Emptech reviewer.pdf

Digital Citizenship - Definition: Responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the internet, and digital devices to engage with society. - Importance: Promotes safe, secure, and effective participation in the digital world. - Good Digital Citizen: Engages with others, shows empathy,...

Digital Citizenship - Definition: Responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the internet, and digital devices to engage with society. - Importance: Promotes safe, secure, and effective participation in the digital world. - Good Digital Citizen: Engages with others, shows empathy, and builds lasting relationships through digital tools. - Bad Digital Citizen: Exhibits cyberbullying, irresponsible social media usage, and a lack of knowledge about safe internet use. 3. Netiquette - Definition: A combination of "net" and "etiquette," representing respectful and proper online behavior. - Key Principles: - Calm and Open-Minded: Approach conversations with a calm demeanor and consider diverse perspectives. - Focused on Ideas: Separate personal judgments from the content of discussions. - Active Listening: Aim to understand the speaker's ideas, experiences, and emotions. 4. Employee Netiquette - Stay on Target - Speak Without Conflict: - Text Matters: Use proper grammar and capitalization to convey the intended tone. - Read First, Then Ask: Before asking a question, thoroughly read previous discussions. - Avoid Malicious Content: Refrain from posting offensive or discrediting comments or reviews. - Be Respectful: Respect everyone's opinions, even if you disagree. - Think Before Posting Pictures: Avoid posting unprofessional pictures of yourself or colleagues. - Don't Reveal Company Secrets: Protect confidential information, such as data, competitive advantages, and intellectual property. 5. Key Takeaways - Digital citizenship is essential: It fosters a positive and responsible online environment. - Netiquette is crucial: It promotes respectful and effective communication online. - Employee netiquette is vital: Maintaining professional conduct in online interactions is crucial for a positive work environment. Basic concept of computers What is a Computer? - Definition: An electronic device that manipulates information (data). It can store, retrieve, and process data. 2. Hardware vs. Software - Hardware: Physical parts of a computer, like the keyboard, mouse, and internal components. - Software: Set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. 3. Types of Computers - Desktop: Designed for desk use, typically with a case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. - Laptop: Portable computer with a built-in keyboard and screen. - Tablet: Handheld computer with a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. - Server: Computer that provides information to other computers on a network. - Smartphone: Cellphone with computer-like capabilities, such as internet browsing and gaming. - Wearables: Devices worn on the body, like fitness trackers and smartwatches. - Game Console: Specialized computer for playing video games on a TV. - Television: Modern TVs with apps for accessing online content. 4. Basic Parts of a Computer - Computer Case (System Unit): Contains the motherboard, CPU, and power supply. - Monitor: Displays images and text on the screen. - Keyboard: Used to input text and commands. - Mouse: Pointing device for interacting with the computer screen. - Power Cord: Supplies electricity to the computer. 5. Monitor Types - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Newer, thinner monitors with flat-panel displays. - LED (Light-Emitting Diode): Similar to LCD but with better color accuracy. - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube): Older, larger, and heavier monitors. 6. Mouse Types - Optical Mouse: Uses an electronic eye to detect movement. - Mechanical Mouse: Uses a rolling ball to detect movement. - Touchpad: Touch-sensitive pad for controlling the pointer on laptops. Key Definitions for Exam Preparation: - Computer: An electronic device that manipulates data. - Hardware: Physical parts of a computer. - Software: Instructions that tell hardware what to do. - Desktop: A computer designed for desk use. - Laptop: A portable computer. - Tablet: A handheld computer with a touch screen. - Server: A computer that provides information to other computers. - Monitor: Displays images and text on the screen. - Keyboard: Used to input text and commands. - Mouse: Pointing device for interacting with the computer screen. COMPUTER HARDWARE 1. Front View of a System Unit - Optical Disc Drive: Reads CDs and DVDs (often called CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive). - Power Button: Turns the computer on (use the shutdown function to turn it off). - Audio In/Audio Out: Allows easy connection of speakers, microphones, and headphones. - USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port: Connects various devices like mice, keyboards, printers, and cameras. 2. Back View of a System Unit - Power Socket: Connects the computer's power cord. - Ethernet Port: Used for networking or connecting to the internet. - Serial Port: A legacy port, often replaced by USB. - PS/2 Port: Another legacy port, used to connect a keyboard (violet port) and mouse (green port). - Expansion Slots: Allow adding expansion cards for features like Wi-Fi or graphics cards. - Parallel Port: A legacy port, replaced by USB, commonly used for printers. 3. Inside the System Unit - Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all the computer's components. - CPU (Central Processing Unit): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for processing data. - RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory that stores frequently accessed data and programs. - Storage: Stores data (HDD - Hard Disk Drive or SSD - Solid State Drive). - PSU (Power Supply Unit): Converts power from the wall outlet into a form usable by computer parts. - GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Generates high-end visuals for tasks like video games. 4. HDD vs. SSD - HDD: Uses a spinning disk to store data, read by a mechanical arm (cheaper but slower, becoming obsolete). - SSD: Uses flash memory (similar to memory cards), faster than HDDs due to no moving parts. 5. Recap - Components inside the system unit: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, Storage (HDD/SSD), GPU, PSU. - Front of computer case: CD/DVD ROM, Power Button, Audio In/Audio Out, USB ports. - Back of computer case: Power Socket, Ethernet Port, Serial Port, PS/2 Ports, Expansion Slots, Parallel Port. Key Definitions: - Optical Disc Drive: Reads CDs and DVDs. - USB Port: Connects various devices. - Ethernet Port: Connects to a network or the internet. - Motherboard: The main circuit board. - CPU: The "brain" of the computer. - RAM: Volatile memory for storing data and programs. - HDD: Hard Disk Drive, uses a spinning disk for storage. - SSD: Solid State Drive, uses flash memory for storage. Computer Software Key Definitions: - Software: Computer programs that tell the computer what to do. - System Software: Controls the computer's hardware and provides a platform for application software. Examples: Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux), Utility Software (antivirus, backup), Device Drivers. - Application Software: Programs that fulfill specific user tasks. Examples: Web Browsers (Chrome, Firefox), Word Processing Software (MS Word), Spreadsheet Software (MS Excel), Presentation Software (PowerPoint), Gaming Software, Database Software, Graphics Software. Key Differences: - System Software: Works in the background, written in low-level language, installed automatically. - Application Software: Requires user interaction, written in high-level language, installed manually. Key Takeaways: - System software is the foundation for application software. - Application software fulfills specific user needs.