Elijah Wang - Christianity Revision GCSE Religious Studies 2024-2025 PDF

p\Christianity: Revision Organiser GCSE Religious Studies Thank you for excellent effort so far! Well done also for taking the initiative to highlight key information. Component 01​Beliefs and teachings and practices: Christianity...

p\Christianity: Revision Organiser GCSE Religious Studies Thank you for excellent effort so far! Well done also for taking the initiative to highlight key information. Component 01​Beliefs and teachings and practices: Christianity Beliefs and teachings Range of views / how Sources of Wisdom & Topic Content Key concepts Key words might someone My views Authority / (Christian) disagree What are key ideas Monotheistic - the belief 1 John 2:15-17 : Do not The Brethren: Which of the about God e.g. more that there is only 1 god love the world or anything views is detail for the key in the world. If anyone Focuses very much on strongest for words? Eternal - separate and loves the world, love for the the holiness of God and you and why? outside of time Father is not in them … the his purity - only those God has existed and world and its desires pass who are part of the I believe will exist for eternity Atemporal - Not bound away, but whoever does brethren are able to Christians by time the will of God lives truly know God - they should believe His is both outside and forever. live as far as possible that since God within the world Omniscient - All knowing from the rest of the is immanent, The nature of Matthew 25:31-46 - world to remove personal, and God God is all-knowing, Transcendent - Beyond Parable of the sheep and themselves from evil all-knowing, 1 all-powerful, and the world goats - those who treated they could have pp. 7-8 all-loving The Amish : a private Jesus with kindness when Immanent - Within the he was in need were relationship with God is involved with world rewarded and those who Also live in their own Him. human lives Benevolent - loving, turned him away were communities, However, compassionate punished separating themselves priests can be a God incarnate is Jesus from sin in the world - person that God Christ Personal - can be related John 3:16 - For God so They believe that God is speaks through to as a person loved the world that he forgiving (matthew 6:12) and acts as a gave his one and only son, but they still believe that guidance/leader Omnipotent - All powerful that whoever believes in they must live in in a community accordance to laws and of christians. Incarnate - in human him shall not perish but commands in the Bible form have eternal life to achieve salvation Judge - can decide on Matthew 6:12 : right/wrong and make And forgive us our sins Hillsong : judgements Any others? Focuses on the grace of Forgiving - not holding God for forgiveness - sins against someone does not believe that anything a person can do will lead to salvation as a reward Baptist churches : God is directly accessible to all believers - priests not needed unlike Catholic church Catholic churches : Priests act as a bridge between humans and God - for example in confession and Eucharists priests act in the power of God Free church : Emphasises the personal and accessible  nature of God - relationship is exhibited in Jesus’ teaching when he teaches disciples to pray using ‘abba’ meaning ‘daddy’ - God is immanent as bible says ‘priests and kings’ in 1 peter 2:9 What is the Trinity? Matthew 28 - jesus What do Unitarians I think that instructs the apostles to believe? christians The holy trinity is the baptise in the name of the Do not believe in the should believe concept that God is 3 father, the son, and the trinity as it threatens the in the trinity different people: the God the Father - what holy spirit idea of monotheism father, the son, and the are key ideas? They don’t believe that holy spirit. Usually referred to as just 2 Corinthians 13 - Paul jesus was god These 3 beings are all God prays for God’s grace to be They think the trinity forms of God but they The creator of the present with the church goes against ten are not each other universe (apostle’s through the father, the son, commandments ‘you Concept of creed) and the holy spirit shall have no other God as a E.g. ic, liquid water, GOds before me’ Trinity of and water vapour are God the Father: 2 persons all H2O, but they are God the Son - what were -Apostles’ Creed: not each other 3 main purposes? ‘I believe in God, the (pp. 8-11) God incarnate Father almighty, creator of Purposes: heaven and earth’ -​ To sacrifice himself on the -Romans 8:15 : cross, receiving Christians are taught to God’s punishment speak to God using for human sin ‘Abba,Father’ -​ To reveal God to people, showing God the Son: his love and power -Apostles’ Creed: and teaching  people how he ‘I believe in Jesus, Christ wants them to live god’s only Son, our Lord, -​ To rise from the who was conceived by the dead and show Holy Spirit, born of the that God has virgin Mary’ power over death, and that christians may have an God the Holy Spirit: everlasting life in -Acts 2:4 : heaven after death HS comes to followers at the feast of the pentecost : ‘all of them were filled with God the Holy Spirit - the holy spirit and began to what does he do? speak in other tongues as With christians as their the spirit enabled them’ constant guide and comforter What are key quotes from the Nicene Creed for the persons of the Trinity? ‘We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son’ Biblical What does Genesis 1 Creation - the universe Genesis 1 quote to show What are literal accounts of show? and everything that exists God spoke creation into interpretations of the Creation Genesis one shows the existence: Creation story? Give a creation of the universe Anthropomorphic - God said ‘let there be light’ few points: 3 Read describing God using and there was light -actually created in 6 through What does God do? human characteristics days pages 12-13 How did he describe -created in