Geologic Timescale PDF

**GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE** **EON** - **ERA** - **EPOCH** - **PERIOD** - **PRECAMBRIAN EON** - **Hadean Eon (4.6 Billion Years ago)** - **Archean Eon (4 Billion Years ago)** - **Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Billion Years ago)** - **PHANEROZOIC EON** - **PALEOZOIC ERA...

**GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE** **EON** - **ERA** - **EPOCH** - **PERIOD** - **PRECAMBRIAN EON** - **Hadean Eon (4.6 Billion Years ago)** - **Archean Eon (4 Billion Years ago)** - **Proterozoic Eon (2.5 Billion Years ago)** - **PHANEROZOIC EON** - **PALEOZOIC ERA** - - - - - - - **Animals in Paleozoic Era** **\>** Cockroaches **\>** Jawed Fish **\>** Trilobites **\>** Jawless Fish **\>** Diadectes **\>** Ichthyostega **PHANEROZOIC EON** **Paleozoic Era (544 Million Years Ago)** - **Mesozoic Era (245 Million Years Ago)** - - - - **Cenozoic Era (65 Million Years ago - Now** - - - - - - - **THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF LIFE** **THEORIES ABOUT THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE** **THEORY OF SPECIAL CREATION** **\>** HINDU CHRISTIAN ISLAM **\> HINDUISM -** "Lord Brahma" created the living world in one stroke **\> CHRISTIAN AND ISLAM** God created this universe in 6 days. \> Earth, Space, Time & Light \> Atmosphere \> Dry Land and Plants \> Sun, Moon, and Stars \> Sea and Flying Creatures \> Land, Animals, and Man **THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION** - - - - **THEORY OF PANSPERMIA** - - **THEORY OF BIOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION** - - - - **GEOLOGIC STRESS: FOLDING AND FAULTING OF ROCKS** **\> Stress -** It is a ***force*** per unit area in a rock. **\> Strain - *Deformation*** (change in shape) in a rock **\> Faulting -** a kind of strain where ***rocks break*** **THREE MAIN TYPES OF FAULTS** - - - **\> FOLDING** - *[bend, curve and crumple]* **TYPES OF FOLDING (MASOR)** - - - - - **TYPES OF ROCK STRESS** - - - **1, ELASTIC STRAIN/ DEFORMATION** **\>** It is ***reversible***. The rock **[returns to its original shape]** when the stress is removed. **2. DUCTILE STRAIN/ PLASTIC DEFORMATION** **\>** It is ***irreversible***. The rock ***does not return to its original shape*** when the stress is removed. **3. FRACTURE ("Rupture")** **\>** It also called rupture. The ***rock breaks into distinct pieces.*** **HAZARD** - **RISK** - **DIFFERENT EARTH PROCESSES** - - - **\> GEOLOGIC PROCESSES** - TYPES OF GEOLOGIC PROCESSES **EARTHQUAKE** ° HAZARDS CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE **\>** Tsunami **\>** Liquefaction (soil softening, from solid, and gas to liquid) **\>** Landslide **\>** Ground Shaking **\>** Surface Faulting (ground breaks open due to an earthquake) **VOLCANIC ERUPTION** ° HAZARD CAUSED BY VOLCANIC ERUPTION **\>** Pyroclastic Phenomena (mixture of rock fragments, gas, and ash that travels rapidly) **\>** Lava **\>** Lahar (volcanic mudflow) **\> PACIFIC RING OF FIRE** - **HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PROCESS** - **HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD** **1, TROPICAL CYCLONE** - **\> PAGASA** - PHILIPPINE ATMOSPHERIC, GEOPHYSICAL AND **ASTRONOMICAL SERVICES** **ADMINISTRATION** **2. MONSOON** - **\> NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)** - **\> SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)** - **3. FLOOD** - - - - **4. TORNADO ("IPO IPO")** - At least **20 typhoons** visits Philippines every year. **MARINE AND COASTAL PROCESSES** **COAST**- the land next to or close to the sea **MARINE**- the sea or ocean **MARINE AND COASTAL PROCESSES** - **TIDES** - There are **7,641 Islands** in the Philippines **WAVES** - - **SEA LEVEL RISES** - ***glaciers and iceberg.*** **CRUSTAL MOVEMENT** - **STORM SURGE** - **HAZARDS CAUSED BY MARINE AND COASTAL PROCESSES** **COASTAL EROSION** - **SALT WATER INTRUSION** - **SUBMERSION** - **WAYS AND STEP TO SAFETY** **DISASTER PREPAREDNESS** - **1. Creating and Rehearsing Emergency Plan**(studying the possible safe route) **2. Preparing Emergency Kit** **3. Conducting Trainings** **DISASTER RESPONSE** -