Obstetrics and Gynecology Exam Questions 4th Year
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Questions and Answers

What is a common complication associated with cephalopelvic disproportion?

  • Excessive fetal movement
  • Prolonged labor (correct)
  • Increased fetal heart rate
  • High maternal blood pressure

    • Which of the following is a recognized sign of immaturity in a newborn?

  • Mature cry
  • Strong reflexes
  • Low muscle tone (correct)
  • High birth weight

    • What is the primary treatment method for preeclampsia?

  • Over-the-counter pain relief
  • Regular exercise
  • Immediate hospitalization (correct)
  • Increased dietary salt

    • What is a potential cause of cervical incompetence?

    <p>Infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the delivery of the fetus after 42 weeks of gestation?

    <p>Post-term pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment for uterine inertia?

    <p>Oxytocin administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of eclampsia?

    <p>Seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification pertains to hypertensive disorders during pregnancy?

    <p>Gestational and pre-existing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common etiology for postpartum mastitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can occur during a cesarean section?

    <p>Improper anesthesia management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of prophylaxis in urogenital chlamydial infection?

    <p>Prevent infertility in women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of sepsis in obstetrics?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management is important during pregnancy in cases of HIV infection?

    <p>Administering antiviral therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage?

    <p>Inadequate uterine contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of management for intrauterine fetal infections?

    <p>Prevention of fetal exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the clinical picture of vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy?

    <p>Vulvar itching and discharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of placenta accreta is characterized by the placenta invading the entire thickness of the uterus?

    <p>Placenta percreta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of amniotic fluid embolism?

    <p>Sudden hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of placental insufficiency?

    <p>Fetal growth restriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication from performing an episiotomy?

    <p>Infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of obstetrics, what does DIC syndrome stand for?

    <p>Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom could indicate placenta previa during pregnancy?

    <p>Bright red vaginal bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What management strategy is crucial for a patient experiencing hemorrhagic shock?

    <p>Fluid resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor associated with pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

    <p>Urinary tract infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change is NOT typically observed in the cardiovascular system of pregnant women?

    <p>Decreased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta?

    <p>To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of labor is characterized by the greatest intensity of uterine contractions?

    <p>The second stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In breech presentation, which of the following is a common complication for the fetus?

    <p>Increased risk of fetal distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Apgar score range for a newborn immediately after birth?

    <p>7-10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of aseptic and antiseptic techniques in obstetrics?

    <p>To prevent infection during and after delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about embryogenesis is correct?

    <p>Fertilization and implantation are key early stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diameter is considered a significant measurement of the true pelvis?

    <p>Conjugate diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Breech Presentation

    Fetus is positioned with buttocks or feet first, instead of head first during delivery.

    Cephalopelvic Disproportion

    Fetal head is too large to pass through the mother's pelvis, causing difficulty or impossibility of vaginal delivery.

    Preterm Labor

    Labor that begins before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

    Preeclampsia

    Serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, often with other problems.

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    Multiple Pregnancy

    Pregnancy with more than one fetus.

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    Uterine Rupture

    Tearing of the uterine wall during labor or delivery.

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    Miscarriage

    Loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation.

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    Post-term Pregnancy

    Pregnancy that extends beyond 42 weeks.

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    Cesarean Section (CS) Indications

    Conditions necessitating a C-section, including fetal distress, breech presentation, placenta previa, and certain maternal conditions.

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    Perinatal Pathology Risk Factors

    Conditions or factors increasing the chance of problems during pregnancy, labor, and the early stages of life for a baby.

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    Intrauterine Fetal Infection

    Fetal infection during pregnancy, often due to bacteria or viruses crossing the placenta.

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    Postpartum Mastitis

    Inflammation of the breast tissue after giving birth, frequently due to infection.

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    Placental Insufficiency

    The placenta's inability to provide adequate nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus.

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    Rh Incompatibility

    Blood type differences between mother and fetus potentially leading to complications in subsequent pregnancies.

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    Perinatal Morbidity/Mortality

    Illness or death rates in the period immediately before, during, and after birth.

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    Sepsis in Obstetrics

    A life-threatening complication in pregnancy characterized by a severe response to an infection.

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    Obstetric Care Structure

    The organization and delivery of care for pregnant women, during labor, and the postpartum period.

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    Pelvic Diameters

    Measurements in the woman's pelvis crucial for assessing the passage of the fetus during delivery.

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    Gestational Age

    The duration of pregnancy, usually measured in weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period.

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    Normal Labor

    Labor that proceeds without significant complications and typically results in a healthy mother and baby.

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    Breech Presentation

    A birth position where the baby's buttocks or feet present first, rather than the head.

