Obstetrics Examination Questions PDF

OBSTETRICS EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Current certification of 4th year students of the Faculty of Foreign Students Examination questions were approved at a meeting of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with PD and PC (protocol No. 4 dated 04.15.2021). 1. The structure and org...

OBSTETRICS EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Current certification of 4th year students of the Faculty of Foreign Students Examination questions were approved at a meeting of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with PD and PC (protocol No. 4 dated 04.15.2021). 1. The structure and organization of obstetric care in the Republic of Belarus. 2. Specialized obstetrical and gynecological care. 3. The structure and organization of the maternity hospital. 4. Aseptic and antiseptic in obstetrics. Prevention of nosocomial infection. 5. Pelvic anatomy. Planes and diameters of true pelvis. 6. Anatomy of the female genital organs. Blood supply, innervation. 7. The anatomy of perineum. 8. Fertilization, implantation, the main stages of embryogenesis. Critical periods of development of the embryo and fetus. 9. The anatomy and functions of the placenta. 10. The fetus-in-utero. Obstetric terminology: attitude, lie, position, type of position, presentation. 11. The anatomy and diameters of fetal scull. 12. Physiological changes of the cardiovascular system in pregnant women. 13. Physiological changes of the endocrine system in pregnant women. 14. Physiological changes of the urinary system in pregnant women. 15. Physiological changes of the hemostasis system in pregnant women. 16. Diagnosis of pregnancy. Estimation of gestational age and labor date. 17. Methods of obstetrical examination (external and internal obstetrical examination, additional methods of examination). 18. Parturition. Preliminary period. 19. The definition of normal labor. Classification of labor by gestational age, duration. 20. The causes for the onset of labor. 21. The first stage of labor. The clinical course and management. 22. Labor analgesia, methods, indications, medications. 23. The second stage of labor. Clinical course and management. 24. Mechanism of labor in the occipito-anterior presentation. 25. Mechanism of labor in the occipito-posterior presentation. 26. The first toilet of newborn. Newborn Apgar score. 27. The clinical course and management of the third stage of labor. 28. The signs of placental separation. Delivery of the placenta. Physiological, pathological blood loss. 29. The course and management of physiological puerperium. Mechanisms of postpartum hemostasis, prevention of bleeding. 30. Breech presentation. Etiology. Сlassification. Diagnosis. 31. The clinical course of pregnancy and labor with breech presentation. Mechanisms of labor. 32. Complications for mother and fetus in breech presentation. Management of labor in the breech presentation. Assistance for breech delivery. 33. Transverse and oblique fetal lie. Etiology, diagnosis, management of pregnancy and labor. 34. Mechanisms of labor in brow presentation. Diagnosis. The clinical course and management. 35. Mechanisms of labor in face presentation. Diagnosis. The clinical course and management. 36. Abnormalities of the maternal pelvis. Anatomically contracted pelvis. Etiology. 37. Diagnosis of anatomically contracted pelvis. The clinical course and management. 38. Cephalopelvic disproportion: definition, causes, diagnosis, obstetrical tactics. Complications for mother and fetus. 39. Multiple pregnancy. Etiology. Classification. Diagnosis. 40. Course and management of multiple pregnancy and labor. Complications for mother and fetus. 41. Post-term pregnancy. Diagnosis, course and management of labor. 42. Miscarriage. Definition: miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, missed pregnancy, preterm labor. The causes of miscarriage. 43. Spontaneous abortion. Definition, causes, clinical course, diagnosis treatment, prevention. 44. Cervical incompetence: causes, clinical features, methods of correction, management of pregnancy and labor. 45. Preterm labor. Causes, clinical course, diagnosis, management of labor, prevention. 46. Management of premature rupture of the amniotic membranes. Principles and methods of preterm delivery. 47. Signs of immaturity of the newborn. 48. Vomiting of pregnancy. Pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment. 49. Classification of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. 50. Preeclampsia. Defenition. Pathogenesis. 51. Clinical types of preeclampsia. Сriteria for severe preeclampsia. 52. Complications of severe preeclampsia. Causes of maternal and perinatal mortality. 53. The principles of treatment of preeclampsia. Indications for preterm delivery. Prophylaxis. 54. Eclampsia. Pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment. 55. HELLP-syndrome. Etiology, pathogenesis. Clinical manifestation. Diagnosis. Treatment strategy. 56. Abnormal uterine action. Risk factors, causes, classification. 