Oceanography Unit Test Review Guide

Oceanography Unit Test - Review Guide

• Oceanography Test: Covers the review guide, website, and presentations (linked on Google Classroom).
• Content Objectives (Section 1: Formation of the Oceans):
  • Describe events leading to liquid oceans on some planets.
  • Compare human history to universe/galaxy/solar system/planet formation.
  • Describe how plate tectonics change the oceans' features (convergent, divergent, transform boundaries).
• Vocabulary (Section 1): Big Bang Theory, Point of Singularity, Matter, Antimatter, Energy, Nebula, Nebular Condensation Theory, Galaxy, Solar System, Habitable Zone, Nucleosynthesis, Stars, Supernova, Accretion, Iron Catastrophe, Oxygen Catastrophe, Density, Differentiation, Volcanic Outgassing, Plate Boundaries (Convergent, Divergent, Transform).

Content Objectives (Section 2: Surface Ocean Currents)

• Explain how the angle of insolation leads to global air circulation and surface currents.
• Explain the relationship between global wind belts, surface ocean current movement, and temperature.
• Relate surface ocean current movement to garbage patches.
• Vocabulary (Section 2): Ocean Current, Angle of Insolation, Air Pressure, Wind, Coriolis Effect, Global Winds, Surface Currents, Gyre, Gulf Stream, Microplastics, Garbage Patch.

Content Objectives (Section 3: Deep Ocean Currents)

• Explain and measure the effect of temperature and salinity on ocean water density.
• Use density to explain thermohaline circulation (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation).
• Discuss thermohaline circulation's impact on climate.
• Graph and explain how temperature, salinity, and density change with depth and latitude.
• Vocabulary (Section 3): Density, Salinity, parts per thousand (ppt), Thermohaline Circulation, Mixed Layer, Thermocline, Halocline, AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation).

Content Objectives (Section 4: Ocean Ecology)

• Explain how sunlight, nutrients, and oxygen affect ocean life.
• Explain how energy flows in an oceanic food web.
• Define types of relationships between ocean organisms (symbiosis).
• Discuss how ocean characteristics impact nutrients available and the food web (upwelling, biomass).
• Vocabulary (Section 4): Ecology, Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Individual, Abiotic, Biotic, Producer, Consumer, Decomposer, Symbiosis, Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism, Food Web, Food Chain, Trophic Levels, Exponential Growth, Logistic Growth, Carrying Capacity, Limiting Factors, Density-Dependent, Density-Independent

Content Objectives (Section 5: Human Impacts in the Ocean)

• Explain why the ocean is a "tragedy of the commons".
• Explain the formation and impact of dead zones.
• Explain how climate change is impacting the ocean (ocean acidification, sea level rise, coastal erosion, weakening AMOC).
• Explain human impact on the ocean and mitigation strategies.
• Vocabulary (Section 5): Dead Zone, Biomagnification, Bioaccumulation, Ocean Acidification, Coral bleaching, Overfishing, Thermal Expansion, Sea Level Rise, Oil Spills.

Review Questions (Section 1: Formation of Earth's Oceans)

• Why does Earth have liquid water, but Mars does not?
• What do scientists mean by "We are stardust"?
• How old is the universe? How old is Earth?
• What is differentiation, and how did it lead to Earth's layers?
• How do Earth's layers help maintain a magnetic sphere?
• Relative to Earth's age, is human history long or short?
• How did Earth's oceans form?
• What causes plate tectonics?
• Draw examples of convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries.
• Which plate boundary type is causing the Atlantic Ocean to get bigger?

Review Questions (Section 2: Surface Ocean Currents):

• Draw global winds (identify errors on diagrams).
• Describe the Coriolis Effect and its impact on the wind system.
• How many major gyres are there in the world's oceans?
• How does the angle of insolation lead to ocean gyres?
• How do gyres rotate in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
• Draw the global wind system and ocean gyres, using colors for warm and cold water.
• How does the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift impact Europe’s climate?

Review Questions (Section 3: Deep Ocean Currents)

• Explain how water temperature impacts density.
• Explain how water salinity impacts density.
• Fill in a chart describing the salinity of surface water at various latitudes.
• Which ocean is saltier: Atlantic or Pacific? Explain why?

Review Questions (Section 4: Ocean Ecology)

• Draw a food web for the given scenario.
• What trophic level are the zoo plankton in the given scenario?
• What trophic level are the squids in the given scenario?
• Which organism in the given scenario is the producer?
• Calculate calories of energy received by squid, given that phytoplankton have 925,000 calories (10% rule).
• Calculate calories of energy stored in lantern fish, given the amount retained by Papa Shark from consuming tuna (10% rule).
• Explain where energy loss occurs within a food web.
• Identify the terms for each symbiotic relationship and illustrate using emojis.

Review Questions (Section 5: Human Impacts)

• Define the acronym HIPPO.
• Explain ocean acidification and its impacts.
• Explain sea level rise and its impacts.
• Explain the causes of invasive species and their effects.
• Explain plastic and microplastic pollution and its ocean impact.
• How do scientists measure ocean plastic levels?
• Describe human population change over the last 200 years and its ocean impact.
• Explain overharvesting/overfishing and its impact.