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    Pelvic hematoma

    A collection of blood in the pelvis after childbirth or other procedures

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    Postpartum Hemorrhage

    Excessive bleeding after childbirth.

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    Apgar Score

    A quick assessment of a newborn's physical condition immediately after birth. Measures heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color.

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    Episiotomy/Perineotomy

    Surgical incision of the perineum (area between vagina and anus) during childbirth; Episiotomy is usually planned, Perineotomy is when it is needed acutely.

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    Labor Mechanism (Cephalic)

    The path the baby takes through the birth canal during labor.

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    Postpartum Hemorrhage

    Excessive bleeding after childbirth.

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    Placenta Previa

    Placenta covering the cervical opening of the uterus.

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    Placental Abruption

    Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.

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    Postpartum Wound Infections

    Infections caused by bacteria in the surgical or physical wound after delivery.

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    Amniotic Fluid Embolism

    A sudden, life-threatening condition during childbirth caused by amniotic fluid entering the mother's bloodstream.

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    Hemorrhagic Shock (Obstetrics)

    Severe blood loss during pregnancy, labor, or postpartum that can lead to organ damage.

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    Study Notes

    Current Certification Examination Questions

    • Examination questions for 4th year students at the Faculty of Foreign Students were approved at a meeting of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

    Obstetrics and Gynecology

    • Structure and Organization:

      • Obstetric and gynecological care system in Belarus
      • Maternity hospital structure
      • Aseptic and antiseptic procedures in obstetrics (prevention of nosocomial infections)

    • Anatomy:

      • Pelvic anatomy (planes, diameters of the true pelvis)
      • Female genital organ anatomy (blood supply, innervation)
      • Perineum anatomy
      • Fetal skull anatomy (diameters)

    • Embryology and Development:

      • Stages of embryogenesis, critical periods
      • Placenta anatomy and function
      • Fetus in utero (attitude, lie, position, type of position, presentation)

    • Physiological Changes in Pregnancy:

      • Cardiovascular system
      • Endocrine system
      • Urinary system
      • Hemostasis system

    • Diagnosis and Examination:

      • Pregnancy diagnosis
      • Gestational age estimation
      • Obstetric examinations (external and internal, additional methods)

    • Labor

      • Normal labor definition, classification by gestational age and duration
      • Causes of labor onset
      • Stages of labor: first, second, and third stages
      • Mechanisms of labor (occipito-anterior, occipito-posterior)
      • First toilet of newborn, Apgar score

    • Puerperium

      • Physiological puerperium, mechanisms of postpartum hemostasis and prevention of bleeding
      • Pathological postpartum hemorrhage

    • Presentations and Breech Presentations:

      • Breech presentation (etiology, classification, diagnosis, clinical course management)
      • Complications of breech delivery
      • Transverse and oblique lie (etiology, diagnosis and management)

    • Brow, Face presentations:

      • Labor and management for brow and face presentations

    • Abnormalities of Maternal Pelvis:

      • Anatomically contracted pelvis (etiology, diagnosis, clinical course and management)
      • Cephalopelvic disproportion

    • Multiple Pregnancy:

      • Management and complications

    • Post-term Pregnancy:

      • Management and labor

    • Miscarriage:

      • Causes, types, definition, management

    • Preterm Labor

      • Causes, clinical course, management, prevention

    • Preterm Rupture of Membranes

      • Management

    • Hypertension in Pregnancy:

      • Pregnancy and labor management in patients with hypertension

    • Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy:

      • Management

    • Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy:

      • Management

    • Kidney Disease in Pregnancy:

      • Management

    • Anemia in Pregnancy

      • Management and prevention

    • Appendicitis in Pregnancy:

      • Management

    • Infections:

      • Urogenital chlamydial infection
      • Genital herpes, and pregnancy

    • Postpartum Infections:

      • Wound infections, metroendometritis, thrombophlebitis, peritonitis

    • Sepsis:

      • Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, prevention

    • Hemorrhage:

      • Postpartum hemorrhage, DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation), amniotic fluid embolism

    • Cesarean Section:

      • Indications, preparation, procedure, complications

    • Vaginal Delivery Techniques

      • Instruments and indications for forceps and vacuum extraction.

    • Placental Issues:

      • Placenta accreta, increta, percreta, types, definitions

    • Perinatology:

      • Perinatal conditions, mortality, pathology, care.

    • Immunological Issues:

      • Rh incompatibility, hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

    • HIV Infection

      • Pregnancy and HIV, management

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    Obstetrics Examination Questions PDF

    Description

    This quiz features a comprehensive set of examination questions designed for 4th year students in the Faculty of Foreign Students, specifically within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It covers various topics including obstetric care systems, anatomy, embryology, and physiological changes during pregnancy.

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