Female Reproductive System PDF

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky The Reproductive System Part B 27 Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, I...

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky The Reproductive System Part B 27 Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Female Reproductive Anatomy ▪ Ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs ▪ Make female gametes (ova) ▪ Secrete female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) ▪ Accessory ducts include uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina ▪ Internal genitalia – ovaries and the internal ducts ▪ External genitalia – external sex organs Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Female Reproductive Anatomy Figure 27.11 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The Ovaries ▪ Paired organs on each side of the uterus held in place by several ligaments ▪ Ovarian – anchors the ovary medially to the uterus ▪ Suspensory – anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall ▪ Mesovarium – suspends the ovary in between ▪ Broad ligament – contains the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The Ovaries Figure 27.14a Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries ▪ Blood supply – ovarian arteries and the ovarian branch of the uterine artery ▪ Embedded in the ovary cortex are ovarian follicles Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries ▪ Each follicle consists of an immature egg called an oocyte ▪ Cells around the oocyte are called: ▪ Follicle cells (one cell layer thick) ▪ Granulosa cells (when more than one layer is present) Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries ▪ Primordial follicle – one layer of squamous-like follicle cells surrounds the oocyte ▪ Primary follicle – two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells enclose the oocyte ▪ Secondary follicle – has a fluid-filled space between granulosa cells and form a central antrum Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries ▪ Graafian follicle – secondary follicle at its most mature stage that bulges from the surface of the ovary ▪ Ovulation – ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle ▪ Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle after ovulation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovaries Figure 27.12 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts ▪ Receive the ovulated oocyte and provide a site for fertilization ▪ Empty into the superolateral region of the uterus via the isthmus ▪ Expand distally around the ovary forming the ampulla ▪ The ampulla ends in the funnel-shaped, containing fingerlike projections called fimbriae Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Uterus ▪ Hollow, thick-walled organ located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder ▪ Body – major portion of the uterus ▪ Fundus – rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes ▪ Isthmus – narrowed region between the body and cervix Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Uterus ▪ Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly ▪ Cervical canal – cavity of the cervix Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Supports of the Uterus ▪ Mesometrium – portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally ▪ Lateral cervical ligaments – extend from the cervix and superior part of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis ▪ Round ligaments – bind the anterior wall to the labia majora Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Uterine Wall ▪ Composed of three layers ▪ Perimetrium – outermost serous layer; the visceral peritoneum ▪ Myometrium – middle layer; interlacing layers of smooth muscle ▪ Endometrium – mucosal lining of the uterine cavity - Has numerous uterine glands that change in length as the endometrial thickness changes Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Vagina ▪ Thin-walled tube lying between the bladder and the rectum, extending from the cervix to the exterior of the body ▪ The urethra is embedded in the anterior wall ▪ Provides a passageway for birth, menstrual flow, and is the organ of copulation Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Vagina ▪ Wall consists of three coats: fibroelastic adventitia, smooth muscle muscularis, and a stratified squamous mucosa ▪ Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition called the hymen ▪ Vaginal fornix – upper end of the vagina surrounding the cervix Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Vagina Figure 27.16 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum) ▪ Lies external to the vagina and includes the labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures ▪ Labia majora – elongated, hair-covered, fatty skin folds homologous to the male scrotum ▪ Labia minora – hair-free skin folds lying within the labia majora; homologous to the ventral penis Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum) ▪ Greater vestibular glands ▪ Pea-size glands flanking the vagina ▪ Homologous to the bulbourethral glands ▪ Keep the vestibule moist and lubricated Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum) ▪ Clitoris (homologous to the penis) ▪ Erectile tissue hooded by the prepuce ▪ The exposed portion is called the glans Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Ovarian Cycle Figure 27.20 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings