Extraoral Indications_250101_175231 PDF

## Extra-oral views ### Lateral views 1. Cephalometric 2. Oblique ### Postero-anterior views 1. True PA 2. Sinus view 3. Reverse Towne's ### Antero-posterior views 1. True AP 2. Towne's 3. Submentovortex ### Indications of Lateral Cephalometric - Standardized technique, used for orthodontic...

## Extra-oral views ### Lateral views 1. Cephalometric 2. Oblique ### Postero-anterior views 1. True PA 2. Sinus view 3. Reverse Towne's ### Antero-posterior views 1. True AP 2. Towne's 3. Submentovortex ### Indications of Lateral Cephalometric - Standardized technique, used for orthodontic analysis - Pre & post orthognatic surgeries - Evaluate: facial growth, dev, deu abnormalities & trauma - fracture of the cranium & cranial base - frontal, Sphenoidal & maxillary sinus - sella turcica ### Indications of Lateral Oblique - examine mandibular angle, ramus & body - presence of unerupted/impacted teeth - Detection of: - fractures of the mandible - pathological lesions - submandibular salivary gland stones ### Indications of True PA - can detect mandibular fractures - Localize pathological lesions - Shows frontal, ethmoidal, nasal fossa & orbits - detect asymmetrical growth ### Indications of Sinus/Waters view - assessment of all sinuses - assessment of coronal process fracture - Detection of middle facial fractures - orbital floor fractures - Nasal septum fracture ### Indications of Reverse Towne's - assess condylar process and condylar neck and ramus - detect sub-condylar and condylar displacement - shows the posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus ### Indications of Sub-mento vertex view - Detect zygomatic arch fractures - Demonstrate the base of the skull and its formina - Demonstrate the sphenoid air sinus and the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus - identify the position and orientation of the condyles.