Geologic Time Scale PDF - Philippine Science High School

Philippine Science High School Earth Science Learning Guide Guide Code: 11.0 Earth’s Geologic History Lesson Code: 11.2 Geologic Time Scale Time Limit 30 min TARGET...

Philippine Science High School Earth Science Learning Guide Guide Code: 11.0 Earth’s Geologic History Lesson Code: 11.2 Geologic Time Scale Time Limit 30 min TARGET Learning where to get the information is quite a basic. You are now stepping up to scrutinizing what you have gathered. After completing this module, you are expected to: a. Describe major events in Earth's history using the Geologic Time Scale b. Identify the parts of the geologic time scale; and c. Relate the concepts of relative dating and unconformity to the creation of the GTS. HOOK What era marked the first dinosaur appearance? What period marked the extinction of dinosaurs? IGNITE The Geologic Time Scale The geologic time scale was created to distinguish earth’s history in a systematic manner. It was first established by western geologists in the 19th century, using only the principles of relative dating. The time scale subdivides the 4.55-billion-year history of the earth into different clusters and classification to provide a more detailed manner in understanding the events that happened in the geologic past. Mainly, it is subdivided into the following: a. Eon – biggest time expanse (e.g. Precambrian) b. Era – subdivisions of an eon (e.g. Cenozoic era) c. Periods – subdivisions of an era (e.g. Jurassic period) ©Lutgens and Tarbuck d. Epoch – subdivisions of a period (e.g. Holocene epoch) Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 1 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  The divisions are mainly based on the biological, environmental, and stratigraphic conditions that exist during a specific time frame. Fossils, which are remains of organisms, are used in conjunction with rock layers, climate data, and other data to establish what has happened in the Earth’s history. Major Geological and Biological Events EVENT TIME SCALE Earth’s Formation 4.55 billion years ago First single-cell organism 4.00 – 3.50 billion years ago, Archean Eon Figure 2.0. Prokaryotic Cell Source: "File: Features of a prokaryotic cell (unannotated).jpg" by CNX OpenStax is licensed with CC BY-SA 4.0. First evidence of Plate Tectonics 3.00 billion years ago, Archean Eon - First evidence of plate motion, when earth was cold enough to create geologic formations associated with plate tectonics. First multi-cellular organisms 1.00 billion years ago, Proterozoic - Appearance of the first multi-cellular organism, Eon evolving from single-cell organisms. Figure 3.0. Eukaryotic Cell Ancestor Source: "LECA - last eukaryotic common ancestor" by AJC1 is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 2 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Snowball Earth 850 – 635 million years ago, - Earth was covered in ice from pole to equator Proterozoic Eon during this time. Cambrian Explosion 535 million years ago, Cambrian - Appearance of major animal groups occurred in Period this period Figure 4.0. A fossil of Trilobite - appeared during the Cambrian period Source: "trilobite" by kevinzim is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0 Ordovician extinction 460 – 430 million years ago, - A mass extinction happened marking the end of Ordovician – Silurian Period the Ordovician and beginning of the Silurian. The extinction was due to the massive glaciation occurring during that time. Appearance of early amphibian ancestors 375 million years ago, Devonian - Fish started to walk on land, and later on they Period developed limbs to increase their mobility in the more rugged terrain. This would soon give way to the appearance of the first amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Figure 5.0. A fossil of Tiktaalik – early amphibian ancestor Source: "Tiktaalik" by brianbrarian is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 3 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Domination of Reptiles 320 million years ago, Carboniferous - Reptiles became the dominant species on land, Period associated with hard, scaly outer skin, and laid eggs with sturdy shells. Figure 6.0. A Dimetrodon fossil – a reptile-like organism Source: "Dimetrodon grandis at the Evolving Planet exhibit at the Field Museum" by Dallas Krentzel is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Pangaea 300 million years ago, Carboniferous - When earth cooled down, large mass of Period continents continued to separate and collide with each other. The most famous supercontinent is Pangaea, which was formed 300 million years ago. It was associated by a single ocean called Panthalassa. Figure 7.0. Pangaea Reconstruction Source: "File: Pangaea continents’" by en: User:Kieff is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 The Great Dying 252 million years ago, Permian Period Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 4 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  - The biggest