GCSE Judaism and Christianity PDF

**[Key terms]** **Monotheistic: A religion that believes there is only one God** **Shema: A Jewish prayer affirming belief in the one God, found in the Torah.** **[The concept and nature of God]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **1. The Tanakh is?** **The Tanakh is a Hebrew ver...

**[Key terms]** **Monotheistic: A religion that believes there is only one God** **Shema: A Jewish prayer affirming belief in the one God, found in the Torah.** **[The concept and nature of God]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **1. The Tanakh is?** **The Tanakh is a Hebrew version of the bible.** **2. Where have you seen the breakdown of the Tenakh before?** **Torah(Law)** **The Nevi'im(Prophets)** **Ketuvim(Writings)** **[God or G-D]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. **[God as One]** **Remember scripture is EVIDENCE when explaining beliefs in exams.** **"Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might."** 1. 2. 3. **[Breakdown of the Shema]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. **He is infinite and eternal, beyond the full understanding of humankind. This makes him the only being who should be praised.** 2. **God is beyond the full understanding of humankind.** **Key terms:** **Torah - The five books of Moses, which form the first section of the Tanakh (The Jewish Holy Book). The Jewish written law** **Creator - The one who makes things & brings things about** **Orthodox Jews - These are Jews who emphasise the importance of following the laws & guidance in the Torah; they believe the Torah was given directly by God to Moses, so it should be followed as closely as possible.** **Ultra-Orthodox Jews - Jews who are even more committed than Orthodox Jews to strictly following the laws & guidance in the Torah.** **Shabbat - The Jewish holy day of the week; a day of spiritual renewal starting shortly before sunset on Friday and continuing to nighttime on Saturday** **Omnipotent - Almighty, having unlimited power; a quality of God** **Omniscient - Knowing everything; a quality of God** **Omnipresent - Being everywhere at all times; a quality of God** **[Recap Quiz]** **What does Monotheistic mean?** **Monotheistic means religion that believes that there is only one God** **What does Shema mean?** **A Jewish prayer affirming belief in the one God found in the Torah** **What are the Hebrew letters for the name of God?** **YHWH** **What does Adonai mean?** **It means "My Lord".** **Why do Jews use G-d?** **They use the word G-D to show a sign of respect** **[Verse]** **Hear O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might."** **[The Tanakh]** **The Tanakh is a sacred text in Judaism and is often referred to as the Hebrew Bible. It is known by Jews as the written law.** **The word Tanakh is an acronym made up of the three** **sections found within the book: Torah, Nevi'im and Ketuvim.** **[The sections of the Tanakh are:]** **Torah: It is the holiest part of the Tanakh. It contains the 5 books of Moses & the mitzvot.** **Nevi'im: Contains the words of 15 prophets, including Isaiah,** **Joshua & Samuel. They encourage Jews to follow the laws in the Torah.** **Ketuvim: This is a further collection of writings that don't necessarily relate to each other. Some are based on history & others are based on poetry.** **[Jewish scripture]** - - - **[Jewish belief about creation]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **[Evil and free will]** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **[God the sustainer]** **The Jews believe that God created, but also what?** **Jews believe that God not only created the universe but also sustains it.** **According to Jews what does God do?** **According to Jews, God provides sufficient resources on the planet to feed and provide for all species.** **What is the result of human free will?** **The fact that resources are distributed unequally, so that some have less than they need, is a result of human free will - Granted by God.** **How should Jews fulfil their teachings?** **They should be helping to provide resources for others who have little and helping to fulfil God's plan for the world he created.** **[TASK: 4 Marker]** **[Explain two Jewish beliefs about God as Creator.]** **[4 things for a 4-mark question:]** **One Jewish belief in God as creator is that Jews believe that God created the world out of nothing. The book of Genesis tells us that God took 6 days to create the universe. Another Jewish belief in God as creator is that the Orthodox Jews believe literally that the world was created in 6 days. This shows that the Jews know that God is omnipotent.** **[Key terms:]** **[Ten Commandments: Ten laws were given to Moses over 3000]** **[years ago.]** **[Mitzvot (singular is mitzvah): Jewish rules or commandments]** **[Merciful: The quality of God that shows compassion or]** **[forgiveness to humans, even though he has the power to]** **[punish them]** **[Shekhinah: The divine presence of God]** **[Temple: The centre of Jewish worship at the time of Jesus; the]** **[meeting place between God and the priest]** **[Recap Quiz: Jewish beliefs about creation]** **[1. God created the universe out of nothing.]