the order like first and then creation? the bible says go to pp. God speaks the The Fall - Adam and eve Good -that creation was 14-20 universe into existence falling into temptation ‘good’ from ex nihilo and eating from the tree What did he name? Give of the knowledge of good an example. How is it seen as a What does the Spirit and evil, and therefore sun,moon,stars myth? do? breaking the trust and -there are some flaws in The spirit of God was relationship between god Reference to the Trinity - t creation hovering over the and humanity is not only God the Father -can’t be created in 6 waters creating (1:1), but also the days as universe is Original sin - condition Spirit hovering (1:2) and billions of years old that all humans are the Word speaking into What happens over 6 sinful, inherit from Adam existence (1:3) days? and Eve due to the fall What is the view called Day 1: day & night Quote about being given a Theistic Evolution? Day 2: sky purpose: That God guided Day 3: Land,seas, ‘Rule over the fish of the evolution Plants,trees sea and the birds of the air, Day 4: Sun, over the livestock, over all How do some moon,stars earth, and over all the Christians think that the Day 5: sea creatures, creatures that move to look creation story is birds compatible with Day 6: animals and Science? humans Quote about Day 7: rest genders/children: Eve was created to be a How is his authority helper and companion shown? To be fruitful and multiply - Everything in creation have children demonstrates God’s power and purpose. He Genesis 2: brings order to chaos. Rule to Adam: ‘you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and How is humanity evil, for when you eat from made? it you will certainly die’ Created in God’s image _ Made the first man Example of a verse about from dust of the ground the Spirit’s role in creation: and breathes life into Used spirit to create his nostrils heavens and earth Creates the first Spirit of god was hovering woman from Adam’s over the waters rib John 1:14 - what is the How are they reference to the accountable to God? incarnation? They are appointed by The Word became flesh God to be stewards and made his dwelling over creation among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the Genesis 2 one and only Son, who What importance does came from the Father, full it show? of grace and truth. Displays human qualities not seen before in Biblical descriptions of Him Genesis 3 - p. 18 - record Story starts at the any key parts of the story creation of Adam and that you wish Eve, showing -​ Serpent tells A and importance of humanity E that they won’t die within God’s creations -​ Realised they were naked after eating How is God described? the fruit God is described as a -​ Because Eve ate physical being the fruit, childbirth is painful and food will be hard to grow -​ John 1 What is shown about the Word? It’s shown that the word became Jesus and came down to the world Genesis 3 What does the serpent do? The serpent says that Adam and Eve will become like God and will not die when they eat from the tree How is Eve tempted? The serpent said that her eyes will be opened How does sin enter? Sin entered through the fall and was passed down through to all humans as they are all descended from Adam and Eve What do Adam and Eve try to do? They tried to hide from God  What does the Fall mean for humans? The fall reflects how human free will can lead to negative consequences, and it was a transition from innocence obedience to God to a state of guilty disobedience What did original sin Evil - (give a few views) Romans 5:12 (blue text): Some conservative lead to? ‘...sin entered the world Christians - evil is a Original sin lead to the Moral evil - caused by through one man, and natural result due to the existence of death and human free will death through sin, and in sinful nature of humans evil in the world this way death came to all - explains oral evil but Natural evil - caused by men, because all sinned not natural evil or Mackie’s inconsistent things outside of suffering of the innocent triad - humanity Satan: Evil, God’s -Isaiah 14:12 - Satan was Other Christians - The problem omnipotence, and His expelled from heaven See the world as a test - of evil and omnibenevolence all when he sinned without evil there would suffering and supposedly exists at -Ephesians 6:11 - A be no way to show love 4 a loving and the same time dangerous enemy to for others, as they are righteous God (pp. But not all 3 can exist christians, the destroyer able to do to people in 22-24) at the same time and a leader of demons need because who help him in his attacks Either God is not on God’s people Others take the view powerful enough to -Matthew 4:1-11 - people that - stop evil, or he is not can resist the devil, like God has a purpose for kind enough to rid of jesus did in the desert evil that humans may evil -1 Peter 5:8-9 - he still not fully understand, but causes suffering that may is a way to understand Irenaeus’ theodicy - test a christians faith the suffering jesus himself experienced  God deliberately allows evil to exist to teach humans what is right and wrong (some evangelicals and liberals) Augustinian theodicy - Evil and suffering is a direct result of the fall and original sin (Catholics and some Evangelicals) Satan - Some think that evil is satan personified and it is a force that works against everything good What titles were used Messiah - anointed one These verses are about Why do some find it for him? titles of Jesus: hard to believe in Jesus son of God, Agape - a sacrificial love Messiah - Mark 14:3-9 : aspects of his life? Jesus the Messiah, that doesn’t expect Jesus is defending a Because of modern Jesus the Lord and repayment, and woman who poured scientific logic Jesus Christ Saviour voluntarily suffers perfume over him, as 5 (pp. 26-33) discomfort or even death others around her said the What do liberal Give some detail about for the benefit for others perfume could’ve been