Exam 3 Origins PDF

Inspiration : external-up and laterally...

Inspiration : external-up and laterally and Expiration : interne infairly medically - Intercostal Muscles Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Spinal Levels Action change the volume of theA associated thorax while breathing superior attachment: inferior attachment: anterior & External associated most active during inspiration inferior margin of the superior margin of posterior T1 - T11 Intercostals intercostal nerves support intercostal spaces rib above the rib below intercostal move ribs superiorly & arteries laterally Rib associated change the volume of theD superior attachment: inferior attachment: anterior & thorax while breathing EI Internal lateral edge of the associated superior margin of posterior T1 - T11 most active during expiration Enner Intercostals costal groove of the rib intercostal nerves the rib below intercostal support intercostal spaces above arteries move ribs inferiorly & medially inferiorly Medially - · associated change the volume of theD superior attachment: inferior attachment: anterior & thorax while breathing Innermost medial edge of the internal aspect of associated posterior T1 - T11 most active during expiration Intercostals costal groove of the rib the superior margin intercostal nerves intercostal support intercostal spaces above of the rib below arteries move ribs inferiorly & medially inferiorly Medially - ·  ↓ decrease volume of Thorax change the volume of the thorax while breathing (no * inferior attachment: hard evidence to support X superior attachment: associated internal surface of when most active; theorized internal inferior surface posterior associated Subcostals the 2nd or 3rd rib TI TI during exhalation due to of the rib, near angle of intercostal intercostal nerves - below (often close orientation of muscle) superior rib arteries to tubercle of rib) (may) depress the ribs (AKA pulling them inferiorly and medially) inferiorly Medially - · inferior attachment: internal surfaces superior attachment: of the body of the change the volume of the& associated internal inferior surface sternum thorax while breathing Tranversus anterior associated T1-TI of the upper costal internal surface of depress the costal cartilages Thoracis intercostal intercostal nerves cartilages of the 2nd or the xiphoid process (AKA pull them inferiorly and arteries 3rd ribs - 6th ribs internal surfaces medially) of the 4th - 7th inferiorly Medially - · costal cartilages costal cartilage Body num · dont run inbetween down they jump - - deep to innermost intercostal xiphoid Subcostals  attachments: Central tendon Anterior aspect: -inferior margin of the thoracic aperture (costal cartilages of ribs 7, 8, 9, and 10 and musculophrenic then tendinous arch traveling across ribs 11 artery right & left and 12 and ribs 11 and 12 themselves) pericardiophreni phrenic nerves increase & decrease pressure Diaphragm Posterior aspect: C3, C4, C5 c artery -anterior rami of in the thorax -Right crus (to L3) inferior phrenic C3, C4, C5 -Left crus (to L2) artery -Medial arcuate ligament -Lateral arcuate ligament -Median arcuate ligament (Fixes the diaphragm to the vertebral column) Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Spinal Levels Action to publis bilateral contraction: exphoid terminal branches of the -flex the trunk linea alba -pulling from insertion superficial & lower 5 intercostal External lateral surfaces of the inguinal ligament unilateral contraction: deep abdominal nerves Obliques lower 8 ribs lateral lip of the -lateral flexion of the trunk wall arteries terminal iliac crest -opposite side trunk rotation branches of the (pulls from insertion on to subcostal nerve origin) * fibers make a "V" - Hoodie pocket muscle  terminal bilateral contraction: branches of the -flex the trunk linea alba lower 5 intercostal -pulling from insertion thoracolumbar fascia inferior border of superficial & nerves unilateral contraction: Internal Obliques iliac crest lower 3-4 ribs deep abdominal terminal -lateral flexion of the trunk inguinal ligament pubic crest wall arteries branches of the -same side trunk rotation pectineal line subcostal nerve (pulls from insertion on the L1 (ilio-inguinal & origin) iliohypogastric) > - (T( terminal branches of the