Facial Growth and Development Postnatal - 2.3 PDF

**[Facial growth and development postnatal - 2.3]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **[Early craniofacial development ]** Start = end of 4th week 5 processes around stomodeum - - - Nasal placodes develop - - At end of week 5 - mandibular swellings merge to for lower lip Deepened nasal pits...

**[Facial growth and development postnatal - 2.3]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **[Early craniofacial development ]** Start = end of 4th week 5 processes around stomodeum - - - Nasal placodes develop - - At end of week 5 - mandibular swellings merge to for lower lip Deepened nasal pits merge to form primitive nasal cavity 6-7th week - medial nasal process merge to form intermaxillary process 7-10th week - maxillary processes grow mesially toward intermaxillary process and merges in front of the intermaxillary process forming the philtrum and upper lip Maxillary and mandibular swellings merge to form cheeks **Palate** - - - - - **Bone formation and growth** Intramembranous ossification - bone formed in membrane - - Endochondral ossification - bone replaces cartilage model - - - Sutures = bony infill due to response to forces separating bones Displacement = growth which cases bone to move relative to its neighbour **Craniofacial growth** Control - Theories - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **[Postnatal craniofacial growth]** As face enlarges it grows forwards and down away from cranial base 7 years - calvarium, eyes and orbit almost complete Child face smaller on skull than adult Pubertal growth spurt - girls 10-12 and boys 12-15 **Maxilla** - - - Downwards growth = occurs by drift of hard palate and vertical development of alveolar process as teeth erupt and roots are formed Lateral growth = occurs by displacement of 2 maxilla and infill at the mid-palatal suture - - **Mandible** - - - - - - - - - - - - -  **Growth of soft tissues** - - - - - - - Predicting facial growth - - - - **[Skeletal types and facial patterns ]** 3 planes of space: - -  - Classes - -  - -  - -  - Unattractive features - - - - - - - - - - - - **[Epigenetics ]** Genes for craniofacial structure are the same yet every face is unique Histone modification regulates face morphogenesis NCC are switched from the poised state to an active chromatin state by environmental signals This begins position specific transcriptional programmes that form the face NCC obtain a positional identity which is dependant on interactions with environment and the path the cells take After migration NCC maintain some plasticity so not permanent Differences between male and female - - - - - - -