** **[2. This happened approximately 6000 years ago.]** **[3. They rejected scientific theories of evolution.]** **[4. Shabbat starts at sunset on Friday to the night on]** **[Saturday.]** **[5. The three groups of the Tanakh are.]** **[ Torah(The law)]** **[ Ketuvim(Writings)]** **[ Nevi'im( Prophets)]** **[God as lawgiver]** **[1. What are The Ten Commandments to Jews?]** **[ You shall not steal]** **[ Remember the Sabbath]** **[ Don't commit Adultery]** **[ I am the Lord your God]** **[ You shall not murder]** **[ Do not covet]** **[ Honour your mother and father]** **[ Respect your father and mother]** **[ Do not bear false witness]** **[2. When did God give them to Moses?]** **[God gave these to Moses after he rescued the Jewish]** **[slaves from Egypt.]** **[3. What were they originally inscribed on?]** **[They were originally inscribed on two tablets of stone]** **[and Jews still consider these laws to be of great]** **[importance.]** **[4. How many laws are in the Torah?]** **[Altogether the Torah contains 613 laws.]** **[5. What are they called?]** **[These laws are called (Mitzvot)]** **[6. What does the Mitzvot set?]** **[Jews believe that God has set the basis of his]** **[relationship with people, and that is the purpose of God]** **[being the lawgiver.]** **[God as judge]** **[1. Jews believe God judges who?]** **[Jews believe that God not only gave them laws to follow]** **[but also judges them for how well they follow those laws.]** **[2. How does God judge?]** **[God judges everyone, whether they are Jews or not -]** **[based on their actions, behaviour and beliefs.]** **[3. How many times do Jews believe God's judgement]** **[What happens?]** **[Jews believe that God's judgement happens two times.]** **[4. What is the festival of Rosh Hashanah?]** **[The festival of Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year]** **[when God judges people for their actions over the past]** **[year and decides what the coming year will bring them.]** **[This allows them to reflect on their behaviour, repent for]** **[their wrongdoings, and pray for goodness and]** **[happiness for themselves and their families.]** **[The divine presence]** **[(Shekhinah)]** **[1. The Jews carried the Tabernacle across the]** **[wilderness to Canaan. Find a picture that might]** **[give you an idea of what it looked like.]** **[2. They also carried the Ark of the Covenant. Find a]** **[picture that might give you an idea of what it]** **[looked like.]** **[True or False:]** **[3. The Shekhinah does appear in the Tanakh.]** **[True]** **[4. Shekhinah means 'God's manifested glory'.]** **[True]** **[5. The Tabernacle was a portable structure.]** **[True]** **[6. Angels dwell within the tabernacle.]** **[False]** **[7. Jews were led by Shekinah.]** **[True]** **[8. Shekinah is not a sign of God's power & glory.]** **[False]** **[Solomon's Temple]** **[1.]** **[2. Which Prophets refer to the presence of God in the]** **[Temple?]** **[Several prophets, including Isaiah, Jeremiah and]** **[Ezekial, referred to the presence of God in the Temple.]** **[3. Quote Isaiah 6:1-2]** **["In the Year that King Uzziah died, I beheld my Lord]** **[seated on a high and lofty throne; and the skirts of his]** **[robes filled the Temple. Seraphs stood in attendance on]** **[him."]** **[4. What do a small number of Jews believe about the]** **[Shekhinah?]** **[A small number of Jews believe that the Shekhinah is]** **[the feminine presence of God Because the Hebrew]** **[Shekinah is a feminine word.]** **[TASK: 2 Mark Question]** **[Give two Jewish beliefs about the nature of God.]** **[One Jewish belief about the nature of God is that the Jews]** **[believe that they will be judged after death when God]** **[determines where they will spend their afterlife.]** **[Another Jewish belief about the Nature of god is that Jews]** **[believe that God not only gave them laws to follow but also]** **[judges them for how well they follow those laws. They believe]** **[that God judges everyone, whether they are a Jew or not.]** **1: Judgement: The belief that God judges a person based on their** **action, and either rewards or punishes them as a result.** **2: Resurrection: The belief that after death the body remains in** **the grave until the end of the world, before rising again when God** **will come to judge.** **3: Rabbi: A Jewish religious leader and teacher.** **Recap Quiz** **1. What is Shekhinah?** **The Shekhinah is the divine presence of God.** **2. Does it appear in the Tanakh?** **It doesn't appear in the Tanakh.** **3. What is the Tabernacle?** **The Tabernacle is a portable structure like a tent.** **4. The structure was \...\...\...\....** **The structure was the early dwelling place for the divine** **presence of God.** **5. Where were the Israelites?** **The Jews carried the Tabernacle with them on their journey** **after their exodus from Egypt.