thoracolumbar fascia lower 5 intercostal medial lip of iliac crest linea alba superficial & nerves maintain abdominal tone Tranversus inguinal ligament pubic crest deep abdominal terminal increase intra-abdominal Abdominis costal cartilages of pectineal line wall arteries branches of the pressure lower 6 ribs subcostal nerve L1 (ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastric) > - (T( terminal branches of the superior acting bilaterally & pulling pubic crest costal cartilages of lower 6 intercostal Rectus epigastric artery from insertion pubic tubercle 5 - 7 ribs nerves Abdominis inferior -flex the trunk (opposite) pubic symphysis xiphoid process terminal epigastric artery maintain abdominal tone branches of the subcostal nerve & travels inferior to superior  terminal branches front of pubis inferior epigastric Pyramidalis linea alba of the subcostal tightens linea alba pubic symphysis artery nerve with a fixed pelvis: -bilateral contraction medial inferior aspect lumbar arteries anterior rami of: -extend the trunk Quadratus of 12th rib iliolumbar ligament lumbar branch -subcostal nerve (pulling from insertion) Lumborum transverse processes adjacent iliac crest of iliolumbar -upper 3 or 4 -unilateral contraction: of L1 - L4 artery lumbar nerves -lateral flexion of the trunk (pulling from insertion) fixes 12th rib in place Extrinsic Back Muscles Spinal Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Action Levels may elevate ribs 2 - 5 (may assist with lower ligamentum inhalation then) nuchae upper border of ribs (may) help Serratus spinous processes: 2-5 posterior intercostal anterior rami of T2 - proprioception: would act Posterior T2 - T5 C7 - T3 lateral to the angle arteries, T2 - T5 T5 as a stretch receptor Superior supraspinous of the rib during spinal movements ligaments to detect movement of scapula and vertebral column during flexion  depress ribs 9 - 12 (may assist with inhalation then) spinous processes of (may) prevent elevation T11 - L3 of lower ribs during lower borders of ribs posterior supraspinous diaphragm contraction Serratus 9 - 12 intercostal arteries, anterior rami of T9 - ligaments. T9 - T12 (may) help Posterior Inferior lateral to the angle T9 - T11 T12 thin proprioception: would act of the rib subcostal artery aponeurosis of the as stretch receptors thoracolumbar fascia during spinal flexion and extension (not concerned with scapular movement though) Intrinsic Back Muscles Spinal Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Action Levels bilaterally: lower ligamentum -draw head backward, mastoid process posterior rami of nuchae extending neck Splenius Capitis skull, inferior to middle cervical spinous processes of individually (unilaterally): superior nuchal line nerves C7 - T4 -rotate head to ipsilateral side  together (bilaterally): -extend neck individually (unilaterally): spinous processes of transverse processes posterior rami of Splenius Cervicis -rotate head to ipsilateral T2 - T6 of C1 - C3 lower cervical nerves side (directly acts on neck, indirectly acts on head) iliocostalis common tendon: lumborum: lateral branches of -sacrum -lower 6 or 7 ribs the posterior rami of Iliocostalis -lumbar spinous iliocostalis thoracis: regional spinal (Cervicis, processes -upper 6 ribs nerves: Thoracis, -lower thoracic spinous iliocostalis cervicis: -cervical Lumborum) processes -transverse -thoracic -iliac crest processes of cervical -lumbar Thoracic & lumbar ribs 3 - 12 vertebrae components: Bilaterally: -Control trunk flexion longissimus from an erect posture thoracis: against gravity iliocostalis in thoracic -transverse -Extend thoracic & region processes of T1 - lateral branches of lumbar spine transverse processes T12 the posterior rami of Unilaterally: Longissimus -Laterally flex trunk of lumbar vertebrae -lower 9 or 10 ribs regional spinal (Capitis, Cervicis, -act on ipsilateral transverse processes longissimus cervicis: nerves: Thoracis) basis to rotate the head of thoracic vertebrae -transverse -cervical articular processes of processes of cervical -thoracic Cervical & capitis cervical vertebrae vertebrae components: longissimus capitis -Uncertain functions -mastoid process -May assist in extending & rotating head & neck -Poorly situated to do so  spinous thoracis: lateral branches of -spinous