Christians look for? each of them sold for lots of money. Meaning behind Son of God : Evangelism - sharing Jesus said “the poor you supernatural events -​ God incarnate Jesus’ messages and will always have with you, (in human form), but I will not always be  not a natural convincing others to here” showing that he What do conservative conception but become christians knew he was to be killed Christians believe? conceived by Believe the bible is the Holy Spirit. Mark 8:37 - Or what can literal word of God, and -​ Jesus’ anyone give in exchange emphasizes God’s miraculous for their soul? - Jesus omnipotence to argue conception and that the bible is literal birth fulfil the prophecies in Romans 10:9 - the Old Paul teaches that declaring Testament about Jesus as Lord is the route God coming to to salvation Earth. Isaiah 53:35 - Messiah : 'But he was pierced for our -​ means anointed transgressions, he was one crushed for our iniquities; -​ Kings were the punishment that anointed with oil brought us peace was on to show they him, and by his wounds we have been are healed. ' - talking about chosen by God, how Jesus sacrifice on the -​ Messiah = jesus cross healed the was King or relationship between god Lord and humans Lord and Saviour: Key teaching of the -​ Believe jesus Sermon on the Mount was sent by god 1.Beatitudes (Matthew to be a saviour, 5:3-16) - give a few -​ Jesus came to examples of earth to die for attitudes/qualities and their all human sin for blessings:  forgiveness from -​ Blessed are the God poor in spirit, for -​ Jesus beat theirs is the kingdom death and came of heaven (earthly back to life possessions don’t -​ Hebrew word for matter) Lord is Adonai, -​ Blessed are those which is plural, who are hunger and reflecting idea of thirst for the trinity righteousness, for -​ Paul teaches they will be fulfilled declaring Jesus (justice will be as Lord is the delivered to them) route to -​ Blessed are the salvation peacemakers, for (Romans 10:9) they will be called children of God Jesus and the law - what did he teach For sections that follow, about obedience to the give a few key views on law? each 2. Jesus and the law (Matthew 5:17-48): -View on anger: anger is Jesus’ example bad, as it is the root cause What did his example of violence and murder centre around? Around sacrificial love -View on adultery: lust in the heart is also counted How Christians follow as adultery, Jesus’ example - give - Jesus says “If different examples your right eye - causes you to - stumble, gouge it - out and throw it - away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.” - meaning to cut the problem off at its source before it becomes physical adultery -Revenge and love for enemies: revenge in personal terms in bad, if sometime mistreats you, force them peacefully to treat you as their equal - e.g. turn the other cheek 3. True discipleship (Matthew 6:1-18) - He wants his disciples to: -​ Do good deeds just for attention or praise e.g. pray in private, do not make it look obvious that one is fasting, and don’t speak unnecessarily in prayers He wants prayer to be…  -​ In private and concise The Lord’s Prayer: Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done; on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. Forgiveness: For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. 4. True righteousness (6:19-7:12) -Wealth Matthew 6:19-24 - do not treasure earthly possessions, instead store those treasures in heaven The eye is the lamp of the body. If your eyes are healthy, your whole body will be full of light.But if your eyes are unhealthy, your whole body will be full of darkness. (here healthy = generous, and unhealthy = stingy) -Judging others (Matthew 7:1-6) - you will be judged the same way you judge others 5. The narrow gateway (7:13-23) - what do the two pathways represent? The narrow gateway is difficult to find and Hard to fit through but it is the gateway to life. The leather gateway is easier to find so more people go through it but it is the road that leads to destruction 6. Building on solid foundations (7:24-29) - what happened in the parable? The houses that were built on rock withstood the storm, and the houses that were built on sand fell.  Jesus is teaching his disciples to follow his word as they are a good foundation. Jesus’ example Give a few examples of how he helped others and give the references: -​ Jesus demonstrated that God’s kingdom was open to everyone -​ Healing the sick -​ Raising the dead -​ Feeding the hungry Matthew 22:37-38 - Jesus replied: “ ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. Incarnation Incarnation - a flesh 1 Corinthians 15:3-9 - What do conservatives Incarnation, 1.​ His life provides embodiment of a deity, Jesus died for human sins, believe? crucifixion, the perfect spirit, or quality then raised on the third That the events actually resurrection example of how day, appeared to Cephas took place as described and 6 God wants Crucifixion - a form of and the 12 disciples, and ascension every Christian execution where one is then appeared to more What may some others (pp. 34-36) to live nailed or bound to a than 500 people see the ascension as? cross As metaphorical  2.​ He was able to Atonement - the act of Four Gospels - Matthew, What does the use of a perform making amends for mark, luke, john crucifix suggest? miracles wrongdoing Use of crucifix allows 3.