** **6. What is the Ark of the Covenant?** **The Ark of the Covenant is** **7. Tanakh mentions the Jews were led by?** **Tanakh mentions the Jews were led on this journey by a pillar** **of fire or a cloud.** **8. A possible manifestation of the?** **A possible manifestation of the Holy Spirit.** **9. A small number of Jews believe what?** **A small number of Jews believe that it is feminine.** **10. What was the Tabernacle replaced with?** **The Tabernacle was replaced with Solomon\'s temple.** **Jewish customs surrounding death** **1. What do Jews believe about death?** **Jews believe that because it is part of God's plan, death is an** **inevitable part of life.** **2. What does Judaism teach about death?** **Judaism teaches that Jews should not die alone, although,** **Of course, this is not always possible to achieve.** **3. What should the family do?** **The dying person's family should make every e** **ort to visit** **and look after them; and ensure there is always somebody** **with them.** **4. To be with someone at death what is it considered to be?** **It is considered to be an act of great kindness to be present** **at the time of death.** **5. What must they do to their eyes?** **They should close the dead person's eyes.** **6. Intense mourning happens before the burial, then how many** **days after?** **Intense mourning follows a person's death, especially while** **waiting for their burial, then for seven days after the burial,** **followed by a further 30 days of lesser mourning.** **"Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, the True** **Judge."** **Jewish beliefs about the afterlife** **1. How much teaching is there about life after death?** **There is little teaching about life after death in the Jewish** **holy books, and beliefs about it have developed over the** **centuries.** **2. What are the two thoughts about life after death?** **Some believe that life after death will be a physical life, while** **Others believe it will be spiritual.** **Jewish beliefs about the afterlife** **Heaven and Sheol** **1. Teachings imply that the good believers will enter where?** **Teachings about the afterlife imply that the good will enter** **paradise (Gan Eden) while others will go to a place** **sometimes referred to as Sheol.** **2. What is Sheol seen as?** **Sheol is seen as a place of waiting where souls are cleansed.** **3. Jews believe they will be with God in heaven, but what isn't** **known about the place?** **Even though many Jews believe that those who follow their** **faith properly will be judged good enough for paradises, It is** **believed that heaven will be with God, but it is not known** **whether it is a state of consciousness or an actual physical** **or spiritual place.** **Judgement and resurrection** **1. Some Jews believe what?** **Some Jews believe they will be judged by God as soon as** **they die; this view is supported for example by** **Ecclesiastes 12:7** **2. When do some believe everyone will be judged?** **Some believe that God will judge everyone on the Day of** **Judgement.** **3. What is to happen before Judgement Day?** **Everyone will be resurrected.** **4. What does Daniel look forward to?** **Daniel looks forward to a time of resurrection at some point** **in the future.** **5. Why is there disagreement about resurrection?** **Many Jews reject the idea of resurrection, whether physical** **or spiritual. They have no firm view of what happens after** **death.** **Ecclesiastes 12:7** **And the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the** **spirit returns to God who gave it.'** **Daniel 12:2** **Many who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to** **everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt.** **What is Rabbi Benjamin Blech trying to teach Jews from this** **story?** **He is trying to teach people about life after death. Saying that he** **committed many sins during his lifetime, but realised now what** **has the power to override them. He is also trying to teach Jews** **how it is too late to be judged.** **TASK: 5 marks** **'Explain the different Jewish views about judgement after death.'** **(5 marks)** **5 things for a 5-mark question:** **Point: 'One Jewish belief about judgement after death is\...\...\...\....'** **Explain: 'This is because\...\...\.....'** **Point: 'Another Jewish belief about judgement after death is\...\...\...\....'** **Explain: 'This is because\...\...\.....'** **Add into one point a reference to sacred text/scripture.** **One Jewish belief about judgement after death is that they believe** **they will be judged by God as soon as they die, which suggests** **that judgement happens upon or shortly after death. This is shown** **in Ecclesiastes 12:7, " And the dust returns to the ground as it was,** **and the lifebreath returns to God who bestowed it.** **Another Jewish belief about the judgement after death is some** **believe that God will judge everyone on the Day of Judgement** **after the coming of the Messiah. This is when God will decide who** **goes to heaven and who goes to hell. This is explained in Daniel** **12:2. This is both referred to in Daniel 12:2 and Ecclesiastes 12:7.** **Information** **The written law in Tanakh** **The oral law is Talmud** **1: Messiah: The anointed one; a leader of the Jews who is** **expected to live on earth at some time in the future.** **2: Messianic age: A future time of global peace when** **everyone will want to become closer to God, possibly through** **the intervention of the Messiah.** **Origins of the Messiah** **1. What did Rabbi Moses ben Maimon compile?** **Rabbi Moses ben Maimn compiled the "Thirteen** **Fundamental Principles of Jewish Faith", based on the** **Torah.** **2. What is the Messianic era?** **The Messianic era is the future time of global peace** **when everyone will want to become closer to God.** **3. The word Messiah means what?** **Messiah means "the anointed one", a leader of the Jews.** **4. Who was the first king of Israel?** **The first king of Israel was Saul.** **5. What did Samuel do?** **The prophet Samuel anointed him to show that God** **chose him.** **6. What did he hope it would show?** **It hoped that God chose him.** **Verses** **1 Samuel 10:1** **'Samuel took a flask of oil and poured it on Saul's head and** **kissed him, saying, 'Has not the Lord anointed you leader** **over his inheritance?'** **1 Samuel 10:6-7** **'Then the Spirit of Adonai will fall on you; you will prophesy** **with them and be turned into another man! When these signs** **come over you, just do whatever you feel like doing, because** **God is with you.'** **The nature of the Messiah** **1. What do Jews today believe the word Messiah refers to?** **Jews believe that the word Messiah refers to the future** **leader of the Jews.** **2. Why isn't Saul connected to the coming Messiah?** **Saul is not connected to the coming Messiah because** **He disobeyed God once he became king.** **3. Who is the future Messiah going to descend from?** **The future Messiah is going to descend from Saul's** **successor, King David.** **4. Who do we know later descended from David?** **5. When will he rule?** **He will rule in the Messianic age.** **6. Which prophet claims war will end and peace will rule?** **Prophet Micah.** **7. What do some Jews believe about the dead?** **Some Jews believe the dead will be resurrected and live** **in a time of peace in restored Israel.** **8. What does Micah say about the coming Messiah? Add** **this scripture to your document.** **Micah 4:3** **He will judge between many peoples** **and arbitrate for many nations far away.** **Then they will hammer their swords into plough blades** **and their spears into pruning knives;** **nations will not raise swords at each other,** **and they will no longer learn about war.** **Picture of Star of David** **The nature of the Messiah** **Orthodox Jews:** **1. Describe an Orthodox Jew - see key term on page 36.** **Orthodox Jews emphasise the importance of following** **the laws and guidance in the Torah; they believe that the** **Torah was given directly by God to Moses, so should be** **followed as closely as possible.** **2. What do they believe in every generation?** **Orthodox Jews believe that in every generation there is** **a descendent of King David who has the potential to be** **the Messiah,** **3. What will happen if they are worthy?** **If the Jews are worthy of redemption, this person will be** **directed by God.** **What will this person become?** **This person will become the redeemer and will rule over** **all humanity with kindness and justice.** **4. Make 5 points about what he will do.** ** He will uphold the law of the Torah and will be the** **ultimate teacher** ** He will rebuild the temple in Jerusalem and gather** **all Jews back to the land of Israel.** ** He will usher in world peace and unit humanity as** **one.** **The nature of the Messiah** **Reform Jews:** **1. Describe a Reform Jew - see key term on page 36.** **Reform Jews believe the laws and guidance in the Torah** **can be adapted for modern times; they believe the Torah** **was inspired by God but written by humans, so can be** **interpreted according to the times.** **2. What do Reform Jews reject?** **Reform Jews reject the idea of a Messiah** **3. What do they believe?** **They believe that everyone should work together to** **achieve that peace** **4. Instead of one person leading, what do they believe?** **They still believe in a future Messianic age.** **5. How will they achieve this?** **They will achieve this will observance of religious** **obligations.** **The nature of the Messiah** **Christians V Jewish beliefs:** **1. Christians believe that who was the Messiah?** **Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah** **2. However, what do Jews believe about Jesus?** **Jews believe that Jesus did not fulfil the expectations** **that the Jews have for their Messiah.** **3. What area did he not observe?** **The Observance of Torah Law.** **4. Which means Jesus did not do what?** **Jesus did not establish the Messianic age.