Female Reproductive System PDF
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Ms. Ann Mariz M. Capuli
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These are notes for a grade 10 biology class, covering the female reproductive system. The presentation appears to be about the different organs and functions in the female reproductive system including diagrams
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Good Afternoon Grade 10! Presented by: Ms. Ann Mariz M. Capuli Babies and Their Story Think about a time when you heard about a new baby coming into your family or someone else’s. What questions or curiosities did you have about how babies develop inside the womb? ...
Good Afternoon Grade 10! Presented by: Ms. Ann Mariz M. Capuli Babies and Their Story Think about a time when you heard about a new baby coming into your family or someone else’s. What questions or curiosities did you have about how babies develop inside the womb? Today, you will: Identify the structures and functions female reproductive systems Did You Know? Explain the menstrual cycle in A human baby’s heart begins to beat around 21 or simple terms. 22 days after fertilisation. The Human Reproductive System It is a set of organs and structures that work together to ensure the survival of the species by producing offspring. Female Reproductive System It has four specific functions: To produce sex To produce egg To support and To give birth to a hormones (ova) protect new baby Estrogen developing Progesterone embryo Major Organs Cervix Vagina Ovaries (gonads) Uterine tubes (fallopian Gonads are the female and male tubes) reproductive organs that produce gametes and sex hormones. EXTERNAL GENETALI External Genetalia Vulva- which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Mons pubis or “mons veneris” is the hairy skin-covered pad of fat over the pubic bone. External Genetalia Vulva- which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Labia majora or “greater lips” are the part around the vagina containing two glands (Bartholin’s glands) which helps lubrication during intercourse. External Genetalia Vulva- which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Labia minora or “lesser lips” are the thin hairless ridges at the entrance of the vagina, which joins behind and in front. In front they split to enclose the clitoris. External Genetalia Vulva- which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Clitoris is a small pea-shaped structure. It plays an important part in sexual excitement in females. External Genetalia Vulva- which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Vaginal orifice is the opening into the vagina External Genetalia Urethral orifice or external urinary opening is below the clitoris on the upper wall of the vagina and is the passage for urine. Note: Opening of the vagina is separate from the urinary opening and located below it. The hymen is a thin cresentic fold of tissue which partially covers the opening of the vagina. Medically, it is no longer considered to be 100% proof of female virginity. Vagina A muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external genitals to the uterus. Functions as a two-way street, accepting the penis and sperm during intercourse. Serving as the venue of birth through which the new baby Cervix The lower portion or neck of the uterus. The cervix is lined with mucus, known as cervical mucus. Cervical mucus provides lubrication and sperm transport during sexual intercourse. During ovulation secretion of cervical mucus increases in response to estrogen. But when an egg is ready for fertilization, the mucus then becomes thin and slippery, offering a Cervix At the end of pregnancy: The cervix acts as the passage through which the baby exits the uterus into the vagina. The cervical canal expands to roughly 50 times its normal width for the passage of the baby during birth. Uterus Pear-shaped muscular organ in the female reproductive tract. The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus where pregnancy occurs. The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that connects with the vagina and serves as a sphincter to keep the uterus closed during Uterus The uterus expands considerably during the reproductive process. The organ grows from 10 to 20 times its normal size during pregnancy. Uterus The main body consists of a firm outer coat of muscle (myometrium), and an inner lining of vascular, glandular material The (endometrium) endometrium thicken during menstrual cycle to allow implantation of a fertilized egg. Pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants successfully into the endometrial lining. Fallopian tubes Also known as uterine tubes. Stretch from the uterus to the ovaries and measure about 8-13 cm in length. The ends of the fallopian tubes lying next to the ovaries feather into ends called fimbria. Fallopian tubes Millions of tiny hair-like cilia line the fimbria and interior of fallopian tubes. The cilia beat in waves hundreds of times a second catching the egg at ovulation and moving it through the tube to the uterine cavity. Fallopian tubes Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. 1. Release of egg from ovary. 2. Egg reaches mid-point of fallopian tube where it is fertilized by sperm. 3. Implantation of fertilized egg into the Ovaries Also known as female gonads They produce eggs (ova) every female is born with a lifetime supply of eggs. They also produce hormones: Estrogen and Progesterone The Journey of the Sperm Cell Sperm cells pass through different parts before reaching an egg cell to fertilise. 1 Testes Fallopian Tubes 8 Produce sperm 2 Epididymis FERTILIZATION Uterus 7 Allows sperm to mature 3 Vas deferens Cervix 6 4 Urethra Ejaculation Vagina 5 Where mixing of fluids occur Menstrual Cycle It is a natural, recurring process in the female reproductive system, lasting about 28 days on average. It involves body preparations for potential pregnancy. Menstruation Follicular Phase Lining of the uterus is When the pituitary gland shed, resulting in the releases hormones that release of blood and 4 5 6 7 stimulate the growth and 3 8 tissue from the body development of ovarian follicles 2 9 through the vagina 1 10 28 11 27 Stages of the 12 26 Menstrual 13 25 Cycle 14 24 15 23 16 22 17 Luteal Phase 21 20 19 18 Ovulation Phase Empty ovarian follicle becomes When a mature egg is the corpus luteum, producing released from the ovary hormones that prepare the and is ready for uterus for possible embryo potential fertilisation implantation Menstrual Disorders Dysmenorrhea is characterized by severe pain during menstruation Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence of menstruation Oligomenorrhea is the abnormal and infrequent menstrual period ANSWER KEY Learning Check The menstrual cycle in females prepares the body for possible pregnancy by releasing an egg and preparing the uterus for pregnancy. If no pregnancy happens, the uterus sheds its lining during menstruation. The Miracle of Life