Oceanography Unit Test Review Guide PDF

Unit: Oceanography Grading: Ungraded Oceanography Unit Test Review Guide Name: __________________________________________ Block: ________ Date: _______________ Your Oceanography Test will be on ______________________...

Unit: Oceanography Grading: Ungraded Oceanography Unit Test Review Guide Name: __________________________________________ Block: ________ Date: _______________ Your Oceanography Test will be on _____________________________. PLease complete the following review guide. I also suggest reviewing: ​ Oceanography Guiding Website (linked on Google Classroom) ​ Oceanography Presentations (linked on Google Classroom) ​ Notes, Worksheets, and Labs (in your binder) Section 1: Formation of the Oceans Content Objectives 1.​ I can describe the series of events that led to the presence of liquid oceans on some planets and not others. →​ (Big Bang, Nucleosynthesis in Early Stars, Nebular Condensation Theory, Habitable Zone, Differentiation) 2.​ I can compare the scale of human history to that of the formation of our universe, galaxy, solar system, and planet. 3.​ I can describe how plate tectonics causes the features Oceans to change. →​ (Convergent, Divergent, and Transform Plate Boundaries). Vocabulary Big Bang Theory Nebula Density Point of Singularity Nebular Condensation Theory Differentiation Matter Galaxy Volcanic Outgassing Energy Solar System Red Beds Antimatter Habitable Zone Plate Boundaries Nucleosynthesis Accretion Convergent Stars Iron Catastrophe Divergent Supernova Oxygen Catastrophe Transform 1  Section 2: Surface Ocean Currents Content Objectives 4.​ I can explain how angle of insolation leads to global air circulation which drives surface ocean currents. →​ (Unequal Heating, Air Pressure, Coriolis Effect) 5.​ I can explain the relationship between global wind belts and surface ocean current movement and their temperature. 6.​ I can relate surface ocean current movement to the formation of ocean garbage patches. Vocabulary Ocean Current Coriolis Effect Gyre Angle of Insolation Global Winds Gulf Stream Air Pressure Coriolis Effect Microplastics Wind Surface Currents Garbage Patch Section 3: Deep Ocean Currents Content Objectives 7.​ I can explain and measure the effect of temperature and salinity on the density of ocean water. 8.​ I can use density to explain thermohaline circulation. →​ (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) 9.​ I can discuss thermohaline circulation’s impact on climate. 10.​I can graph and explain how temperature, salinity, and density change with depth and latitude. Vocabulary Density parts per thousand (ppt) Mixed Layer Salinity Thermohaline Circulation Thermocline AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Halocline Overturning Circulation) 2  Section 4: Ocean Ecology Content Objectives 11.​I can explain how sunlight, nutrients, and oxygen affect ocean life. 12.​I can explain how energy flows in an oceanic food web. →​ (trophic levels, food chain, food web, 10% rule) 13.​I can define the types of relationships between ocean organisms. →​ (Symbiosis) 14.​I can discuss how ocean characteristics can impact nutrients available and the food web. →​ (Upwelling, Biomass). Vocabulary Ecology Abiotic Producer Exponential Growth Biosphere Biotic Consumer (J-Curve) Biome Symbiosis Decomposer Logistic Growth Ecosystem Mutualism Food Web (S-Curve) Community Parasitism Food Chain Carrying Capacity Population Commensalism 10% Rule Limiting Factors Individual Trophic Levels Population Growth Density-Dependent Density Independent Section 5: Human Impacts in the Ocean Content Objectives 15.​I can explain why the ocean is a “tragedy of the common” 16.​I can explain the formation of and impact of dead zones. 17.​I can explain how climate change is impacting the ocean. →​ (ocean acidification, sea level rise, coastal erosion, weakening AMOC) 18.​I can create a product that explains a human impact on the ocean and how to mitigate it. (Invasive Species, Biomagnification/Bioaccumulation, Dead Zones, Ocean Acidification, Coral Bleaching, Overfishing, Oil Spills). Vocabulary Dead Zone Ocean Acidification Thermal Expansion Biomagnification Coral bleaching Sea Level Rise Bioaccumulation Overfishing Oil Spills 3 Review Questions: Section 1: Formation of the Earth’s Oceans 1.​ Why does Earth have liquid water on its surface but Mars does not? 2.​ What do scientists mean when they say, “We are stardust”? 3.​ How old is the Universe? How old is Earth? 4.​ What is differentiation and how did it lead to Earth’s Layers? 5.​ How do Earth’s layers help Earth maintain a magnetic sphere? 4 6.​ Relative to the age of the Earth, is human history long or short? 7.​ How did Earth’s Oceans form? 8.​ What causes plate tectonics? 9.​ Draw an example of a convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundary? Convergent Divergent Transform 10.​Which plate boundary type is causing the Atlantic Ocean to get bigger? 5  Section 2: Surface Ocean Currents 11.​Draw the Global Winds on the Diagram below. (Note: on the Test, you will not have to draw them, but you will have to identify what is wrong on a diagram of the winds). 12.​Describe what the Coriolis Effect is and how it affects our global wind system. 13.​How many major gyres are there in the world’s oceans? ____ 6 14.​How does the angle of insolation lead to Ocean Gyres? 15.​Gyres in Earth’s Northern Hemisphere rotate __________________ while gyres in the Southern Hemisphere rotate ___________________. 16.​Draw the gyres on the map below. Use red for warm water and blue for cold water. 17.​How does the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift impact the climate of Europe? 7  Deep Ocean Currents 18.​Explain how the temperature of water impacts its density. 19.​Explain how the salinity of water impacts its density. 20.​Fill in the chart below describing the salinity of surface water at each latitude. Latitude Salinity (ppt) Reasoning 0 30 60 - 90 21.​Which ocean is saltiest, Atlantic or Pacific? Explain why. 8 22.​Explain, in terms of salinity and temperature, why thermohaline circulation (deep water currents) start in the Northern and Southern Pacific. Section 4: Ocean Ecology 23.​In the table below, identify the four types of symbiotic relationships on the left, and draw pairs of emojis to illustrate the differences between each one. Symbiotic Relationships Organism 1 Emoji Organism 2 Emoji 9 Use the following scenario to answer the next few questions. Papa shark doo-doo-doo-doo likes to munch on large tuna. Tuna like to snack on smaller fish such as mackerel and squid. Squid like to eat even smaller fish like lantern fish. The lantern fish munch on things like zooplankton. Zooplankton enjoy eating the photosynthesizing organisms known as Phytoplankton. 24.​Draw a food web for the scenario above. 25.​In the scenario above, what trophic level are the Zoo Plankton? ________________________ 26.​In the scenario above, what trophic level are the squids? ________________________ 27.​Which organism would be considered the producers? _________________________. 28.​Let’s say that the Phytoplankton have 925,000 calories of solar energy stored in them. How many calories will the squid get? (*Hint: 10% Rule). ​ 29.​In a separate case from question 5, if Papa Shark received 8 calories of solar energy from eating the tuna, how much energy was stored in the lantern fish? 30.​Where the heck does all the energy get lost?! Explain. 10  Section 5: Human Impacts 31.​What does the acronym, HIPPO, stand for? 32.​Describe what causes ocean acidification and how it impacts the ocean. 33.​Describe what causes sea level rise and how it impacts the ocean. 34.​Describe what causes invasive species and how they impact the ocean. 35.​Describe what causes plastic and microplastic pollution and how it impacts the ocean. 36.​Describe how scientists figure out how much plastic is in the ocean. 37.​How has the human population changed over the last 200 years? How has this impacted the ocean? 38.​Describe what causes overharvesting/overfishing and how it impacts the ocean. 11