English 10 Reviewer: Pronouns, Public Speaking, Kinds of Essay - PDF

**ENGLISH 10 REVIEWER** **(QUARTER 3)** **I -- PRONOUNS** - used to [rename], [refer to], and [stand in for Nouns] **1. Personal Pronoun** - the type of pronoun a person uses to identify themselves, people being spoken to, and people being spoken about - First person - I, my, min...

**ENGLISH 10 REVIEWER** **(QUARTER 3)** **I -- PRONOUNS** - used to [rename], [refer to], and [stand in for Nouns] **1. Personal Pronoun** - the type of pronoun a person uses to identify themselves, people being spoken to, and people being spoken about - First person - I, my, mine, me, we, our, ours, us - Second person - you, your, yours - Third person - he, his, him, she, her, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them **2. Impersonal Pronoun (it)** - describes or stands for a thing or verb or any nonliving thing but not for a person, or in case of undetermined gender, like for an insect or animal. **3. Reflexive Pronoun (-self/-selves)** - it refers to the previous noun in the sentence, and often used when the subject and the object of a verb are the same - EXAMPLE: Patricia bought [herself] a brand-new laptop for her research. **4. Intensive Pronoun (-self/-selves)** - adds emphasis to the preceding noun or pronoun in the sentence - EXAMPLE: The coach [herself] congratulated the athletes for winning the competition. **5. Interrogative Pronoun** - asks a question, such as who, which, what, whom, whoever, or whichever **6. Relative Pronoun** - highlights another noun in the sentence, which is called an antecedent (noun/noun phrase) - at the beginning of adjective clause that help the relative pronoun describe the antecedent - EXAMPLE: My phone, [which] I bought five years ago, is no longer working. **7. Demonstrative Pronoun (This/That, These/Those)** - gives information about the relative closeness (literal or figurative) of the things they refer to - EXAMPLE: [This] was the bag I used when I went out of town with friends. **8. Indefinite Pronoun** - it refers to an unspecified person or thing - formed using some combination of some-, any-, every-, no-, -thing, -one, -where, or -body - EXAMPLE: Try to think of [somewhere] nice to go for dinner. **II -- PUBLIC SPEAKING** - a presentation that is given live in front of an audience that can cover a wide variety of different topics - the goal is to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners **1. Impromptu Speaking** - on the spot, without any prior preparation or notes **2. Extemporaneous Speaking** - It is when you have some time to prepare for a speech, but you do not have a written script or memorized words. **Effective Techniques (Spencer, 2018):** - Care About Your Topic - Remember Your Speaking Goal - Support Your Main Points - Use Presentation Tools Wisely - Use a Professional Template - Practice Your Speech - Relax! - Pace Yourself - Add Visual Aids - Dress Comfortably, But Professionally - Avoid Awkward Fillers \"Um,\" \"uh,\" \"like." - Use Gestures (But Don\'t Overdo) - Allow a Q & A **III -- KINDS OF ESSAY** **1. Expository Essay** - educates others on a certain topic, that typically answers one of the five WH-questions: who, what, where, when, why, and how - EXAMPLE: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **The Benefits of Regular Exercise** | | | | Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining both physical and mental | | health. It helps to improve cardiovascular health by increasing blood | | circulation, strengthening the heart, and reducing the risk of | | diseases like heart disease and stroke. | | | | Exercise is essential for weight management as it burns calories and | | increases metabolism. It also promotes better sleep, which can lead | | to improved mood and higher energy levels. Beyond physical health, | | regular exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms of anxiety and | | depression by releasing endorphins, the body's natural mood | | elevators. | | | | In conclusion, incorporating exercise into daily life can greatly | | enhance both physical and mental well-being. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **2. Persuasive Essay** - attempts to convince the readers to agree with the writer, by using emotions, personal ideas, or logical facts - EXAMPLE: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Public Transportation Should Be Free** | | | | Public transportation should be made free for all citizens. | | | | First, free public transportation would help reduce traffic | | congestion in urban areas. With fewer cars on the road, there would | | be less pollution, leading to cleaner air and a healthier | | environment. | | | | Second, free public transportation would make it easier for people | | who cannot afford a car or who face financial struggles to access | | jobs, healthcare, and education. This would increase opportunities | | for economic mobility and social inclusion. | | | | Finally, free transportation encourages more people to use | | sustainable options, which helps fight climate change. | | | | In conclusion, offering free public transportation benefits society | | as a whole by reducing traffic, promoting equal opportunities, and | | supporting environmental sustainability. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **3. Argumentative Essay** - makes the readers accept the writer's idea on a controversial topic as true, by using statistics, facts and figures, and etc. - EXAMPLE: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished?** | | | | The death penalty has long been a contentious issue. Those in favor | | argue that it serves as a deterrent to serious crimes, ensuring | | justice for victims and their families. They believe that individuals | | who commit heinous crimes should face the ultimate punishment. | | | | However, opponents of the death penalty argue that it is an inhumane | | practice that does not effectively deter crime. Studies have shown | | that countries without the death penalty have lower crime rates. | | | | Additionally, the risk of executing an innocent person, combined with | | the potential for racial and economic biases in sentencing, makes the | | death penalty problematic. | | | | In conclusion, the death penalty should be abolished, as its flaws | | outweigh any perceived benefits. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ **IV -- CRITIQUING: LITERARY APPROACHES** - It is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a work or concept. - It is the comparison, analysis, interpretation, and/or evaluation of works of literature, that is essentially an opinion, supported by evidence, relating to the theme, style, setting or historical or political context. - **NOTE: YOU MAY USE ANY LITERARY APPROACH IN ANY LITERARY PIECE, BUT ONLY HAVE ONE FOCUS (approach) WHEN CRITIQUING.** **1. Formalism** - analyzes the structure of a text without looking at 'outside' factors such as the author, historical & cultural background **2. Feminism** - a social, political, and cultural movement that advocated for gender equality, focusing on changing the societal structure, practices, and norms that contribute to the oppression of women **3. Marxism** - focuses on the idea that society's history is primarily driven by class struggle **4. Historical** - focuses on the connection of work to the historical period in which it was written, and it attempts to connect the historical background of the work to specific aspects of the work **5. Moralistic** - judges the value of the literature based on its moral lesson or ethical teachings **6. Reader-response** - emphasizes the role of the reader in interpreting and creating meaning from a text