57. Uterine inertia. Causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 58. Incoordinate uterine action. Causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 59. Generalized tonic contraction. Causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis 60. Lacerations of the birth canal. Causes, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 61. Uterine rupture. Classification, causes, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment. 62. Pelvic hematoma. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment. 63. Episiotomy. Perineotomy. Indications. Technique of operations. 64. Causes of bleeding during pregnancy, labor, postpartum period. Assessment of blood loss. 65. Placenta praevia. Causes, classification, clinical signs, diagnosis, management of pregnancy and labor. 66. Placental abruption. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, management of pregnancy and labor, prophylaxis. 67. Placenta accreta, increta and percreta. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, obstetrical tactics. 68. Postpartum hemorrhage. Etiology, diagnosis, treatment strategy, methods of conservative and surgical haemostasis. 69. Hemorrhagic shock in obstetrics. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, principles of treatment, prophylaxis. 70. Therapy of hemorrhagic shock. 71. DIC-syndrome in obstetrics. Causes, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment. 72. Amniotic fluid embolism. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 73. The clinical course and management of pregnancy and labor with heart diseases. 74. Clinical course and management of labor and puerperium in women with arterial hypertension. Therapy of hypertension in pregnancy. 75. The course and management of pregnancy and labor in patients with diabetes. 76. Pathology of the fetus and newborn from mothers with diabetes. 77. The course of pregnancy and delivery in women with thyroid gland diseases. 78. The influence of thyroid hormones on the development of the fetus and newborn. Prophylaxis of iodine deficiency. 79. Kidney disease and pregnancy. The course and management of pregnancy and childbirth. Contraindications to pregnancy. 80. Pyelonephritis in pregnancy: etiology, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment. 81. Anemia and pregnancy: etiology, clinical course, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 82. Acute appendicitis and pregnancy: clinical signs, differential diagnosis, obstetrical tactics. 83. Predisposing factors and conditions for the development of purulent-septic diseases in the puerperal period. 84. Postpartum wound infections. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 85. Postpartum metroendometritis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 86. Postpartum thrombophlebitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 87. Peritonitis after cesarean delivery, Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 88. Sepsis and septic shock in obstetrics. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis. 89. Postpartum mastitis. Etiology. Etiology. Pathogenesis. The clinical picture. Diagnostics. Treatment. prophylaxis. 90. Intrauterine fetal infections. Etiology. Pathogenesis. The clinical picture. Diagnostics. Treatment. Pregnancy and childbirth management. Prevention. 91. Urogenital chlamydial infection. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, chlamydial infection. Chlamydial infection and pregnancy. 92. Genital herpes and pregnancy: the course of pregnancy, the effect on the fetus and the newborn, diagnosis, treatment. 93. The course and management of pregnancy in HIV-infection: the course of pregnancy, the effect on the fetus and the newborn, diagnosis, treatment. Prevention of perinatal HIV-transmission. 94. Vulvovaginal candidiasis and pregnancy: the course of pregnancy, the effect on the fetus and the newborn, diagnosis, treatment. 95. Cesarean section. Indications, contraindications and conditions. Types of CS. 96. Preoperative preparation for elective and emergency caesarean section. Anesthesia for cesarean section. 97. The main stages of the caesarean section in the lower segment of the uterus. 98. Complications during caesarean section and in the postoperative period. Postoperative management. 99. Vaginal delivery operations: forceps, vacuum extraction of the fetus. Indications, conditions, complications. 100. Destructive operations. Indications. Conditions. Complications. 101. Perinatology. Perinatal period. Factors and risk groups of perinatal pathology. 102. Perinatal morbidity and mortality. Infant mortality. The reasons. Descent paths. 103. Congenital malformations of the fetus. Causes, diagnosis, management of pregnancy and labor. 104. Placental insufficiency. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Classification. The clinical picture. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prophylaxis. 105. Perinatal care of the fetus and newborn. Methods of diagnosis of perinatal pathology. 106. Immunological incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood. The reasons. Diagnosis. Pregnancy management. Prevention of Rh sensitization. 107. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Pathogenesis. The clinical picture. Classification. Diagnosis. Treatment. Prophylaxis.