Female Genital System (Arabic) PDF

Dr. Khaled Shoghy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology  Components of the female genital system 1- Glandular organ Tow ovaries 2- Tubular organs 1) Two uterine (Fallopian) tubes 2) Uterus (two horns + body + cervix) 3- Copulatory organ 1) Vagina 2) Vestibule 3) Vulva  Genera...

Dr. Khaled Shoghy Professor of Anatomy & Embryology  Components of the female genital system 1- Glandular organ Tow ovaries 2- Tubular organs 1) Two uterine (Fallopian) tubes 2) Uterus (two horns + body + cervix) 3- Copulatory organ 1) Vagina 2) Vestibule 3) Vulva  General functions 1) Ovary: mixed gland (exocrine as it produces ova and endocrine as it secretes hormones). 2) Uterine tube: site of fertilization. 3) Uterus: site of pregnancy (horn + body) Cervix: keep pregnancy. 4) Copulatory part: receives penis and facilitate copulation.  Species Adult male Adult female Equine ‫خيول‬ Stallion / Horse Mare Bovine ‫بقر‬ Bull / Ox Cow Ovine ‫خروف‬ Ram Ewe Caprine ‫ماعز‬ Buck Doe Camel ‫جمل‬ Camel She camel Swine ‫خنزير‬ Boar Sow Canine ‫كالب‬ Dog Bitch Feline ‫قطط‬ Tom Queen Rabbit ‫أرنب‬ Buck Doe Fowl ‫دجاج‬ Cock Hen  Anatomical description of the ovary Two surfaces Two borders Two ends - Medial - Attached b. to - Tubal end - Lateral mesovarian lig (toward uterine Both are - Free b. tube) convex may - Uterine end be smooth or (toward uterine nodular horn)  Structure of the ovary Cortex (Zona parenchyma) presents superficially (externally) and contains the germinal epithelia (which contain Graafian follicles, corpus lutei and corpus albicans). Medulla (Zona vasculosa) presents deeply (internally) and contains the blood vessels and nerves.  Fixation of the ovary Proper ligament of the Suspensory ovary Mesovarium (diaphragmatic) ligament Attaches the uterine end of Part of the broad Attaches the tubal end of ovary with: ligament ovary to: - The uterine horn in mare, - The diaphragm in bitch bitch, she camel - The last rib in ewe & she - The broad ligament in camel). other species. - Absent in other species  Ovarian bursa ❑ It is a serous sac between uterine tube and its ligament, mesosalpinx, (laterally) and mesovarium and proper ligament of the ovary (medially). ❑ The ovary lies in the ovarian bursa: Partially in mare. Completely in other animals Uterine tube Proper ligament of the ovary Horse mesosalpinx ovary  Comparative features of the ovary Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Shape Bean shape (due to Oval in cow, Round Oval Discoid ovulation fossa) Almond in ewe Position Sub lumber region At pelvic inlet As equine Sub lumber (L4 or L5) but at L3 region (L6-L7) Surface Smooth Nodular Lobulate Nodular Lobulated Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel  Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Cortex Cortex presents deeply Cortex presents superficially & (internally) (externally) Medulla Medulla presents Medulla presents deeply superficially (externally) (internally) Mare Cow Mare Cow  Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Ovulation Present deeply at the Absent fossa germinal epithelia Site of At ovulation fossa only At any part from the surface ovulation Ovarian Partially surround the Completely surround the ovary bursa ovary Ligaments - Proper lig of ovary Cow is as mare As All 3 ligaments - Mesovarium Ewe has all 3 lig. mare - No subsensory lig Comparative features of the ovary  Uterine tube It named fallopian tube in human, oviduct in birds. Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus - Funnel shape most The most Straight, narrow, and cranial and dilated part flexuous, long caudal part of the which carries fimbria middle part tube which opens in the which pick up the of the tube uterine horn by uterine ovulated ova and has in which opening either abruptly cilia (internally) which fertilization (suddenly) in mare or move the ova down. occurs. smoothly (gradually) in - It is connected with other species abdominal cavity through abdominal opening (ostium).  