2025 Interwar Years - Aftermath of the Great War Review PDF

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TOPIC: The Interwar Years | **DATE:** | | (1918-1939)** | | +===================================+===================================+ | EQ...

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **TOPIC: The Interwar Years | **DATE:** | | (1918-1939)** | | +===================================+===================================+ | EQ: What was the aftermath of the | | | Great War and why did this set | | | the scene for WWII? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | +---------+---------+---------+ | | | | **Milit | **Terri | **Econo | | | | | ary** | tory** | mic | | | | | | | and | | | | | | | Guilt** | | | | +=========+=========+=========+ | | | | - Arm | - Als | - Rep | | | | | y | ace | aration | | | | | lim | and | s | | | | | ited | Lor | to | | | | | to | raine | be | | | | | 100 | -- | pai | | | | | 000 | giv | d | | | | | men | en | to | | | | | | to | the | | | | | - Com | Fra | vic | | | | | pulsory | nce | tors | | | | | ser | | and | | | | | vice | - Saa | 'vi | | | | | ban | r | ctims', | | | | | ned | -- | num | | | | | | Fre | ber | | | | | - No | nch | not | | | | | air | con | set | | | | | for | trol | unt | | | | | ce, | und | il | | | | | tan | er | 192 | | | | | ks, | Lea | 1 | | | | | hea | gue | | | | | | vy | of | - Saa | | | | | art | Nat | r | | | | | illery | ions | res | | | | | or | | ources | | | | | sub | - 'Po | wou | | | | | marines | lish | ld | | | | | | Cor | hel | | | | | - Lim | ridor' | p | | | | | ited | -- | pay | | | | | nav | lan | rep | | | | | y, | d | aration | | | | | onl | giv | s | | | | | y | en | | | | | | 6 | to | - War | | | | | bat | Pol | Gui | | | | | tle | and | lt: | | | | | shi | | Cla | | | | | ps | - Dan | use | | | | | | zig | 231 | | | | | - Dem | -- | | | | | | ilitari | Lea | | | | | | sed | gue | | | | | | Rhi | of | | | | | | neland | Nat | | | | | | | ions | | | | | | - Mil | to | | | | | | itary | con | | | | | | sch | trol | | | | | | ools | on | | | | | | clo | beh | | | | | | sed | alf | | | | | | | of | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | Pol | | | | | | | ish | | | | | | | (se | | | | | | | a | | | | | | | por | | | | | | | t) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oth | | | | | | | er | | | | | | | ass | | | | | | | t | | | | | | | lan | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | con | | | | | | | fiscate | | | | | | | d | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Col | | | | | | | onies | | | | | | | tak | | | | | | | en | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ans | | | | | | | chluss | | | | | | | for | | | | | | | bidden | | | | | | | wit | | | | | | | h | | | | | | | Aus | | | | | | | tria | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | The text below comes from: | | | | | | Walsh B. (N/D), 'The Treaty of | | | Versailles', National Archives. | | | Available from: | | | \ | | | \[Accessed 6/2/21\]. | | | | | | **How did Britain react to the | | | Treaty?** | | | | | | When the Treaty terms were | | | announced in June 1919, there was | | | a mixed reaction. The general | | | opinion in Britain was that the | | | terms were fair and should | | | probably have been more severe. | | | British newspapers suggested that | | | Germany would no longer threaten | | | world peace. Any complaints by | | | the Germans were dismissed as | | | trickery and play-acting. When | | | Prime Minister David Lloyd George | | | returned from Paris in June 1919, | | | he received a hero\'s welcome. | | | The king came out to meet him at | | | the railway station, which was | | | completely unheard of in British | | | history. | | | | | | **How did France react to the | | | Treaty?** | | | | | | Reactions in France were mixed. | | | There were celebrations that the | | | war was definitely over. People | | | approved of the reparations that | | | Germany had to pay. They also | | | liked the fact that Germany\'s | | | borders with France (the | | | Rhineland) would be | | | demilitarised. This meant Germany | | | could not station any troops in | | | this area. They appreciated that | | | the coalmines of the Saar would | | | bring prosperity to France | | | instead of Germany. They also | | | believed that the League of | | | Nations would be a powerful force | | | for peace. It would protect | | | France if Germany recovered and | | | tried to act aggressively again. | | | | | | However, there was a strong sense | | | that Germany still threatened | | | France. Many French people looked | | | at the terrible cost of the war | | | and believed that France had | | | suffered far more than Germany. | | | Soon after the Treaty, Clemenceau | | | stood for election as President | | | of France. He was outraged when | | | other candidates stood against | | | him. It was then that he realised | | | how bitter many people were about | | | the Treaty. | | | | | | **How did the US react to the | | | Treaty?** | | | | | | In the USA reactions to the | | | Treaty were generally negative. | | | Many Americans felt that the | | | Treaty was unfair on Germany. | | | More importantly, they felt that | | | Britain and France were making | | | themselves rich at Germany\'s | | | expense and that the USA should | | | not be helping them to do this. | | | This was not really the case, but | | | many Americans believed it. | | | | | | This was partly because American | | | politics were deeply divided at | | | the time. President Wilson led | | | the Democratic Party. However, | | | his rivals in the Republican | | | Party dominated the US Congress. | | | They used the Treaty as an | | | opportunity to criticise Wilson. | | | Wilson has to take some of the | | | blame for this as he made little | | | effort to consult the Republicans | | | about the Treaty. Americans were | | | also uneasy about Wilson\'s | | | scheme for a League of Nations. | | | They were concerned that | | | belonging to the League would | | | drag the USA into international | | | disputes that were not their | | | concern. In the end, the Congress | | | rejected the Treaty of Versailles | | | and the League of Nations. | | | | | | **How did Germany react to the | | | Treaty?** | | | | | | Reactions to the Treaty in | | | Germany were very negative. There | | | were protests in the German | | | Reichstag (Parliament) and out on | | | the streets. It is not hard to | | | see why Germans were outraged. | | | Germany lost 10% of its land, all | | | its overseas colonies, 12.5% of | | | its population, 16% of its coal | | | and 48% of its iron industry. | | | There were also the humiliating | | | terms, which made Germany accept | | | blame for the war, limit their | | | armed forces and pay reparations. | | | | | | **What do historians think of the | | | Treaty?** | | | | | | Much criticism has been made of | | | the Treaty because it was too | | | harsh on Germany. On the other | | | hand, historians have pointed out | | | that Germany could have been | | | treated a lot more harshly for | | | several reasons: | | | | | | - - - - - - - | | | | | | Some historians believe that the | | | peacemakers did the best job they | | | could, given the difficult | | | circumstances they were in. Other | | | historians believe the Treaty was | | | a disastrous half measure. It | | | damaged Germany enough to cause | | | resentment. However, it left | | | Germany strong enough to seek | | | revenge. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | SUMMARY: | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+