processes spinalis thoracis the posterior rami of Spinalis (Capitis, of T1 - T8 -spinous processes of regional spinal Cervicis, spinalis cervicis & lower thoracic & upper nerves: Thoracis) capitis: lumbar vertebrae -cervical -poorly developed if -thoracic present at all Muscles of Mastication Spinal Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Action Levels elevate the mandible coronoid process of -anterior fibers: upward the mandible pull (adduction) -lateral & medial deep temporal superior to the -posterior fibers: upward & Temporalis surfaces of the deep temporal nerves inferior temporal backward pull (adduction & Muscle condyle arteries -mandibular line retraction) anterior margin of division (V3) participates in side-to-side the ramus -posterior fibers: retraction -down to lower M3 -anterior fibers: adduction  superficial head: -elevate & protract the mandible superficial part: masseteric deep head: -maxillary lateral surface of the branch of masseteric nerve -elevate & retract the Masseter process of the ramus of the maxillary artery -mandibular mandible Muscle zygomatic bone mandible branches of the division (V3) particpate in side-to-side deep part: facial artery motions -zygomatic arch -deep head: adduction -superficial head: adduction & protraction superficial part: -posterior interior surface of maxilla nerve to medial Medial mandibular ramus deep part: pterygoid elevate the mandible Pterygoid (approximately at pterygoid arteries -lateral plate of -mandibular protrudes the mandible? Muscle the mandibular pterygoid division (V3) angle) process (sphenoid bone) upper head: -roof of the TMJ capsule intratemporal nerve to lateral protrudes the mandible Lateral -anterior portion of fossa pterygoid (used for wide open) Pterygoid the articular disc pterygoid arteries lower head: -mandibular assists with abduction of Muscle neck of the -lateral plate of division (V3) mandible mandible the pterygoid process  Anterior Triangle Neck Muscles Spinal Muscle Name Origin Insertion Blood Supply Innervation Action Levels branches of nerve to while swallowing: Stylohyoid styloid process hyoid bone external carotid stylohyoid (CN -elevates hyoid artery VII) -draws hyoid posteriorly anterior belly: -nerve to mylohyoid anterior belly: when mandible is fixed: (mandibular -interior mandible branches of -elevates hyoid hyoid bone division, V3) Digastric posterior belly: external carotid when hyoid is fixed: -via uniting tendon posterior belly: -mastoid notch on artery -lowers mandible (opens -branch of facial mastoid process mouth) nerve (nerve to stylohyoid &/or digastric) (CN VII) nerve to branches of mylohyoid elevates floor of mouth Mylohyoid interior mandible hyoid bone external carotid (mandibular elevates hyoid bone artery division, V3)  with the mandible fixed: anterior ramus of interior mandible branches of -elevates the hyoid bone C1 Geniohyoid -superior to hyoid bone external carotid -draws hyoid forward -via hypoglossal mylohyoid artery with the hyoid fixed: nerve (CN XII) -lowers mandible anterior rami of posterior branches of after swallowing: C1-C3 Sternohyoid sternoclavicular hyoid bone external carotid -depresses the raised -via ansa joint artery hyoid bone cervicalis inferior belly: anterior rami of depresses the raised -superior border intermediate tendon branches of C1-C3 hyoid Omohyoid of the scapula (medial end of external carotid -via ansa -after swallowing superior belly: clavicle) artery cervicalis fixes the hyoid bone -hyoid bone anterior ramus of branches of depresses the hyoid bone C1 Thyrohyoid thyroid cartilage hyoid bone external carotid with the hyoid fixed: -via hypoglossal artery -raises the larynx nerve (CN XII)  anterior rami of branches of manubrium of the C1-C3 draws the elevated larynx Sternothyroid thyroid cartilage external carotid sternum -via ansa down artery cervicalis branches of bilaterally: sternal head: external carotid -draws head forward -manubrium of the sternal head: accessory nerve artery unilaterally: sternum -superior nuchal line (CN XI) Sternocleidomastoid branches of -tilts head to ipsilateral clavicular head clavicular head: anterior rami of thyrocervical trunk shoulder -medial 1/3 of -mastoid process C2-C4 (suprascapular -rotates face upward clavicle artery) -rotates head side-to-side