Ampulla Cow  The uterine tube has two openings: abdominal and uterine openings. The mesosalpinx is the part of broad ligament which attached to the uterine tube. Mare  Termination of utero-tubal junction Course Gradually Abruptly Papilla Without papilla With papilla With papilla surrounded by muscular sphincter Animal Cow, Ewe, Sow Bitch, She camel Mare Ampulla utero-tubal junction In mare  The uterus Two horn Body Cervix Connect between Connects between Extends between isthmus of uterine the two horns and the uterine body tube and uterine the cervix and the vagina body  Cervix 1--Cervical canal: extends between the internal uterine orifice cranially (connected with uterine body) and the external uterine orifice caudally (connected with vagina). 2- Portiovaginalis (intra vaginal part of the cervix): the part of the cervix which projects inside the cranial part of the proper vagina. It is surrounded by a space called fornix.  Structure of the uterus The wall of uterus consists of (from outer to inner): 1--Perimetrium (serosal layer): visceral peritoneum mixes with mesometrium. 2--Myometrium (muscular layer): smooth muscles form the bulk. 3--Endometrium (mucosal layer): simple columnar epithelia with uterine glands.  Ligaments of the uterus a) Mesometrium: part of broad lig which fix the uterus laterally with pelvic wall. b) Round lig of uterus: remnant of gubernaculum lig which present in the ventral surface of mesometrium near the tip of uterine horn. Testis gubernaculum lig Round lig of the uterus In bitch passes through the inguinal canal. Bitch  The broad ligament ❑ It is a double peritoneal fold which attaches most of the female genital system with the abdominal and pelvic wall. ❑ It is subdivided acc. to the part it attaches into: 1. Mesovarium to ovary 2. Mesosalpnix to uterine tube 3. Mesometrium to uterus  Comparative features of the uterus Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Direction Sloped Directed Straight Sloped caudoventrally caudoventrally cranioventral (abortion is ly (abortion common) is rare)  Uterine horn Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel - Straight with - Ram’s horn -Intestinal - Straight (pencil - Straight with rounded shape with coils like) with rounded (blunt) free tapered free end. shape tapered free end. (blunt) free end. - Fused externally with - Forms ampulae end. - Not fused by two tapered in pregnant bitch - Fused externally or intercornual lig free end. - Fused internally internally. (dorsal and - Fused internally (only) (only) by long - Form Y- ventral in large internally by short septum septum shape with the ruminant or one (only) by Form V-shape - Form T- body. intercornual lig in medium with the body. shape with small ruminant septum the body Bitch  two intercornual lig In cow Mare Cow Bitch Sow Camel Cow  Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Uterine Very long Very short but body and equal appear long in length externally due Short to uterine fusion between horns two horns (false appearance). Endo- Has Cow: has 4 rows Smooth Smooth Smooth pink metrium longitudi of round vascular has has color has small nal leaf caruncles longitudinal pigments rounded like folds Ewe: convex cub folds of and prominences shape caruncles different longitudin (more in left height al folds horn) Mare Cow Ewe Camel  Uterine cervix Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Shape - 5-7 cm - 7-15 cm - 15- - Very short - 2-4 cm - Has only - Cow: Has both 25 cm only 1cm - Consist of 4 longitudin longitudinal - Has so the circular folds al mucosal folds cushio internal and with central mucosal and 4 circular ns like external cervical canal folds so it muscular folds promin orifices lie close to - The caudal is easily - Ewe: as cow ences each other fold is low dilated but with 5-8 plus and so no forming (abortion circular muscular longitu cervical external orifice is folds so it is dinal common) folds canal hardly dilated (rare abortion) Portiovaginalis Central Fused ventrally Absent Fused Central uteri dorsally Fornix vaginae Annular Dorsally Absent Ventrally Annular  Uterine body Cervix Vagina Mare Cow Sow Bitch Camel Mare Cow Camel Camel  Vagina ❑ The vagina extends from the cervix to the vulva. It is divided by incomplete Hymen fold into proper vagina (cranially) and