WWII Review 2021 PDF

WWII Review Isolationism U.S. returns to Isolationism after WW 1 ○ practices neutrality and opposes involvement in military alliances Pearl Harbor ends our Isolationism Rationing (HOMEFRONT) Consuming less food/raw materials so we can send more to the troops. Arsenal of Democracy U.S. h...

WWII Review Isolationism U.S. returns to Isolationism after WW 1 ○ practices neutrality and opposes involvement in military alliances Pearl Harbor ends our Isolationism Rationing (HOMEFRONT) Consuming less food/raw materials so we can send more to the troops. Arsenal of Democracy U.S. has the abundant power/resources to produce weapons to preserve democracy around the globe Victory Gardens Effort to support the war on the homefront Grow your own food so we can send more to the troops Internment/Concentration Camps Created out of resentment/fear of Japanese Americans (after Pearl Harbor) Puts all Japanese Americans (West Coast) in camps during the war Radar New technology developed by OSRD (Office of Scientific Research and Development) Can detect moving objects in the AIR Sonar New technology developed by OSRD (Office of Scientific Research and Development) Can detect moving objects under WATER The Atomic Bomb The US developed and used two atomic bombs in order to end the war with Japan in the Pacific. Treaty of Versailles (Ending WWI) Germany not allowed to build up their military or expand their territory Hitler violates the Treaty by invading Sudetenlad (Czechoslovakia) Dictators Leaders of countries that use brutal tactics to control their citizens and impose power. Ex. Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini Communism Type of government that controls the social, political, and economic functions of a country through common ownership of materials and the absence of social classes. The Soviet Union was one the first examples of this type of government Fascism/Nazism Mussolini and Hitler’s form of government in Italy and Germany Appeasement Reason for failure of League of Nations Give Hitler whatever he wants Munich Conference Blitzkrieg Germany’s aggressive strategy of taking land (Coordinated Air and Land Attacks) Lightning War Island Hopping U.S. Strategy in the Pacific (against the Japanese). U.S. going on the offensive Move from island to island to gain territory Offensive Strategy Battle of Midway is turning point of War in Pacific where we finally go on the offensive Island Hopping The Holocaust The genocide of Jews, among other ethnic groups, by the Nazis during World War II. Taking of Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) - Sept. 1938 In order to appease Hitler, world leaders allowed the German military to take the Sudetenland to expand their manufacturing power after meeting with him at the Munich conference. Invasion of Poland On September 1, 1939, Hitler sent his tanks across the border into Poland, officially starting what would be called World War II. Attack on Pearl Harbor On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese Navy staged a surprise attack on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. This act led the United States to officially declare war on Japan and enter World War II. Bataan Death March - April 1942 American prisoners in the Philippines were forced to march 60 miles over mountainous terrain along the Bataan Peninsula. Of the 5,000 prisoners, nearly half died along the route. Battle of Midway (Turning Point in the Pacific) Major naval battle in the Pacific from June 4-7, 1942. American victory leads the US to become offensive in its strategy of island hopping in the Pacific. Invasion of Normandy (D-Day) On June 6, 1944, allied forces invaded the beaches of Northern France in order to gain a foothold in Europe. This eventually served as the turning point in the war in Europe, despite massive casualties. The operation was planned by General Dwight Eisenhower, with General Omar Bradley commanding the troops on the ground. Dropping the Atomic Bomb President Truman made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan in order to: 1. Save American lives. 2. Bring about the end of the war quickly. Creation of the United Nations Founded in 1945 after WWII Maintains peace keeping troops to use force when necessary Replaced the ineffective League of Nations Atlantic Charter 1941- FDR meets with British Prime Minister WINSTON CHURCHILL- together they sign the ATLANTIC CHARTER- says that both countries sought NO territorial gain, want freedom of the seas, and an end to war Lend-Lease Act In 1941, FDR issued the LEND-LEASE ACT, which would lease or lend war supplies to any country whose defense protected the USA. Executive Order 9066 Requires Japanese Americans to Relocate to designated internment camps where they lived in primitive and crowded conditions. Korematsu v. United States Supreme Court upheld Roosevelt’s Executive Order 9066 due to the fact that civil liberties can be violated in a time of war. Executive Order 8802 Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry. It was the first federal action, though not a law, to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United States. Office of War Information created pro-allied propaganda- controlled the content/images of war messages. Used the radio, movies, posters Only allowed support of the war Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) The (OSRD) Office of Scientific Research and Development’s purpose was to create successful U.S. technology in WWII. It primarily focused on more accurate bombs. Franklin D. Roosevelt President during majority of WWII Lend-Lease and Cash-and-Carry Harry S. Truman Takes over as President toward end of war after FDR dies. Decides to drop atomic bombs on Japan to… 1. Save American Lives 2. End the War Quickly Adolf Hitler Brutal dictator that rises to power in Germany. Leader of Nazi Party His “Final Solution” (AKA the Holocaust) leads to over 6 million Jews murdered in concentration camps. Commits suicide before he’s captured by allied troops Joseph Stalin (USSR) Brutal dictator of Soviet Union Form of government is Communism Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Allied Commander of Allied troops in Europe Commander of D-Day Future U.S. President Douglas MacArthur Leader of U.S. troops in the Pacific front (fighting the Japanese) Chester Nimitz Leader of U.S. Navy in the Pacific Battle of Midway George Patton Revolutionary U.S. TANK COMMANDER in N. Africa. Later helps rescue the 101st Airborne at the Battle of the Bulge. Omar Bradley Served as the Allied commander on the beaches of Normandy during the D-Day invasion. He was also the commander of the forces at the Battle of the Bulge. Flying Tigers Volunteer fighter pilots who protected Chinese manufacturing from Japanese attacks Tuskegee Airmen African American pilots who were escorts for bombing missions. Very effective in their job Their bravery helps people be more open to integrating the armed forces Vernon Baker One of first African Americans to see combat in WWII Receives Medal of Honor 52 years later His bravery helps people be more open to integrating the armed forces Albert Einstein Famous scientist who warns FDR that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon “Rosie the Riveter” Fictional character that represented the strength of women entering the industrial workforce as men left to fight overseas in the war.