​ His main John 11:25 - Jesus said to them to focus on the purpose was to Resurrection - the rising her, “I am the resurrection meaning of Jesus’ die and to take of christ from the dead and the life. The one who death and suffering the punishment believes in me will live, for human sin Ascension - the ascent of even though he die; those What does the empty Christ into heaven on the who believe in jesus will cross in Protestant Crucifixion - why did it fortieth day after the receive eternal life churches emphasise? matter? Resurrection The cross was the not Because his death had Acts 1:9 - After he said the end and that jesus’ a purpose that this, he was taken up rose from the dead benefited all humans before their very eyes, and THe old testament also a cloud hid him from their had prophesies about sight. a Messiah and jesus’ life, suffering on the John 14:2 - My Father’s cross, and death house has many rooms; if fulfilled many of these prophecies that were not so, would I have told you that I am Resurrection - why going there to prepare a was this able to place for you? happen? Because Jesus was Hebrews 4:14-16 - God and had power Therefore, since we have a over death itself great high priest who has ascended into heaven, Benefits: Jesus the Son of God, let -It was evidence of us hold firmly to the faith jesus being both man we profess. and God For we do not have a high -It showed God priest who is unable to approved of his empathize with our  sacrifice and it was weaknesses, but we have sufficient to pay the one who has been tempted debt of human sin in every way, just as we -Christians find hope in are—yet he did not sin. Let resurrect, as they us then approach God’s believe they will also throne of grace with be raised to life after confidence, so that we may death to be in heaven receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time Ascension of need. -What did it signify? -it signified the success of good The Apostles’ Creed - what over evil does it say about Jesus? -What is he doing -​ Jesus was -he continues to conceived by the work in heaven, holy spirit preparing a -​ Born from a virgin place for -​ Suffered under believer (John pontius pilate 14:2) -​ Crucified -What can Christians -​ Ascended into now confidently do and heaven why? -​ Will judge the living -Christians can and the dead pray to God with confidence, knowing that they are forgiven The concept Why did the Salvation - forgiveness Hebrews 10:9-10 : What are different 7 of salvation​ relationship have to be from sin and its Then he said, “Here I am, I Christian views about (pp. 37-39) repaired with God? consequences, believed have come to do your will.” salvation? Because of what by Christians to be He sets aside the first to -​ Jesus’ death paid happened in Genesis 3 brought by faith in Christ establish the second. for huma sin (The fall) once and for all Atonement - the act of Hebrews 9:26 : What used to happen making amends for Otherwise Christ would -​ Jesus’ death was on the Day of wrongdoing have had to suffer many a ransom Atonement? times since the creation of High priests would Grace - a divine influence the world. But he has -​ God incarnate enter the innermost appeared once for all at the enabled humans part of the temple Redemption - the act of culmination of the ages to to achieve a called the “Holy of saving or being saved do away with sin by the union with god Holies”, where he from sin and allows them sacrifice of himself. would make an animal to be saved sacrifice. This Repentance - the act of Ephesians 2:8-9 : reconciled the showing sincere regret or What are different views For it is by grace you have relationship between remorse about how individuals been saved, through faith - god and humans on receive salvation? and this is not from that day -Catholics: yourselves, it is the gift of - believe god - not by works, so that Why did it have to be themselves as no one can boast annual? saved by being Because people would baptised and Romans 3:23 : once again sin each belonging to the for all have sinned and fall year church short of the glory of God How is Jesus the true High Priest? -Evangelical Christians: Because jesus is in -Evangelical heaven under the true christian believe presence of God, faith in jesus will whereas christians allow them to be believe that normal saved priests were temporary, standing in until jesus entered heaven -Some believe that:  -​ Some believe the How are people now key to salvation saved through grace? is by doing good Through the grace of deeds God, which means humans have his blessing even if they are imperfect and sinful as long as they have faith in christ What did sin lead to? Sin led to death and suffering to enter the world How can they receive eternal life? They can receive eternal life by God’s grace How can Christians be saved? They can be saved if they repent and seek forgiveness for them What did early Eschaton - the last days 1 Corinthians 15:42-44 - What do different Christians believe? of the world So will it be with the Christian approaches to Eschatologic They believed that Jesus resurrection of the dead. the end times? al beliefs and would return and 8 Parousia - the second The body that is sown is -Some still live teachings establish a new world (pp. 40-42) coming of christ to perishable, it is raised expecting the second order to replace the sinful establish a new world imperishable; it is sown in coming world they lived in. dishonor, it is raised in  Apocalyptic - Ideas about glory; it is sown in -Others try to calculate the end of the world that weakness, it is raised in when the world will end What was the end time were often dramatic and power and from what they seen as? frightening believe are signs from They believed that they Revelation 4 - a rainbow, the bible were living at the end of Hell - a place or state of resembling an emerald time and it was often described in dramatic mind of suffering and encircling the throne of -Most believe the and frightening ways punishment god. From this throne teaching about a come flashes of lightning, second coming is a What do they believe will Heaven - a state of mind rumblings and peals of different way of showing happen to bodies? or physical location that thunder that god has a plan that Mortals bodies would die christians believe to be in is yet to be completed - but souls will not the eternal presence of Revelation 21:4 - (note - living a christian life is god this refers to new heavens more important than How did Jesus refer to and a new earth in the speculating when the