** **The nature of the Messiah** **History of Jews:** **1. In the Second World War, the belief in the coming** **Messiah provided what for Jews?** **It provided some hope and comfort for Jews facing** **persecution and hardship.** **2. What happened when many Jews proclaimed their belief** **in God and the coming Messiah?** **Many Jews murdered in the death camp during the** **Second World War went to their deaths proclaiming their** **belief in God and the coming of the Messiah.** **1. Monotheism: Belief in one God** **2. Promised Land: The land of Canaan that God promised to** **the Jews** **3. Covenant: an agreement; in Judaism, it refers to an** **agreement between individuals, often on behalf of the Jews,** **and God** **4. Circumcision: removal of the foreskin from the penis** **The Promised Land & the Covenant with Abraham** **1. Born where?** **Abraham was born in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia,** **2. Born when?** **Abraham was born in the twentieth or nineteenth century.** **3. What was it common to do?** **At that time, it was common for people to worship idols of** **many different gods.** **4. What did Abraham believe about this?** **Abraham became convinced that there would be only one** **God who created everything, and worshipping idols was** **wrong.** **5. What is this belief called?** **The belief is called Monotheism.** **6. Where did Abraham go?** **Abraham and his wife Sarah, father Terah and some other** **family members, left Ur to travel to Canaan** **7. Who did Abraham leave with?** **Abraham went with Sarah and Father Terah.** **8. Where did Abraham first settle?** **Abraham settled on the way to Haran in Northern** **Mesopotamia.** **9. What happened there?** **Abraham's father died who was called Terah** **10. What was the promise God made to Abraham in Genesis** **12:1-3? Quote the verse.** **Genesis 12:1-3** **11. God told Abraham to continue to Canaan, what is it known** **as today?** **It is known now as the Promised Land.** **12. Find a map of Abraham's journey to the Promised Land and** **add it to your document.** **The Covenant with Abraham** **1. What do Jews believe about the covenant?** **Jews believe that the covenants that God has made in** **history with people such as Adam, Abraham and Moses.** **2. Who did God make covenants with?** **Adam, Abraham and Moses.** **3. What do Jews believe they are to God?** **4. What is often misunderstood regarding this belief?** **The existence of covenants between the Jews and God has** **led to a belief that Jews were specially chosen by God to be** **his people.** **5. God's covenant with Abraham was sealed by what action?** **It was sealed by a special action of circumcision.** **6. God told Abraham the terms of the covenant: that he would** **make him the 'father of many nations' - if Abraham walked in** **God's ways and was blameless. What did Abraham do to** **prove his acceptance of the covenant?** **Abraham proved his acceptance by being circumcised** **himself and by circumcising all the males in his household** **7. God made it possible for Abraham to become a father** **despite his age & the age of Sarah. What was Isaac seen as?** **Isaac, may be seen as a gift from God to mark the covenant** **between God and Abraham.** **TASK: 5 mark question.** **Explain two Jewish beliefs about the Covenant with Abraham.** **(5 Marks)** **Refer to sacred writings or another source of Jewish belief** **and teaching in your answer.** **5 thing's for a 5 mark question:** **One Jewish belief about the covenant God made with** **Abraham is that Jews were the chosen people** **This is because Abraham already has an existence of** **covenant with God. This is shown in (Deuteronomy 14:2).** **Another Jewish belief about the the covenant God made with** **Abraham was the father of many nations. This is** **because Abraham's wife Sarah had to conceive despite the** **fact that she was very old and had previously been unable to** **conceive. This shows that the birth of a son called Isaac, may** **be seen as a gift from God to mark the covenant between** **God and Abraham. This is shown in (Genesis 17:1)** **4 marks** **Study Tip** **If you are referring to a particular covenant, try to remember** **to include the name of the person with whom God made the** **covenant (most likely Abraham and Moses).** **Key Term:** **Ten Commandments: Ten laws given by God to Moses over** **3000 years ago** **The Escape from Egypt** **1. How long after God had established the covenant with** **Abraham were the Jews enslaved by the Egyptians?** **400 years** **2. How did God first speak to Moses?** **God gave instructions to Moses by speaking to him** **through a bus that appeared to be on fire.** **3. Where did God want the Jews to return to?** **God told Moses to approach the Egyptian pharaoh and** **ask him to release the Jews from slavery so they could** **leave Egypt to return to Canaan.** **4. The Sea of Reeds is also referred to as?** **The Sea of Reeds is also referred to as (The Red Sea)** **5. How many Jews passed through the Sea of Reeds/Red** **Sea?