English Language Course (Part 4, 5, 6, 7)

# English language course ## By: Dr/ Marwa Badr ## Part (4+5+6+7) ### Topics: 1. Writing skills definition 2. Writing stages 3. Writing strategies/ techniques 4. Types of writing 5. Structure of writing 6. Types of paragraphs # Writing skills definition ## Writing skills: - Specifics abilities whic...

# English language course ## By: Dr/ Marwa Badr ## Part (4+5+6+7) ### Topics: 1. Writing skills definition 2. Writing stages 3. Writing strategies/ techniques 4. Types of writing 5. Structure of writing 6. Types of paragraphs # Writing skills definition ## Writing skills: - Specifics abilities which help writers put their thoughts into words in a meaningful form and to mentally interact with the message. - Are the abilities used to clearly communicate ideas through writing in various forms. - Writing skills are important because they allow people to get a point across without being physically present. # Having strong skills in writing requires understanding the five major elements of writing, which are: 1. **Purpose**: the purpose of your writing is the main idea(s) you want the reader to take away. In most professional writing, you directly state the purpose in the first sentence or two. 2. **Audience**: your audience typically includes the readers you want to read the piece, and in some cases, you may consider a general audience who may come across your piece as part of your secondary audience. 3. **Clarity**: clarity is how easily and accurately readers can understand your purpose and the supporting features of your piece. 4. **Unity**: unity addresses whether every segment of the piece at the word-level, sentence-level, paragraph-level and section-level all relate to one another and emphasizes or supports the purpose. 5. **Coherence**: a coherent piece is one that is well-organized on every level, where the ideas expressed in the piece relate and each segment leads the reader to the next segment. # Stages of writing paragraph ## Stage 1: Prewriting Paragraphs: What is the prewriting stage? The prewriting stage is when you think carefully and organize your ideas for your paragraph before you begin writing. Six Prewriting Steps: 1. Think carefully about what you are going to write. 2. Open your notebook 3. Collect facts related to your paragraph or essay topic 4. Write down your own ideas. 5. Find the main idea of your paragraph or essay 6. Organize your facts and ideas in a way that develops your main idea ## Stage 2: Writing paragraphs The writing stage is when you turn your ideas into sentences. Four Writing Steps: 1. Write the topic sentence, supporting sentences, and closing sentence. 2. Write clear and simple sentences to express your meaning. 3. Focus on the main idea of your paragraph. 4. Use the dictionary to help you Find additional words to express your ideas. ## Stage 3: Editing Paragraphs: The editing stage is when you check your paragraph for mistakes and correct them. ### A- Grammar and Spelling. 1. Check your spelling. 2. Check your grammar. 3. Read your essay again. 4. Make sure each sentence has a subject. 5. See if your subjects and verbs agree with each other. 6. Check the verb tenses of each sentence. 7. Make sure that each sentence makes sense. ### B- Style and Organization 1. Make sure your paragraph has a topic sentence. 2. Make sure your supporting sentences focus on the main idea. 3. Make sure you have a closing sentence. 4. Check that all your sentences focus on the main idea. 5. See if your paragraph is interesting. ### C-Punctuation marks: Punctuation marks are essential when you are writing. They show the reader where sentences start and finish and if they are used properly they make your writing easy to understand. # Writing strategies Here are 8 writing strategies to help you write more effectively: 1. Don't Write Continuously for Hours on the End 2. Read, Read, Read! 3. Identify Your Target Audience 4. Try Rapid Outlining 5. Ask 5 "Whys" to Come Up with a Topic 6. Keep It Simple and Direct 7. Select Powerful Verbs 8. Proofread, Revise, and Edit