vestibule (caudally). ❑ Portiovaginalis extends in the cranial part of the proper vagina and surrounded by fornix. ❑ The external urethral orifice opens in the floor of the vaginal just caudal to the Hymen fold. ❑ Before this opening, there is a suburethral diverticulum in cow and sow. This diverticulum should be avoided during catheterization in case of urine retention. The reproductive organs of cow, dorsal view. 1, Ovary; 2, uterine tube; 2′, infundibulum; 3, uterine horn; 4, intercornual ligament; 5, wall of uterus dividing the two horns; 6, body of uterus with caruncles; 7, broad ligament; 8, cervix; 9, vaginal part of cervix; 10, fornix; 11, vagina; 12, position of former hymen; 13, external urethral orifice and suburethral diverticulum; 14, major vestibular gland and its excretory orifice; 15, vestibule; 16, glans of the clitoris  Vestibular glands ❑ Found in the lateral wall and floor of the vestibule. They secrete mucus which facilitates the copulation and parturition. Major glands Minor glands Two large glands in the Rows of single glands with lateral wall and floor of the separate ducts in all other vestibule in large ruminant species only Vestibular bulb ❑ Extensive venous plexus and erectile tissues in the wall of vestibule of mare and bitch. ❑ It is erected during copulation to adapt with long erected penis.  Dog Mare Bitch  Comparative features of vagina Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Length Long Long Long Very Long Long Mucosal Longitudinal Longit. + Longitudinal Longit. + Longit. + folds transverse transverse transverse Fornix Annular Dorsal No Ventral Annular Hymen Annular fold Small Annular fold Small Small transverse transverse transverse fold fold fold Suburethral Absent Deep and Shallow and Absent Absent diverticulum open opens with separately in ext. urethral the vestibule orifice floor Vestibular Only minor Major in LR Only minor Only Only minor glands and minor in minor SR Vestibular Elongated No No Nodular No bulb  Vulva and clitoris ❑ The vulva and clitoris are considered as the female external genitalia. ❑ The vulva consists of two lips (right and left) separated by vulvar cleft. ❑ The lips are connected dorsal by dorsal commissure and ventrally by ventral commissure which contains the clitoris (female penis). ❑ In all animals, the ventral commissure is pointed clitoris except in mare it is round.  Clitoris Penis Female copulatory organ Male copulatory organ Contains erectile tissue and erected Consists of two crura, body and glans Consists of corpus Consists of corpus cavenosum and cavernousum only corpus spongiosum. Has no urethra Has urethra Smaller and shorter Larger and longer Mare Cow Ewe Sow Bitch Camel  Blood supply of the female genital system 1- Ovarian artery: from the aorta. 2- Uterine artery: from internal iliac artery 3- Vaginal artery: from internal pudendal artery internal iliac artery Aorta internal pudendal artery Ovarian artery Uterine artery Vaginal artery  Ovary Female genital system Uterine tube Anatomy Structure Fixation Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus 1- surfaces 1- cortex 1- mesovarium Funnel flexuous, Straight, 2- borders 2- medulla 2- proper lig shape most middle part narrow, and 3- ends 3- suspensory cranial and long caudal Mare Cow Sow Bitch She camel Shape Bean shape (due to Oval in cow, Round Oval Discoid dilated part part ovulation fossa) Almond in ewe Ampulla Position Sub lumber region At pelvic inlet As Sub lumber (L4 or L5) equine region (L6-L7) but at L3 Surface Smooth Nodular Lobulate Nodular Lobulated Uterus Vagina Horn Body Cervix Proper Vestibule Vulva Connect Connects Extends It divided by Hymen fold into proper vagina between between between the (cranially) and vestibule (caudally). Clitoris Penis isthmus of the two uterine body Female Male copulatory uterine horns and and the copulatory organ organ Contains erectile tissue tube and the cervix vagina uterine Blood supply Consists of two crura, body, glans corpus corpus cavenosum body cavernousum & corpus 1- Ovarian artery only spongiosum. no urethra Has urethra 2- Uterine artery Small, shorter Larger and longer clitoris 3- Vaginal artery