** **Estimates of the number of Jews who escaped from** **Egypt ranges from several thousand to around 3 million.** **6. Find a map of the journey Moses took and add it to your** **document.** **The Ten Commandments** **The Ten Commandments** **1. What did God give Moses on Mount Sinai?** **God gave Moses ten laws.** **2. How were the commandments divided up?** **Four of them concerning the relationship between the** **Jews and God and six concerning their relationships** **with each other.** **3. How were they originally given to the Jews?** **They were carved on two tablets of stone that Moses** **carried down the mountain.** **4. Where did Moses die?** **Moses died in Moab.** **5. Who succeeded Moses?** **Joshua succeeded Moses, the one who led the Jews** **across the River Jordan into the Promised Land.** **6. What's the famous battle Joshua won?** **The famous battle Joshua won was in Jericho.** **TASK 1:** **Explain what special event happened to Moses on Mount** **Sinai. (Exodus 19:16-25)** **One Jewish belief about the covenant God made with Moses** **At Mount Sinai is that God gave Moses ten laws. This is** **because it forms the covenant between God and the Jews** **Another Jewish belief about the covenant God made with** **Moses at Mount Sinai is that the Jews are the chosen people** **of God. This is because the terms of the covenant were that** **God would be the God of the Jews and would protect them** **from harm, provided they obeyed his laws in return.** **Explain why God gave the Ten Commandments to Moses.** **One Jewish belief about why God gave the Ten** **Commandments to Moses is for God to protect them from** **harm. This is because it would form the basis of the covenant** **between God and the Jews. Another Jewish belief about why** **God gave the Ten Commandments to Moses is that they are** **the chosen people of God. This is because the Ten** **Commandments gave the Jews important guidance on how to** **create a society where people had basic rights and were able** **to live in peace with each other.** **Key Terms:** **Justice (tzedakah): bringing about what is right and fair,** **according to the law, or making up for a wrong committed.** **Healing the world (tikkun olam): Being involved in God's work** **to sustain the world: it can include work to increase social** **justice, or to preserve the environment** **Charity: 1) Providing help and love to those in need.** **2) An organisation that does not make a profit, whose main** **purpose is to help those in need** **Kindness to others (chesed pro. hesed): Positive, caring** **actions that should be shown to all living things** **Recap Quiz** **1. What event in Jewish history happened on Mount Sinai?** **The Ten Commandments were given to the Jews by** **Moses.** **2. Name 2 commandments related to God.** **You shall not murder** **You shall not steal** **3. Name 2 commandments related to other relationships.** **Honour your father and your mother** **You shall not covet** **4. Where did Moses die?** **Moses died in Moab** **5. Who succeeded Moses?** **Joshua succeeded Moses, who led the Jews across the** **River Jordan into the Promised Land.** **Abraham is in Genesis** **Moses is in Exodus** **Abraham is circumcision** **Moses is Mount Sinai** **Key moral principles in Judaism** **1. How does Judaism help believers live?** **Judaism helps believers live in a way that is pleasing to** **God.** **2. What do the last 6 commandments do?** **The last six commandments outline ways in which this** **can be achieved, and they are further developed in** **other Jewish teachings.** **Justice** **1. Jews pursue justice as what?** **Jews pursue justice as a sacred duty that can only be** **2. It can only be achieved with?** **It can only be achieved when accompanied by truth and** **peace** **3. What does justice bring about?** **It can be defined as bringing about what is right and** **fair, according to the law, or making up for a wrong that** **has been committed.** **4. What does the prophet Micah (6:8) say?** **"To do justice and to love goodness, and to walk** **modestly with your God"** **5. What does the prophet Amos (5:24) say?** **"But let justice well up like water, Righteousness like an** **unfailing stream".** **6. The Jews believe that the Torah and the prophets were** **sent by who and why?** **The Torah and prophets were sent by God to help people** **understand and bring about justice in a way that** **demonstrates mercy.** **7. The Laws in the Torah give what?** **The laws in the Torah give important guidance on the** **treatment of the poor and vulnerable.** **8. How do you create a just society?** **To create a just society you need to require all** **individuals to contribute by living their lives correctly,** **following the laws of the Torah.** **Healing the world** **(tikkun olam)** **1. The concept of healing the world is called what?** **The concept of healing (or repairing) the world (tikkun** **olam) is very important in Judaism.** **2. What is the simple action of tikkun olam?