Anatomy of Female Reproductive System PDF

#### Anatomy of Female Reproductive System (Soft Tissue) Ovary Anterior view Vagina. Urethra  ### Learning Objectives: #### By the end of this lecture the nursing student will be able to: - Describe the parts of external, internal organ of female reproductive syste...

#### Anatomy of Female Reproductive System (Soft Tissue) Ovary Anterior view Vagina. Urethra  ### Learning Objectives: #### By the end of this lecture the nursing student will be able to: - Describe the parts of external, internal organ of female reproductive system (FRS). - Explain the function of the major external and internal organ of female reproductive system. A. **External female reproductive organs (Vulva).** - Mons pubis. - Labia Majora. - Labia Minora. - Clitoris. - Vestibule. - Perineum. B. **Internal female reproductive organs.** 1. Vagina. 2. Uterus. 3. Fallopian Tubes. 4. Ovaries. The reproductive system consists of organs that function in the production of offspring. Nurses need to have a thorough understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive systems to be able to assess the health of this systems, and to provide client teaching concerning the reproductive system. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A. External Organs ======================================= - The external female reproductive organs collectively are called **the vulva.** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - It includes the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris ,the vestibule and the perineum.  1. Mons Veneris / Mons Pubis: ========================== - It is a pad of fat lying over the symphysis pubis covered with hair from the time of puberty. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - It acts as a buffer during sexual intercourse, preventing injury to the underlying bone 2. ### Labia Majora (Greater lips): - Are two folds of fat it covered with thick skin and pubic hair on the outer surface. - It arises in the Mons pubis and merges into the perineum behind. - It provides coverage and protects other external genital organs as the labia minora, clitoris, urethral& vaginal opening 3. ### Labia Minora (Lesser lips): - These are two thin and soft folds of skin lying between the labia Majora. - Anteriorly, it enclosed the clitoris, and posteriorly they - It protects urethral& vaginal opening and the glands in the labia minora serve to lubricate the vulva. 4. Clitoris: ============================== - It is an **erectile organ** corresponding to male penis. - It is rich with blood and nerve supply, so, it is very sensitive and vascular. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - It plays a role in the orgasm of sexual intercourse. ### Vestibule: - ### Urethral opening - **Skene's glands:** Two small glands on either side of the urethral opening. - **The Vaginal opening:** It is also called vaginal introitus - **Bartholin's Glands:** Two small glands on either side of vaginal opening. - **The hymen** is a thin elastic membrane that closes the vagina. It usually has a central opening to allow for menstrual flow. Perineum: ========= - The perineum is the **most posterior part** of the external female reproductive organs. - This is the area between the **vaginal introits** and the **anus** which form the base of the perineal body. ### B. Internal female reproductive organs Vagin ====== - Allows the escape of menstrual blood flow during menstruation - Receives the penis and the ejected sperm - Provides an exit for the fetus during delivery. \\ It is a hollow, muscular and a pear-shaped organ located between the bladder and the rectum ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #### Functions: 1. It shelters the fetus during pregnancy. 2. It contracts and expels the uterine contents following pregnancy. ### Position: 1. It is situated behind the bladder and in front of rectum. 2. The uterus leans forwards, which is known as **Normal position of the Uterus**  ### Relations: - ***Anterior:*** Bladder. - ***Posterior.*** Rectum. - ***Lateral:*** Broad ligaments, fallopian tubes & ovaries. - ***Superior***: Intestine. - ***Inferior:*** Vagina. - ***Weight***: 60 GM. - ***Width:*** 5 cm. - ***length***: 7.5 cm. - ***Thickness***: 2.5 cm. ### Parts of the uterus 1. **The body** (corpus):- It has **fundus**, which is rounded prominence above the uterine tubes, and **cornu** which is area of insertion of the fallopian tubes into the body of the uterus. 2. **The isthmus: -** It is the narrow area between the corpus and the cervix, it enlarges during pregnancy. In late pregnancy it reaches to 10 cm, and formed the lower uterine segment in labor. 3. ### Cervix: (Neck of the uterus): - The cervix measures 2.5-3 cm. (one-third of the whole uterus). The most significant characteristics of the cervix is its ability to stretch during vaginal delivery. ### [It has two parts :] Portio vaginalis and Supravaginal [It has two OS]: - **The internal Os** is the opening between the isthmus and the cervix. - **The external Os** is the opening between the cervix and the vagina.  A. ***The endometrium*** is the inner lining of the uterus. B. ***The myometrium*** is the muscle layer. It is thick in the upper part and thin in the isthmus and cervix. C. ***The perimetrium*** is a layer of peritoneum, which covers the uterus.  2. Fallopian Tubes: =================== #### Functions - Receive the spermatozoa as they travel upwards - Provides a site for fertilization - Propels the ovum towards the uterus A. **Interstitial Portion:** lies within the wall of the uterus. (the narrowest part). B. **Isthmus:** It is another narrow part with thick muscle wall. C. **Ampullary:** It is the widest portion where fertilization occurs. D. **Infundibulum:** It is the funnel-shaped end that is  ### The Ovaries ### Functions: - Ovaries are responsible for production of ova. - Secretion of female sex hormones progesterone and estrogen. 1. The fertilization usually takes place in which structure of the internal genital organs: a. Fallopian tube b. Ovary c. Uterus Vagina 2. It is one of the external genital organ d. Vagina e. Perineum f. Ovaries g. Uterus 3. The normal uterine position is: h. Retroversion- retro flexion. i. Ante version - ante flexion. j. Ante version- retro flexion. k. Retroversion -- long tudinal. 4. The female organ for sexual intercourse is........... l. Clitoris. m. Penis. n. Vagina**[.]** o. Ovary. 5. It is an open, funnel shaped portion of uterine tube near the ovary p. Isthmus q. Ampulla r. Infundibulum s. Fimbriae a. Urinary meatus b. Clitoris. c. Perineum. d. Hymen**.** 7. The external female organs are called the..... a. Labia majora. b. Vestibule. c. Mons pubis. d. Vulva**[.]** a. The compact surface. b. The basal layer. c. The middle spongy layer. d. Myometrium. a. Labia majora. b. Uterus. c. Cervix. d)Bartholin\'s glands 10. ### Which of the following is the innermost layer of the uterus, where implantation of the fertilized egg occurs? a. Endometrium b) Myometrium c) Perimetrium 11. ### What is the function of the fallopian tubes? b. Production of eggs b) Hormone secretion c. Propels the ovum towards the uterus d. Menstruation