hell? future) There will be no world may end He referred to it as more death or mourning or “Gehennah”, and also spoke of a place of crying or pain Different Christians punishment beliefs about hell: -Some believe that hell How does the Bible is a place of eternal describe heaven? punishment, but also try Using many images, e.g. to believe God is loving blinding light, singing and and forgiving beauty (see Revelation 4) -Another view is of that hell is complete destruction of both the body and the soul -Others believe that hell is a way of showing an eternal existence without god’s presence  and blessing - so biblical descriptions of hell are symbolic Practices Sources of Wisdom & Topic Content Key concepts Key words Range of views My views Authority What do Christians Churches who use Worship - expression of show in worship? liturgical worship: love, adoration and Their adoration, love, -Roman Catholic respect for god and respect for God -Orthodox -Church of England Congregation - a group of christians meeting for With whom do The advantage they worship Christians worship? think is… the familiarity Christians worship as a Jesus’ last supper - what can help them reflect Communal/congregation group in a happened? What did Jesus more deeply on their al worship - worshipping congregation or alone say? significance in a large group with or in small groups At his last meal with the Also nothing said will be others who share the disciples before his different from /not the same beliefs and crucifixion, Jesus gave congregations beliefs attitudes Worship What happens in them bread and wine to 1 liturgical worship? eat/drink. He explained Anglican worship: (pp. 44-50) Individual/private worship -​ Reading set how his body will be what book do they use? - worship that allows an prayers, broken and his blood shed, Book of Common individual to focus on readings, rituals, and commanded them to prayer or common their own needs without or hymns do the same each time worship liturgy books distraction from others -​ usually done in they met. - Matthew around them unison 26:26-29 Give examples of set -​ many of the structures in an Types of communal same things are Anglican Eucharistic worship: said and done service: a)​ Liturgical worship - every time Liturgy of the word: more formal and -readings from uses set patterns Changes to the church the Revised for services environment happen Common reflect importance of Lectionary, organisation and liturgy sermons, Nicene  b)​ Non-liturgical Creed, The symbolic use of worship - worship confession colour is tied with the with little church year pre-organise Liturgy of the structure that vary sacrament: White + gold = special each time and is -eucharistic celebrations e.g. easter less formal prayer, receiving and christmas communion Red (color of blood) = c)​ Charismatic Roman Catholic days when suffering worship - worship worship uses…a missal and death of jesus is that doesn't follow recalled, also recalls and set patterns What is different coming of holy spirit, and emphasises between Catholic and used on pentecost and the gifts of the Church of England confirmation holy spirit, often words about the bread includes dancing and wine? Green = ordinary time, and clapping Catholics believe in represents hope transubstantiation Transubstantiation - the while anglicans do not violet/purple = advent belief that the bread and and lent wine taken at the How do Quakers run a eucharist changes into service? the substance of the There are no songs, set body and blood of christ prayers, readings or Special church talks. In the silence, services or liturgies Quakers believe they include distinctive are able to become music and specific closer to God. readings, prayers, and rituals They believe in the equity of people so Two types of service there are no ministers are: a)​ Eucharistic - What are examples of a focuses on the liturgical Greek eucharist - Orthodox service? congregation  will receive Liturgy of the word, bread and wine Liturgy of the Faithful b)​ Service of the What are key features Word - no of Methodist services? eucharist - The churches own longer and more hymn book : Singing the developed and Faith focuses on bible Open communion is readings practiced once a month Non-liturgical Churches who tend to services - key features use non-liturgical are: structures are: -​ More -Protestant spontaneous -Non-conformist churches -​ Minister leads -Baptist service but -United anyone in the Reformed congregation -Methodist might be invited -Presbyterian to pray, choose a hymn/reading, Give advantages for or to preach them: -It ensures believers do -​ Avoids a not become stuck in a worship ‘rut’ - worship ‘rut’ worshippers can -The focus of services is fully understand to reinforce importance meaning of of the bible things they do -The sermon will be the focus of the services -​ Sermon will focus of service Charismatic - help Christians will use congregation what in worship? understand  message of Use the gifts of the Holy bible Spirit Charismatic This worship includes What do they believe? dancing, clapping, and They believe it is raising their hands in possible to experience the air the same gifts of the Holy spirit as the Example churches: apostles did on -Pentecostal pentecost (acts 2 : 1-11) Gifts include : speaking in tongues (glossolalia), prophecy, and healing What will worshippers seek to be open to? They seek to be open to the Holy Spirit to do be led by him during the service Individual worship What might be used? Some time each day in private Might include prayer and bible reading and study books What do congregations 7 Sacraments of the What do Catholics Sacrament - a ritual do in Eucharistic Roman Catholic Church: believe about Sacraments through which grace 2 services? -​ Baptism sacraments? (pp. 51-53) The congregation -​ Eucharist / holy As long as sacrament is ‘Holy Mysteries’ - what ingests bread and communion performed by a priest the orthodox church calls