** **A simple action of tikkun olam is that it draws people** **closer to God.** **3. What does it motivate Jews to do?** **It motivates Jews to get involved in work designed to** **increase social justice.** **4. Why is charity work too limited for some?** **It is too limited for some because they believe the term** **should encompass much more, including obeying the** **mitzvot and trying to become closer to God spiritually,** **for example through prayer.** **Kindness to others** **(Chesed Pro Hesed)** **1. Why does the Torah spell out how to be kind to others?** **It is an important concept in Judaism. Many of the laws** **of the Torah spell out how to be kind to others and this** **is something Jews must aim to achieve.** **2. Where are the positive laws for kindness?** **Leviticus 19 twice instructs Jews to love people as they** **love themselves.** **3. What is the same instruction in both Leviticus 19:18 and** **34?** **"You shall not vengeance or bear a grudge against your** **countrymen. Love your fellow as yourself.** **"The stranger who resides with you shall bet to you as** **one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for** **you were strangers in the land of Egypt."** **Explain two Jewish belief about Justice** **One Jewish belief about justice is that it can be defined** **as bringing about what is right and fair. This is because** **you have done something wrong or committed a bad** **deed. Another Jewish belief about the healing of the** **The world is that it draws people closer to God. This is** **because it motivates them to get involved in work** **designed to increase social justice, such as volunteering** **for a charity like GIFT that helps the poor or protects the** **environment.** **Explain two Jewish beliefs about healing the world** **\[5 marks\]** **One Jewish belief about healing the world is that it draws** **people closer to God. This is because it motivates them** **to get involved in work designed to increase social** **justice, for example by volunteering for a charity that** **helps the poor to protect the environment. A second** **Jewish belief about healing the world is understanding** **the healing of the world by doing charity work or similar** **action is too limited. This is because they believe the** **term should encompass much more, including obeying** **the mitzvot and trying to become closer to God** **spiritually, for example through prayer.** **Key Terms:** ** Sanctity of life: all life is holy as it is created & loved by** **God; human life should not be misused or abused.** ** Talmud - A commentary by the rabbis on the Torah - it** **consists of the Mishnah and Gemara together in one** **collection.** ** Pikuach Nefesh: The obligation to save a life, even if** **Doing so breaks Jewish law.** **What does 'sanctity of life' mean?** **1. Where does the belief in the 'sanctity of life' stem from?** **The belief in the "sanctity of life" stems from the story of** **creation in Genesis, when humans were created in the** **image of God** **2. What does the story tell us?** **The story tells that God breathed life into Adam and the** **whole of creation.** **3. What is life seen as?** **Life is therefore seen to be holy and sacred because it is** **given by God.** **4. How is it di** **Rent to animals?** **It is different from animals because they were made in** **God's image.** **How this a** **ect Jewish beliefs about ending life** **1. What does believing in the sanctity of life help** **Jews?** **Believing in the sanctity of life helps Jews to work** **out whether an action is moral and acceptable to** **God.** **2. Which areas do Jews need to especially consider?** **It is a key consideration in such areas as war,** **murder, abortion, euthanasia and capital** **punishment.** **3. Why is life special and sacred?** **Belief in the Sanctity of life means that life is sacred,** **special and valuable because it belongs to God.** **4. If God gives life, he can also do what?** **God gives life to humans and that means only he** **has the right to take it away.** **5. What is a duty in Judaism?** **Preserving life is a duty in Judaism.** **6. Death is not to be brought on, what does it rule** **out?** **For Jews, this rules out such practices as active** **euthanasia and murder.** **How does this a** **ect Jewish beliefs about ending** **life** **What is the Talmud?** **The Talmud is a commentary by the rabbis on the** **Torah - it consists of the Mishnah and Gemara** **together in one collection.** **What is engraved on the Medal of the Righteous?** **Why? Medal to those who saved Jews in WW2.** **Sanhedrin 4:5 is engraved on the Medal of** **Righteousness, which Yad Vashem organisation in** **Jerusalem awards to those who rescued Jews and** **saved their lives during the Second World War.** **Add this Evidence from the Talmud:** **'He who destroys one soul of a human being, the Scripture** **considers him as if he should destroy a whole world, and he** **who saves one soul of Israel, the Scripture considers him as if** **he should save the whole world.'