extinction earth ever experience occurred at the end of the Paleozoic era, transitioning from the Permian Period to the Triassic. Roughly 96% of all marine organisms, and a number of land animals. The appearance of the first mammals 220 million years ago, Triassic Period - Nocturnal animals that evolved from cynodonts, and co-existed with the dinosaurs during the Triassic. Figure 8.0. Cynognathus – a cynodontian therapsid Source: "File: Cynognathus BW.jpg" by Nobu Tamura (http://spinops.blogspot.com) is licensed under CC BY 2.5 The Triassic Extinction 201 million years ago, Triassic Period - This extinction event led to the dying of 80% of all species, both in marine and land. After this extinction, dinosaurs became the dominant land animals during the Jurassic, often characterized by their enormous built. The first Birds 160 million years ago, Jurassic Period - The first bird ancestors are known to have evolved from the feathered dinosaurs, the most famous one is called the Archaeopteryx. Figure 9.0. An Archaeopteryx fossil – one of the first bird Source: "archaeopteryx" by denn is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 5 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  The Dinosaur Extinction 65 million years ago, Cretaceous - The most infamous extinction occurred at the Period end of the Cretaceous period, wiping out all Dinosaurs, and other giant marine reptiles. This was due to a giant asteroid hitting earth, affecting its climatic patterns. The first primates 60 – 55 million years ago, Cenozoic - After the successful wiping out of all dinosaurs, Era the early nocturnal mammals evolved and dominated the land. This would rise to the first primates, which would then eventually evolve to become the first hominids, and would give way for the early humans. Figure 10.0. Australopithecus afarensis fossil hominid Source: "Australopithecus afarensis fossil hominid (Lucy skeleton) (Hadar Formation, Pliocene, 3.2 Ma; Hadar area, Afar Triangle, northern Ethiopia, eastern Africa) 2" by James St. John is licensed under CC BY 2.0 NAVIGATE Test Yourself (NON-GRADED): Using the information presented in this module, arrange the following events in chronological order (1-5). First Bird Formation of Pangaea First Reptile Triassic-Jurassic Extinction First Amphibian Permian Extinction First Fish Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction First Mammal Snowball Earth Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 6 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  KNOT The Geologic Time Scale was created to present Earth’s History in a subdivided format. The initial classification was based solely on the principles and laws of relative dating, associated with the unconformity observable in different areas of the world. Its main subdivisions are the following: eon, era, period, and epoch. Its subdivisions are based on the events that occurred during the time period (e.g. major extinctions, major geological events, etc.) Optional Activity (NON-GRADED): Paleontologists use the remains of organisms and try to reconstruct its 3d image. Through this activity, you will experience how to reconstruct using the following materials: a. Two (2) 15cm x 15cm paper (you can print the patterned paper found in Annex I) b. Scissors c. Stapler/Glue Proceed to Annex I and follow the step by step guide in creating a Tyrannosaurus Rex origami. References: Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario (n.d.) Science LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc Ludman, A., & Marshak, S. (2010). Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Lutgens, F. K., & Tarbuck, E. J. (2012). Essentials of Geology 11th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Ono, M., & Takai, H. (2018). How To Make Paper Dinosaurs. CICO Books. Wicander, R., & Monroe, J. S. (2010). Historical Geology: Evolution of Earth and Life Through Time, Sixth Edition. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Prepared by: Alan Royce B. Tizon Reviewed by: Bernard C. Llaguno Position: Special Science Teacher I Position: Special Science Teacher III Campus: Southern Mindanao Campus: Main Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 7 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  ANNEX I Ono and Takai Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 8 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  Ono and Takai Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 9 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8 Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 10 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  STEP 9 STEP 10 STEP 11 STEP 12 STEP 13 STEP 14 STEP 15 STEP 16 Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 11 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.  STEP 17 STEP 18 STEP 19 STEP 20 FINISHED PRODUCT Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 12 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Earth Science Geologic Time Scale Page 13 of 13 © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.