East Asian Art Grade 8 PDF

Arts East Asia East Asian Map  Painting in China, Japan and Korea In East Asia, the objects or items that are usually put into paintings are called subjects, themes or motifs. These may be about animals, people, landscapes, and anything about the environment. PAINTING SUBJECTS OR THEMES...

Arts East Asia East Asian Map  Painting in China, Japan and Korea In East Asia, the objects or items that are usually put into paintings are called subjects, themes or motifs. These may be about animals, people, landscapes, and anything about the environment. PAINTING SUBJECTS OR THEMES CHINA 1. Flowers and birds 2. Landscapes 3. Palaces and Temples 4. Human Figures 5. Animals 6. Bamboos and Stones PAINTING SUBJECTS OR THEMES JAPAN 1. Scenes from everyday life 2. Narrative scenes crowded with figures and details  PAINTING SUBJECTS OR THEMES KOREA 1. landscape paintings 2. Minhwa 3. Four Gracious Plants (plum blossoms, orchids or wild orchids, chrysanthemums) 4. bamboo 5. portraits  Important aspects in East Asian Painting Landscape painting was regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. They also consider the three concepts of their arts: Nature, Heaven and Humankind (YinYang).  Silk was often used as the medium to paint upon, but it was quite expensive. Cai Lun, invented the paper in the 1st Century AD it provided not only a cheap and widespread medium for writing but painting became more economical. The history of Korean painting dates to 108 C.E., when it first appears as an independent form. It is said that until the Joseon dynasty the primary influence of Korean paintings were Chinese paintings. Mountain and Water are important features in Korean landscape painting because it is a site for building temples and buildings. What daily activities are seen in the painting below? Painting is closely related to calligraphy among the Chinese people. Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. Traditional painting involves essentially the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink; oils are not used.  Enrich your knowledge about Chinese calligraphy: Did you know that the earliest known Chinese logographs (ancient writing symbols) are engraved on the shoulder bones of large animals and on tortoise shells?  The script found on these objects is commonly called jiaguwen, or shell-and-bone script. Cangjie, the legendary inventor of Chinese writing, got his ideas from observing animals’ footprints and birds’ claw marks on the sand as well as other natural phenomena. East Asian temples and houses have sweeping roofs because they believe that it will protect them from the elements of water, wind and fire. Buddhists believed that it helped ward off evil spirits which were deemed to be straight lines. The figures at the tips are called roof guards. There are three main types of roofs in traditional Chinese architecture that influenced other Asian architecture: 1. Straight inclined 2. Multi-inclined 3. Sweeping 1. Straight inclined - more economical for common Chinese architecture 2. Multi- inclined - Roofs with two or more sections of incline. These roofs are used for residences of wealthy Chinese. 3. Sweeping – has curves that rise at the corners of the roof. These are usually reserved for temples and palaces although it may also be found in the homes of the wealthy. Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia. It became one of their oldest and most highly developed visual arts. Woodblock Printing Japanese Ukiyo-e The best known and most popular style of Japanese art is Ukiyo-e, which is Japanese for "pictures of the floating world” and it is related to the style of woodblock print making that shows scenes of harmony and carefree everyday living. Ukiyo-e art was produced in a diversity of different media, including painting and became an art domain of the upper classes and royalty but later was also produced by the common people. Paintings in East Asia do not only apply on paper, silk and wood. Performers of Kabuki in Japan and Peking Opera in China use their faces as the canvas for painting while mask painting is done in Korea. Peking opera face-painting or Jingju Lianpu is done with different colors in accordance with the performing characters’ personality and historical assessment. The hero type characters are normally painted in relatively simple colors, whereas enemies, bandits, rebels and others have more complicated designs on their faces. It is a traditional special way of make-up in Chinese operas in pursuit of the expected effect of performance. Originally, Lianpu is called the false mask. Guan Ju - Red indicates devotion, courage, bravery, uprightness and loyalty. Huang Pang - Yellow signifies fierceness, ambition and cool- headedness. Zhu Wen - A green face tells the audience that the character is not only impulsive and violent, he also lacks self- restraint. Zhang Fei - Black symbolizes roughness and fierceness. The black face indicates either a rough and bold character or an impartial and selfless personality. Lian Po - Purple stands for uprightness and cool-headedness. While a reddish purple face indicates a just and noble character. Cao Cao - white suggests treachery, suspiciousness and craftiness. It is common to see the white face of the powerful villain on stage. Jiang Gan - The clown or chou in Chinese Opera has special makeup patterns called xiaohualian (the petty painted face). Sometimes a small patch of chalk is painted around the nose to show a mean and secretive character.  