Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction PDF

**DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION** ***[Disaster]*** - serious disruption of community function \- involves widespread loss of *[human]*, *[material]*, *[economic]* or *[environment]* that cannot be coped by communities **FACTORS TO VULNERABILITY** \- Monetary Means - Global Issues \- Educa...

**DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION** ***[Disaster]*** - serious disruption of community function \- involves widespread loss of *[human]*, *[material]*, *[economic]* or *[environment]* that cannot be coped by communities **FACTORS TO VULNERABILITY** \- Monetary Means - Global Issues \- Education - Human-induced Problems **[Industrial Zones]** - located in areas with the most vulnerable & poorest increasing damage **[World Risk Index (WRI)]** - 28 indicators & research that determines risk to disasters from vulnerability & natural hazards **Vulnerability** - combination of *[physical]*, *[social]*, *[environmental]* & *[economic]* factors that increase susceptibility of hazards **Exposure** - people or area directly affected by disasters **Risk** - measure of losses, deaths, injuries & damage to a singular or combined occurrence of hazards ***[Coping Capacity]*** - immediate effect to overcome a calamity \- affected by *[corruption perception index]*, *[failed states index]*, *[number of physicians per 10K]*, *[numbers of hospital beds per 10K]* & *[insurance cover]* ***[Adaptive Capacity]*** - long term ability of a population to survive after a calamity & implement measures that will deter future events \- affected by *[adult literacy rate]*, *[combined gross enrolment ratio]*, *[gender parity in education]*, *[women in national parliament]*, *[water quantity]*, *[biodiversity and habitat]*, *[forestry management]*, *[agriculture]*, *[government expenditure on health per capita]*, *[life expectancy at birth]* & *[expenditure on health per capita]* ***[Susceptibility]*** - affected by *[country\'s population access]*, *[improved sanitation]*, *[water supply]*, *[percentage of undernourished]*, *[dependency ratio]*, *[population before poverty line]*, *[GDP per capita]* & *[Gini index]* AGENCIES: 1\. **UNU-EHS** - *[UN University - Institute for Environment & Human Security]* 2\. **UNISDR** - *[United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction]* 3\. **NOAH** - *[National Operational Assessment of Hazards]* **EFFECTS OF DISASTER** ***Primary*** - direct effects from disaster ***Secondary*** - effects from primary effects ***Tertiary*** - effects of long-term damage **[Levels of Response]** - communities with contingency plans in an event \- affected by *[level of preparedness]* & *[how well a population knows about necessary things ]* **[Hazards]** - potentially damaging event that may cause loss \- classified as *[human]* & *[naturally induced]* **NATURE OF DISASTERS:** ***1. [NATURAL]*** ***a. Geological*** - occurring on Earth\'s crust \- ***ex.*** earthquake, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, landslides, floods, subsidence ***b. Hydrometeorological*** - atmospheric, hydrological & oceanographic \- ***ex.*** typhoon, tornado, drought, thunderstorms ***2. [HUMAN - INDUCED]*** ***a. Anthropogenic*** - hazardous materials, acid rain, global warming ***b. Biological*** - viruses & bacteria, medical wastes, microbiological or chemicals with biological origin \- ***ex.*** insect infestation, epidemic, wildfires ***c. Technological*** - industrial origin \- ***ex.*** accidents, collapses & explosions ***d. Socio-natural*** - interaction of natural hazards with overexploitation ***[Emergency Management Cycle]*** - ability of an institution to prevent, mitigate, prepare, respond, & recover from crisis \- **hazard assessment**; identifying potential hazards & evaluating probability of impact once occurred \- ***[plans include]***: = addressing all phases of emergency management = taking all-hazards approach = ensuring that available manpower & resources are identified ***[Disaster Management Cycle]*** **Before:** *[Mitigation]* & *[Preparation]* **After:** *[Response]* & *[Recovery]* *[Mitigation]* - *[Preparation]* - **Disaster** - *[Response]* - *[Recovery]* **Planning Factors:** \- *[Community history]*, *[culture]*, & *[business]* including existing local/regional emergency management \- types of risks present in the community \- ***national*** & ***local*** government safety laws **PHASES OF EMC** ***1. [Prevention-Mitigation] (1st Phase)*** - structured, formal, & purposeful phase \- institutions conduct programs to prevent future disasters \- connected to the process of *[risk management]* & *[identifying of hazards]* ***2. [Preparedness] (2nd Phase)*** - developing a sustainable system for command & management ***Incident Command System*** - where systems are deployed \- sections of *[planning]*, *[operations]*, *[finances]* & *[logistics]* for large scale responses \- ***[features included]***: = personnel of various agencies can meld into a *[common structure]* = *[flexible]* to meet needs of any incidents = *[assists all responders]* communicate & get what is necessary = *[prescribes that there is one person in charge]* of an incident depending on situation ***3. [Response] (3rd Phase)*** - emergency management is *[fully operational]* \- *[quality of prevention & preparedness]* will reflect **quality of response** \- respond depends on *[intensity & severity]* \- requires **decision-making** & **proper authority** **Elements of Response** \- *[Assessment of the Magnitude]* \- *[Activation of Emergency Management Plan & ICS]* \- *[Deployment of Resources & Informed Decisions]* \- *[Initiation of the Transition to the Recovery Phase]* \- *[Enacting an After-action Assessment as a Tool of Learning & Improvement]* ***4. [Recovery] (4th Phase)*** - constant process \- **type & extent** varies on *[nature & scope of emergency]* \- there may be no recovery & require to *[develop new status quo]* \- designed to assist communities with *[healing]*, *[coping]* & *[restorations of operation]*