wine/grape juice -​ Confirmation and according the  the seven sacraments of -​ Reconciliation agreed practice of the the RC church -​ Marriage church, god’s grace will Why is it important? -​ Holy orders be given to the person -Reminds Christians ‘Ordinances’ - term used -​ Anointing of the sick regardless of the faith of about the sacrifice of by baptists to call the person Jesus baptism and eucharist 2 sacraments of the Protestants Churches: How are Protestants -The salvation they Baptism - a ritual to -​ Baptism different? received symbolize a person’s -​ Eucharist They only believe in admission into the baptism and eucharist -Symbol if their Christian Church Infant baptism: as they are the only connection with jesus, -1st year of Christian ones that have a direct unites christians Christening - infant history: accounts of whole link to Jesus baptism families being baptised -some may feel better (Book of Acts) What do some prepared to deal with Confirmation - a public denominations e.g. life, after reflecting on statement of faith that Believer’s baptism: Baptists call them? their faith frequently happens in a -Jesus and others in the person’s teens new testament What do Catholics What does baptism believe about the symbolise? Eucharist? Purification and being They believe the bread washed clean from sin and wine actually transforms into the What are features of jesus’ body and blood = infant baptism? jesus has a ‘real -called a christening presence’ during mass -takes place in RC What do Anglicans church, orthodox believe? church and C of E Consubstantiation = jesus is only spiritually -infant baptism allows present in the bread the infant to receive and wine God’s blessing Who does infant What happens in baptism? confirmation? Infants  A teen have the chance to make a Who does Believer’s public statement of baptism? faith and reaffirm the Adults promises their parents made on their behalf What are different views when they were a baby on the meaning of baptism? Why do some -Roman Catholic: churches believe in believed to wash away Believer’s baptism original sin and only? necessary for salvation Grace of God can only be received by -Most Christian someone that has denominations: not just expressed their faith, symbolic, actually which a baby cannot causes transformation do by washing away sin What does that person -Quakers and Salvation come? Army: do not practice A full member of the baptism as they receive Christian community God’s grace inwardly = no need for outward ceremony Adoration - recognition of Why does prayer help What do some god’s might and power Acts 2:42 - ‘devoted Christians? charismatic Christians themselves to … prayer’ It helps them emphasise? Confession - people Prayer communicate with God Praying out loud and 3 bringing before God The Lord’s Prayer - what (pp. 54-59) and develop a praying from the anything they have done does it include? relationship with Him. believers heart which wrong -adoration they believe is -confession Prayer in channeled through the Supplications/intercessio -thanksgiving congregational Holy spirit within them n - seeking for help worship - different Thanksgiving - -supplication (asking for forms are: expressing thankfulness / something special for -Led by one or several giving thanks themselves or others) people -Listen to the prayers The ‘Grace’ - a prayer John 11:42 - jesus brought -Any member who based on 2 Corinthians lazarus back from the dead wishes to stand and 13:14 pray aloud can do so Peter and John - healed a -Silent prayer allows Praying in tongues - crippled beggar in Jesus’ for reflection praying in a unique, name ‘heavenly’ language not Set/liturgical prayers - understood by humans, 24-7 Prayer movement - an how do they help? where the one praying international, Helps worshippers and praise God in ways interdenominational express themselves if that human languages movement that help young they can’t find the cannot people access prayer words for it rooms Praying in the Spirit - to How might informal pray an inspired prayer, Psalm 48:1 - ‘Great is the prayers/extempore one led by the Holy spirit Lord, and most worthy of prayers be helpful? within the believer praise’ speaking of god Gives each person being worthy of adoration freedom to relate to Meditational prayer - a God in their own way time when a believer 1 John 1:9 - ‘if we confess focuses in stillness upon our sins, he is faithful and Private/individual God just and will forgive us our worship: sins and purify us from all Advantages: unrighteousness’ -opportunity to feel at peace 1 Thessalonians 5:18 - -helps them develop a ‘give thanks in all close relationship with circumstances; for this is God God’s will for you in Jesus -opportunity to listen to Christ the voice of God Matthews 15:36 - Jesus What they do during it: gave thanks in the account -pray for people they of the feeding of the five know thousand -pray for charitable Acts 27:35 - Paul gave work thanks to God before eating bread during a sea -respond to God with journey personal thanks and praise 2 Corinthians 13:14 - may the grace of our Lord -seek God’s guidance Jesus christ or help for challenges and the love of God, in their lives and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit What they believe: be with us all, now and -they believe that God evermore, hears and responds to Amen their prayers Adoration advantages: -recognition of his power can help a christian grow their sense of security -better able to keep their lives in perspective Confession advantages: -can consider what they need to change -a time to seek God’s forgiveness Supplications and intercession advantages: -seeking God for help -can bring peace to the person praying Thanksgiving advantages: -help christians remain grateful for God’s provision -allow them to recognize good aspects in their lives Grace advantages: -recognition of God’s love and generosity -reminded that their relationship with God has not been earned by their behaviour