Vitamins and Minerals PDF

Vitamins and Minerals 1  Vitamins are “ Vitamins and nutrients, more minerals are specifically micronutrients organic and trace compounds, that humans require to elements that...

Vitamins and Minerals 1  Vitamins are “ Vitamins and nutrients, more minerals are specifically micronutrients organic and trace compounds, that humans require to elements that function properly. deal with the Minerals are those smaller intake elements on the requirements. earth and in foods that our bodies need to develop and function normally. 2 Vitamins and Fruits and Vegetables “ What nutrients do we get from fruits and vegetables? 3  “ HOW TO SELECT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Guidelines in Selecting Fruits and Vegetables 4 “ 5 “ 6  “ BEST WAYS TO PRESERVE NUTRIENTS 7 “ 8  FOOD ADDITIVES Food additives are substances added to food Food additives play a to preserve flavor or key role in maintaining enhance its taste, the food qualities and appearance, or other characteristics that qualities. consumers demand, Importance of food keeping food safe, additives wholesome and Foods are subjected to appealing from farm to many environmental fork. conditions, such as10  Uses and some of the common functions food additives 11  Preservatives ⬩ A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. 12  Coloring agents ⬩ Food coloring, or color additive, is any dye, pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink. ⬩ Food coloring is used both in commercial food production and in domestic cooking. 13  a. NATURAL COLORING AGENTS Caramel coloring, made Cochineal, a red from caramelized sugar, dye derived from the used in cola products cochineal insect, and also in cosmetics. Dactylopiuscoccus. Annatto, a reddish- Betanin extracted orange dye made from from beets. the seed of the Achiote. Turmeric A green dye made from Saffron chlorella algae Paprika Elderberry (flowering plant) 14  b. SYNTHETIC COLORING AGENTS Production of other Brilliant Blue secondary colors Indigotine which were not made Fast Green Allura Red available through Erythrosine natural food coloring. Tartrazine Sunset Yellow 15  c. DYES AND LAKES Dyes dissolve in water, Lakes are the but are not soluble in oil. combination of dyes Dyes are manufactured and insoluble material. as powders, granules, Lakes tint by liquids or other special dispersion. Lakes are purpose forms. They can not oil soluble, but are be used in beverages, dry oil dispersible. mixes, baked Goods, Typical uses include confectionery, dairy coated tablets, cake products, pet foods and a and donut mixes, hard variety of other products. candies and chewing gum. 16  Flavoring agents ⬩ Flavouring agents are key food additives with hundreds of varieties like fruit, nut, seafood, spice blends, vegetables and wine which are natural flavouring agents. 17  a. NATURAL FLAVORING AGENTS These flavoring Fruit or fruit juice substances are obtained Vegetables or from plant or animal raw vegetable juice materials, by physical, Edible yeast, herbs, microbiological, or bark, buds, root leaves enzymatic processes. or plant material Dairy products, *Natural flavors are including fermented created from substances products extracted from these Meat, poultry or plant or animal sources: seafood Spices Eggs 18  Essences ⬩ Flavorant or essence is defined as a substance that gives another substance flavor, altering the characteristics of the solute, causing it to become sweet, sour, tangy, etc. 19  Sweetening agents ⬩ Sweetening agents are any of various natural and artificial substances that provide a sweet taste in food and beverages. 20  a. Natural Sweetening Agents Common natural sweeteners are sugar, corn syrup, stevia, monk fruit, Nectar and honey. 21  b. Artificial Sweetening Agents These sweeteners The most common artificial are used in different sweeteners are saccharine, processed foods aspartame, neotame, such as bakery acesulfame K, stevia, and products, jam and sucralose approved by FDA. jellies, canned food puddings, and soft drinks 22  Humectant ⬩ A humectant is a hygroscopic substance used to keep things moist;a humectant attracts and retains the moisture in the air nearby via absorption, drawing the water vapor into or beneath the organism's or object's surface 23  a. NATURAL HUMECTANTS Aloe vera gel Egg yolk and egg white Honey Molasses 24  b. ARTIFICIAL HUMECTANTS Propylene glycol, Quillaia Sodium hexylene glycol, and butylene glycol hexametaphosphate Alpha hydroxy acids E452i Sugar alcohols (sugar such as lactic acid Glyceryl triacetate polyols) such as Lithium chloride glycerol, sorbitol, Polymeric polyols xylitol, maltitol Urea such as polydextrose 25  Bleaching agents ⬩ A bleaching agent is used to lighten or whiten a substrate through chemical reaction.\ ⬩ A food bleaching agent is simply used for the purpose of decolorizing food. 26  Usual Bleaching Agents Organic peroxides, namely benzoyl peroxide Calcium peroxide Nitrogen dioxide Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Azodicarbonamide Atmospheric oxygen, used during natural aging of flour 27  Thickeners ⬩ A thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties. 28  Common thickeners A. Polysaccharides B. Proteins as a as a food thickener food thickener include the starches, include food items vegetable gums and such as gelatin pectin. and eggs 29  Anticaking agents ⬩ An anticaking agent is an additive placed in powdered or granulated materials, such as ⬩ table salt or confectionaries to prevent the formation of lumps (caking) and for easing ⬩ packaging, transport, and consumption. 30  Common Anticaking Agents Sodium Calcium silicate aluminosilicate - a Silicon dioxide - the man-made product principle constituent of Sodium sandstone ferrocyanide Hydrophobic silica Potassium Calcium ferrocyanide phosphate/tri-calcium Calcium carbonate phosphate - bone ash Magnesium carbonate 31 Thanks! 32