** **Sanhedrin 4:5** **Saving a life** **(Pikuach nefesh)** **1. Describe the two different beliefs Jews disagree with it comes to transplants and why.** **Many Jews agree with transplant surgery and feel it is a** **great honour to donate organs to save another person's** **life.** **Some disagree because they believe that the body** **should be complete when buried and donated organs** **and make this impossible.** **2. Shabbat (also known as the Sabbath) can only be** **broken when?** **Sunset on Friday until night time on Saturday** **3. Make 5 bullet points when you claim pikuach nefesh** **during Shabbat.** ** Rescuing a child from the sea** ** Breaking apart a wall that has collapsed** **on a person** ** Putting out a fire that is endangering life.** ** Driving a sick or injured person to** **hospital.** ** Performing a life-saving operation** **Saving a life (pikuach nefesh)** **Therefore saving a life (pikuach nefesh) should be performed** **at any time** **even if it means breaking Jewish law.** **TASK:** **Explain how believing in pikuach nefesh helps Jews to** **respect the sanctity of life.** **One belief about pikuach nesh is it is valuable to human life** **This then means that it takes precedence over other** **responsibilities and most Jewish laws. A second belief about** **pikuach nesh is that all life is holy. This means that human** **life should not be misused and abused. This is shown in** **Leviticus 19:16 which says "Do not profit by the blood of your** **fellow".** **Key terms** **Free will - Belief that God gives people the opportunity to** **make decisions for themselves** **Mitzvot - Jewish rules or commandments. The plural for** **mitzvah** **Free Will** **Adam and Eve were given free will. There are consequences** **of free will choices. Pleasing God brings about a life of** **fulfilment and guarantees that God will judge Jews. Choosing** **the action will not bring life closer to God in life or death.** **Adam and Eve's consequences were severe and continue to** **a** **ect humankind today.** **Mitzvot** **1. What is the plural of mitzvot?** **Mitzvot is the plural of mitzvah, which means** **commandment.** **2. What are the multiple meanings of mitzvot?** **It is generally accepted that there are 248 positive** **mitzvot. The 365 "negative" mitzvot, which tells people** **what not to do, attempt to prevent the bond between** **God and humans from being damaged** **3. How many mitzvot are there?** **There are 613 mitzvot** **4. Where do you find these commandments?** **They are found in to Torah and others in the Talmud** **5. How many are considered to be positive?** **248 are considered to be positive** **6. How can you remember the number?** **You can remember the number 248 because that is how** **many bones there are in the human body.** **7. How many are considered to be negative?** **365 are considered to be negative.** **8. How can you remember this number?** **You can remember the number 365 because that is how** **many days in a year.** **9. What do the positive and negative mitzvot do?** **The positive number helps Jews to strengthen their** **bond with God and the negative number tells people** **what not to do, an attempt to prevent the bond between** **God and humans from being damaged.** **10. Who was given the mitzvot?** **It is believed that God gave the mitzvot.** **11. Where were the Jews?** **They were in the Sinai under the leadership of Moses,** **and following them carefully made it impossible to** **disobey God.** **12. Who was the leader?** **Moses** **13. Make 3 bullet points about that the mitzvot does for** **Jews.** ** They help Jews make responsible choices** ** It helps the Jews correctly use their free will by** **providing divine guidance on living.** ** Make good choices and please God** **Mitzvot between man & God** **1. What part of the Ten Commandments governs a** **a person\'s relationship with God?** **The first four of the Ten commandments given a** **person's relationship with God.** **2. What do they tell Jews?** **They tell Jews that God is the only God and that they** **should it make images of him or any other god, nor** **should they misuse his name.** **3. What should Jews do on the 7th day?** **On the 7th day of every week, they should have a day of** **rest and worship to honour God.** **4. What areas does it give guidance on?** **Many of the mitzvot that are based on the first four** **commandments give further guidance on how an** **individuals can improve their relationship with God.** **E.g. Ritual, Worship, Sacrifice and Food laws.** **Mitzvot between man & man** **The Torah gives instruction that a person must love God and** **also their neighbour. A person who does not love others** **cannot show love for God. It's love for God to love each other** **with each other and pleasing God This includes the** **treatment of workers and how to settle disputes. To love God** **and to love their neighbour and to live as true members of** **their faith and their community. They believe in freedom but** **This is not a rule to do what you want.**