Meditational prayer advantages: -brings sense of particular closeness to God -hope they can hear God speak to the in the stillness  Lourdes - what happened in 1858? A 14 year old girl named Bernadette Soubirous claimed to have visions of the Virgin Mary. In the visions the virgin claimed that a water spring would soon appear and it did, and it had healing powers Benefits of pilgrimage: -Opportunity to step What has been built there? outside the daily A RC church called pattern of life Basilica of our Lady of the Rosary Pilgrimage - a physical The role and -Helps bring them journey that takes a Which of these sites importance closer to God What do pilgrims do? person to a place of would Catholics in 4 of pilgrimage Travel to Lourdes praying religious significance particular visit (see bold -Come to a better for healing (pp. 60-63) sites on the left)? understanding of Rome themselves Note: 70 have now been confirmed there by the -May experience a real Catholic Church sense of awe or a fresh revelation of God Jerusalem Why is it significant? It is where Jesus lived toward the end of his life, died, buried, and seen alive after his resurrection Where may they go? -Via dolorosa ‘ way of sorrows’ -Church of the Holy Sepulchre What do they do with the Stone of Unction? Pour oil on it and rub it off on a handkerchief which they take home Walsingham What happened in the 11th century? Lady of the Manor had a vision of the virgin’s home in Nazareth The Lady was told to have the Virgin’s home built according to how she saw it in the vision What did it become and what was created for it? Became a shrine and a statue of Virgin mary was created for it What is there today? A carving of the virgin within the house of Mary at Walsingham Rome Where is St. Peter’s built? In Vatican City What has been told about Paul’s death? He was executed by Romans in Rome  What is believed about Paul? Who is it home to? The Pope What might pilgrims do? May take part in mass led by the pope and visit holy sites When is Advent What is a tradition on Where are accounts of remembered? Christmas Eve for Jesus’ birth given? The fourth sunday Catholics and some Gospels of Matthew and before christmas Anglican churches? Luke Midnight mass How do Christians Advent - the arrival of What do they say? celebrate Christmas? that which has been How do Orthodox -Wise men have come to -At Advent they may awaited Christians celebrate visit Jesus use this time to get Christmas? spiritually ready for Holy Week - the week Christmas celebrated -They brought gold, christmas, praying and leading up to easter on 7th of Jan due to Celebrations frankincense, and myrrh seeking forgiveness differences in calendar 5 (pp. 64-70) Lent - Forty days of calculation - Luke reports of angels -On Christmas Eve preparation for the Many will fast before appearing to ordinary midnight they may go celebration of Easter, to this day as a period of shepherds in the fields and to a special service of commemorate Jesus preparation declaring Jesus’ birth to Eucharist called fasting for 40 days in the Many attend a special them. They come to midnight mass (trad of desert, christians make church liturgy on 7th of worship baby Jesus RC church and some simple sacrifices during Jan Anglican) lent Small fire of blessed What happened in the palms and burning Gospels that is a reason -On Christmas Day frankincense to for some to observe Lent? churches hold services commemorate 3 gifts of celebrating Jesus’ birth the magi Palm Sunday Why is Christmas The story behind it is that What do the Salvation important to Jesus rode into Jerusalem Army do at Christmas? Christians? on a donkey and was met Makes sure everyone -Celebration of Jesus’ with crowds welcoming has shelter, incarnation him. They shouted remembering that jesus’ ‘Hosanna’ (save now) and family was struggling to -Point in history that waved palm branches that find shelter he was born christians believe gives symbolises victory and humanity hope for a they believed he was the What happens in some new beginning messiah. This upset the churches on Ash Jewish leaders because Wednesday to make -They also believe they didn't believe this. the start of Lent? Jesus will return once Special eucharist more to earth Maundy Thursday service where (Parousia) Jesus had his last supper worshippers have a with the disciples cross marked on their -It is a time to to reflect forehead with ashes on the need for peace A command that is given Visual reminder of in the world, and help by Jesus is to love one death and suffering of the less fortunate another just as Christ had Jesus loved them [John 13:12-15] Why is Easter What will Catholics do important? Holy Saturday and Easter on Good Friday? -recalls how Jesus Sunday: Catholic worshippers brought human The Gospel of John will move around he salvation through his records Jesus’ side was church to 14 stations of death also pierced by a lance the cross after he was removed from Stations of the cross are -gave christians hope the cross to make sure he points which something of eternal life with God as truly dead happened / was said when jesus was -reminded of the grace carrying his cross and mercy of God through Jesus’ What churches keep a resurrection vigil on Easter Saturday? Palm Sunday Vigil is also important How it is celebrated: because baptism -Small crosses of palm happen and the whole leaves are given out story of salvation history is read -used as a reindeer of palms that people waved when Jesus entered Jerusalem -some churches large palm branches are carried in processions Why it is important: Is a time for christians to reflect upon their own faithfulness, as the crowds that welcomed jesus into jerusalem were also calling for his death days later Maundy Thursday How it is celebrated: -churches hold a service where people’s feet are washed by the minister -In RC church priest will wash feet of 12 people, like Jesus washing the 12 disciples feet -Church service will also be a communion