Kabuki Make- up of Japan Kabuki makeup or Kesho is already in itself an interpretation of the actor’s own role through the medium of the facial features. On stage, this interpretation becomes a temporalization of makeup in collaboration with the audience. Kabuki Makeup is also another way of face painting which has two types: 1. standard makeup - applied to most actors 2. kumadori makeup - applied to villains and heroes - It is composed of very dramatic lines and shapes using colors that represent certain qualities. dark red = passion or anger dark blue = depression or sadness pink = youth light green = calm black = fear purple = nobility Some examples of face painting are the mukimi-guma or suji-guma, where the lines are painted onto an actor’s face. These are then smudged to soften them. Kumadori — The Painted Faces of Japanese Kabuki Theatre. KOREAN MASK Korean masks, called tal or t'al, originated with religious meaning just like the masks of other countries which also have religious or artistic origins. Korea has a rich history of masks. The roles of colors in Korean masks: 1. Black, Red and White – Bright and vibrant colors that help establish the age and race of the figure 2. Half Red and Half White mask - symbolize the idea that the wearer has two fathers, Mr. Red and Mr. White 3. Dark-faced mask - indicates that the character was born of an adulterous mother  PAPER ARTS and KNOT TYING Paper was first invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. It is indeed one of the greatest contributions of ancient China in the development of arts. FOLK ARTS OF CHINA: 1. PAPER CUT 2. CHINESE KNOTS 3.PAPER FOLDING 4. PAPER KITES The earliest document showing paper folding is a picture of a small paper boat in an edition of Tractatus de Sphaera Mundi from 1490 by Johannes de Sacrobosco. In China, traditional funerals include burning yuanbao which is a folded paper that look like gold nuggets or ingots called Sycee. This is also used for other ceremonial practices. This kind of burning is commonly done at their ancestors’ graves during the Ghost Festival. A sycee is a type of silver or gold ingot currency used in China until the 20th century. The name is derived from the Cantonese words meaning "fine silk.” Today, imitation gold sycees are used as a symbol of prosperity by Chinese and are frequently displayed during the Chinese New Year. The Gold Paper folded to look like a Sycee  Origami The term Origami came from “ori” meaning "folding", and “kami” meaning "paper". It is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding, which started in the 17th century AD Origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom, so paper folding had already become a significant aspect of Japanese ceremonies by the Heian period (794–1185) in Japanese history. Flowers, animals, birds, fish, geometric shapes and dolls are the common models used in Japanese Origami. Decorative Chinese paper cuttings are usually symmetrical in design when unfolded and adapt the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac as themes and motifs and mostly choose the red color. The earliest use of paper was made as a pattern for lacquers, decoration on windows, doors, and walls. Chinese Buddhists believe that hanging “Window Flowers” or decorative paper cuttings, like pagodas and other symbols of Good Luck, attract good luck and drive away evil spirits. The process of paper cutting is aided by a pair of scissor or knife and other sharp flat cutter. Jianzhi is the first type of paper cutting design, since paper was invented by the Chinese. The cut outs are also used to decorate doors and windows. They are sometimes referred to "chuāng huā", meaning Window Flower.  KITE MAKING A kite is an assembled or joined aircraft that was traditionally made of silk or paper with a bowline and a resilient bamboo. Today, kites can be made out of plastic. Kites are flown for recreational purposes, display of one’s artistic skills. According to Joseph Needham, one of the important contributions of Chinese in science and technology to Europe is the kite. Chinese kites may be differentiated into four main categories: 1. Centipede 2. Hard-Winged Kites 3. Soft-Winged Kites 4. Flat Kites KNOT TYING In Korea, decorative knotwork is known as “Maedeup or called Dorae” or double connection knot, often called Korean knot work or Korean knots. Zhongguo is the Chinese decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. In Japan, knot tying is called Hanamusubi. It emphasizes on braids and focuses on Individual knots.