History Of Histology - Part 1 PDF

**History of Histology** **Part I** **Prof. Dr. Cristian Bârsu** Please note: the property rights on this teaching material belong exclusively to Prof. Dr Cristian Bârsu. The distribution in whole or in part, as well as the use of data in works, books, etc., without the consent of the author and...

**History of Histology** **Part I** **Prof. Dr. Cristian Bârsu** Please note: the property rights on this teaching material belong exclusively to Prof. Dr Cristian Bârsu. The distribution in whole or in part, as well as the use of data in works, books, etc., without the consent of the author and without being quoted is strictly prohibited! The old name for histology was microscopic anatomy. Microscopic anatomy took shape in the 17th century, after: \- the invention of the monocular optical microscope \- the accumulation and deepening of anatomical knowledge. This progress was based on: \- the development of astronomy, made by Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) and by Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) \- the invention of telescopes, based on magnifying lenses. From the point of view of the evolution of technology: \- the magnifying glass was discovered in the 14th century and is the basis for the manufacture of a converging lens, which allowed to expand the anatomical knowledge about the organs \- the coupling of 2 lenses (eyepiece and objective) took place in the 17th century and was attributed to Galileo or to the Dutch manufacturers of glasses Hans Jansen and his son Zacharias Jansen (1580 - 1638). The most famous histologists at the beginning of this branch of medicine were: **François Xavier Marie Bichat (1771-1802)** \- is considered the founder of histology as a science, because: \- discovered the fabrics \- created the name TISSUE \- classify them into 21 types: bone, cartilaginous, fibrous, mucous, serous, synovial, etc. \- he considered that the seat of pathological processes was in the tissues \- he was clinician, professor of anatomy and surgery \- he described the adipose tissue of the cheek (the buccal fat pad), called - in his honor - „Bichatʼs fat pad" \- he studied the synovial membranes and the meningeal leaves \- Bichat wrote in 1800 the \"Treaty of membranes\". **Robert Hooke (1635-1703)** \- he built microscopes \- studied microscopy on plants \- was the first to introduce the name CELL \- wrote the book called \"Micrography\" (1665). **Anthony von Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723)** \- he was a shopkeeper and glass polisher \- built lenses and microscopes that magnified the image 200 times \- he sent 112 letters to the Royal Science Society in London, containing his descriptions, starting with bee\'s wing, flea and mosquito bite, animal hair, etc. \- described the following structures in humans: red blood cells, hair, neurofibrils, striated muscle fibres, sperm, etc. **Johann Conrad Brunner (c.1653 - 1727)** \- was an anatomist \- discovered the mucous glands of the duodenum (in 1686), which later received its name (Brunner\'s glands). **Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)** \- he built microscopes \- discovered the capillaries, studying the blood circulation in the lung of the frog \- described the microscopic structures: of the skin (in particular the epidermis and the prickly layer was named - in his honor - Malpighi \" tongue - the taste buds are named after him of the lung, calling the alveoli of the lungs - \"air sacs\" of the spleen: the white lymphoid sheaths have been named - in his honor - \"Malpighian sheaths\" kidneys - in particular the renal glomerulus, later called \"Malpighi glomerulus\" and the urinary tubes in the renal pyramids, which were named - in his honor - \"the Malpighi pyramids\" **Régnier de Graaf (1641 - 1673)** \- described the tertiary follicle of the ovary, which in his honor was named \"De Graaf\'s follicle\" \- described the efferent testicular tubules.