service Why it is important: Marks the day of the last supper and is an important reminder to Christians that Jesus came to serve, and they should follow his example. Shows Christians should be humble and willing to serve others like Jesus Good Friday: How it is marked: -Special services for meditation -3 hour service to reflect Jesus’ time on the cross -services will include reading accounts of Jesus’ crucifixion, hymns, and guided meditation -in many denominations and RC church, worshippers move around church to fourteen Stations of the Cross -Plays and marches through streets -many churches remove all decorations and signs of color Why it is important: Because without Jesus’ death no relationship with god will be possible Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday: How are they each marked and celebrated: -CofE and RC church keep easter vigil on saturday where churches are fully decorated -a bonfire is lit -special candle called paschal candle is brought out is lit with five pieces of incense in it, representing five wounds of jesus on the cross -baptisms also happen as a symbol of new life  Why they are important: -resurrection is what enabled christians ro say they have been saved -confirms their hope of an eternal life after death -jesus demonstrated he was God Infant baptism - what Infant baptism - why Infant baptism - which happens during it? do some churches do churches do this? -​ Child has water this? Roman Catholic, sprinkled on their It is a way of bringing a Church of England, and forehead (RC and child into the church Orthodox Church CofE) or immersed and symbolises original in water in baptism sin being cleansed What is it believed to Rites of passage - bowl or font The role of from them represent? Something that marks or (Orthodox church) the Church in Leaving behind the life celebrates important the local of sin and entering a stages in life -​ Priest says baby’s 6 community Confirmation - why is new christian life name and baptises it done? and living ​ them in the name of Enables someone to Why are water and oil practices Confirmation - a public the father, the Son, confirm the promises each used? (pp. 71-80) announcement of one’s and the Holy Spirit made on their behalf at Water symbolises being Christian belief their baptism cleansed of original sin -​ Roman Catholics then rub blessed oil Believer’s baptism - Oil symbolises the (chrism) onto the what does it represent? coming of the Holy child's forehead An individual’s free will Spirit to become christian Confirmation - what happens during it? Marriage ceremonies -​ Candidates take a What is believed about Give the 5 stages series of classes run it? outlined in brief format: by their church to To have an inward -minister explains learn more about effect upon the child as purpose of marriage the christian faith it is a sacrament -couple exchanges -​ Answer questions Confirmation - which their vows in front of their parents churches do it? god and witnesses answered at their Roman catholic church, baptism : ‘do you orthodox church, church -couple exchanges turn to christ?’ and of england, and rings and minister asks ‘do you repent of methodist church God to bless their vows your sins?’ Which churches -prayers are said for -​ Kneel at altar rail practise baby the couple and hymns and bishop places dedication and why? are usually sung hand upon their Baptist churches, bible head and prays for baptism was a choice -couple sign the the Holy SPirit in made by adults, so they marriage register with them follow that pattern and 2 witness and then are don’t practice infant given marriage -​ In Roman catholic baptism certificate service bishop also places chris oil on In which churches is a Funerals forehead believer's baptism What do they remind practised? Christians of? Dedication service - what Non-conformist Marks close of human happens during it? churches, Baptist life on earth -gives thanks to God for church the birth of the baby Why might it benefit How are Orthodox Christians to -parents and congregation wedding ceremonies participate? make promises to bring the different? Give a few -acknowledgement that child up in the christian key examples: the person is no longer faith until they can make -couple exchange part of the world but in their own declaration of wedding rings before God’s care faith the wedding (betrothal ceremony) -draw comfort from -prayers are said for the other mourners parents asking God to help -in wedding service them be good parents silver crowns (stefanas) -feel happiness as the are held over heads of dead persons life is Believer’s baptism - what bride and groom, then celebrated happens during it? placed on them as -may give a testimony, priest joins their hands -Opportunity to express short account of how they and prays their love or admiration became a christian for the dead -couple takes 3 sips of -minister lays believer fully wine from a shared cup, -marks beginning of life under water and says ‘I cup = symbol of shared without the person who baptise you in the name of life has died the Father’ and lifts them back up What is added in a Supporting families - Catholic funeral how does the church service? do this? Marriage ceremonies: Prayers for the dead -helps host important What vows are said in the person life events e,.g. Anglican Book of Common A requiem mass Marriages, baptisms, Prayer? and funerals ‘...from this day forward; For better, for worse, -provides community For richer, for poorer, In sickness and in health, -runs volunteer To love and to cherish, services to help people (...worship) Till death do us apart; -sunday school to According to God’s holy teach children about law. their faith In the presence of God I make this vow.’ -youth groups to provide opportunity for What is said with the rings? young people to Couple may make further socialise with others promises to each other -provide support to Give an example of a hymn families by visiting the sung sick Love divine -m