Anatomy of the Reproductive System PDF

Anatomy of the Reproductive System D R. M USA R R AT  Female Reproductive System Internal Organs Ovary Uterine Tubes Uterus Vagina ...

Anatomy of the Reproductive System D R. M USA R R AT  Female Reproductive System Internal Organs Ovary Uterine Tubes Uterus Vagina  Ovary Oval-shaped glandular body that lie on either side of the uterus, close to the lateral wall of the pelvis and anterior to the rectum. Surface is smooth and pink-white in early in reproductive life and becomes convoluted and gyriform with increasing age. oOvary is responsible for follicle development, follicle differentiation, and release of oocytes for fertility oSynthesizing and secreting sex steroid hormones (i.e., estrogens, progesterones, and androgens) that are essential for maintaining follicle development and proper menstrual cycle. Cortex Outer layer of ovary Composed of stroma; contains developing follicles Medulla Mid portion of ovary Composed predominantly of stroma with blood vessels and nerves Hilum (a.k.a. hilus) Where blood vessels and nerves enter parenchyma  Uterine tubes Uterine tube is a muscular-membranous, tubular shaped structure that extends medially from the ovary and opens proximally in uterine cavity through the myometrium and endometrium. Progressing from the ovary to the uterus, the three distinct segments of the Fallopian tube are infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus.  Each segment in the Fallopian tube has distinct cell morphology and function. The fimbria is a fingerlike structure surrounding the infundibulum and extending outward from the Fallopian tube. The largest fimbria, called the ovarian fimbria, is attached to the ovary. At ovulatory phase, the luteinizing hormone peaks, causing the follicle to rupture. The oocyte–cumulus complex is then released from the ovary and picked up by a fluid current generated from ciliated epithelial cells beating on the surface of the fimbria. Ciliary movement transports oocyte–cumulus complex further deep into the Fallopian tube toward the uterus.  Uterus The uterus is located in the female pelvis immediately posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. It is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is responsible for a variety of functions such as gestation (pregnancy), menstruation, and labor and delivery  The female uterus subdivides into four main anatomic segments (from superior to inferior): i. Fundus: a broad curved area in which fallopian tubes connects to the uterus. ii. Corpus (body): the main part of a uterus and it starts directly below the level of fallopian tubes and continues downward. iii. Isthmus: a lower neck region of the uterus. iv. Cervix: which extends downwards from the isthmus and opens in the vagina.  Vagina It is the lowest portion of the female genital tract. It is a fibromuscular canal that connects the outer vulva to the cervix of the uterus. It serves as a natural route for elimination of uterine secretions and the fetus.  MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT The male reproductive tract is comprised of: Paired testes Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory ducts Prostate All these components serve to produce, transport, and deliver viable sperm to the female reproductive tract, which allows for human reproduction. TESTES: Testes where the continuous process of gamete production (spermatogenesis) occurs and where testosterone is produced. Epididymus: a duct system for transport, maturation, and storage of the sperm. Vas deferens: a tubular structure that connects the epididymis to the urethra near the point where the seminal vesicles empty and join with it to form the ejaculatory duct. Ejaculatory duct then passes through the prostate gland into the urethra. Seminal vesicles are paired accessory sex glands that produce a fluid enriched in fructose which contributes 50–80% of the entire ejaculatory volume. Prostate gland is an accessory male reproductive organ, located at the base of the bladder, and surrounding the urethra. It produces prostatic secretions that contain zinc, citric acid, calcium, phosphates, and other enzymes essential for sperm health and motility. At ejaculation, semen passes through the ejaculatory ducts and mixes with secretions from the prostate gland. THANK YOU