Disaster Readiness And Risk Reduction PDF

 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES Explain the meaning of vulnerability. DRR11/12-ic-8 Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disaster than others. DRR11/12-ic-9 Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards. DRR11/12-id-12 Differ...

 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES Explain the meaning of vulnerability. DRR11/12-ic-8 Explain why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disaster than others. DRR11/12-ic-9 Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards. DRR11/12-id-12 Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and explain the relationship of the three to disaster risk. DRR11/12-id-13 SPOT THE HAZARD GIVE AT LEAST FIVE (5) POTENTIAL SCENARIOS FROM EACH PICTURE THAT CAN OCCUR DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF HAZARD. SPOT THE HAZARD SPOT THE HAZARD WHAT IS VULNERABILITY? VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY IS A STATE OF BEING AT RISK. VULNERABILITY According to Republic Act 10121 also known as ‘Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010’, vulnerability is defined as the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or resource that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. VULNERABILITY With all the identified hazard at home, there is a possibility that some family members might be susceptible or prone to the accident due to the presence of hazard.  VULNERABILITY Vulnerability is also situation specific. This means that if a specific province is prone to earthquake, it does not mean that all localities on that province is vulnerable to it. The vulnerability of different towns or cities or even provinces differ in the way they prepare for the hazard and the amount and type of resources they have in order prevent and manage it.  VULNERABILITY Moreover, it is also hazard specific. A community that is vulnerable to earthquake hazard does not necessarily mean that it is also vulnerable to typhoons. Hazards have different traits that can influence the disasters possible to happen.  REASONS WHY CERTAIN SECTORS OF SOCIETY ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO DISASTER THAN OTHERS  Vulnerability can be seen as the result of a process in which various different things cause a population to be more vulnerable. These can be split into demographic and socio-economic. They can also be discussed through the level of community preparedness and the ability of a community to manage the after effects of a hazard event.  1. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS a. Population Density — The more dense the population, the more efficient a response should be, considering the number of people that might be affected by a disaster. Oriental Mindoro 908,339 Population – Census 4,115 km² Area 220.7/km² Population Density  1. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS b. Age of Population — Very old and very young populations are less mobile and able to respond to hazard events well. This makes them more vulnerable compared to others, and this requires more attention from the government and other support agencies especially during emergency evacuation or relocation.  1. DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS c. Distribution of Population — regardless of density, populations may be distributed differently within the hazard area.  2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS a. Wealth — Low income populations are less likely to be well prepared. Part of preparation is having a Survival Kit. b. Education — Education programs such as drills can instruct populations on how to deal with hazard events.  2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS c. Nature of Society — In highly centralized government structures, efficient emergency response may be the result of careful planning and training of personnel.  2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS d. Understanding the Area — Recent migrants are likely to struggle to cope with hazard effects compared to established population. Understanding the area is a salient factor to be considered in disaster preparedness planning, and this will give greater advantage to the established or original settlers in a particular area affected by disaster.  3. COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS a. Building Codes - Rigorous and applied building codes protect most buildings from collapse during earthquakes. This should be seriously considered by the government in the issuance of building permits and licenses for land development.  3. COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS b. Scientific monitoring and Early warning systems — Established monitoring astern can prepare people for the onslaught of an kind of disaster.  3. COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS c. Communication networks — Countries with good quality and widespread communication networks allow messages to be quickly shared. Communication plays a very important and crucial role in times of disaster. Communication Plan is a very salient component of Emergency Planning that should not be left out.  3. COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS d. Emergency Planning — Preparation is the key element of prevention. Preparation for a disaster is embodied in an Emergency Plan. Where monitoring and communication are in place, the emergency planning is likely to prepare a person or a family for such events and take action based on data, rather than prediction. VULNERABILITY TO SPECIFIC HAZARDS  According to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), there are four (4) main types of vulnerability:  PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY Physical vulnerability can be determined by aspects such as population density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing.  SOCIAL VULNERABILITY Refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values. It is linked to the level of well-being of individuals, communities and society.  SOCIAL VULNERABILITY It includes aspects related to levels of literacy and education, the existence of peace and security, access to basic human rights, systems of good governance, social equity, positive traditional values, customs and ideological beliefs and overall collective organizational systems. (UNISDR)  ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the economic status of individuals, communities and nations. The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because the lack the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures in place to protect themselves from being negatively impacted by disasters.  ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY Natural resources depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of environmental vulnerability. This is one aspect that both communities and government must be sensitive about. Mitigation increases like reforestation and natural resources protection and conservation must be undertaken to reduce natural disaster and vulnerability.  ACTIVITY Inspection Time! Direction: Since being safe and protected is the number one GOAL of every family and school, conduct an inspection of your house/backyard or the school to ensure safety against hazards and disasters.  ACTIVITY 1. Think/Observe around your house/school and assess if there is/are hazards present. 2. As much as possible, make a list of all the hazards that you will observe/think. 3. Using all the hazards that you listed, determine what could be the possible events that may put them at risks. 4. Who among are prone or susceptible to the listed hazards? 5. Identify the reasons why that person is vulnerable. ACTIVITY POSSIBLE SUSCEPTIBLE REASON OF HAZARDS EVENT/S TO HAPPEN PERSON VULNERABILITY  HAZARDS, EXPOSURE, AND VULNERABILITIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DISASTER RISK VOCABULARY 1. The elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event. _X__ S__E  VOCABULARY 2. The conditions determined by physical, social. Economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard. _U_N__A__L__Y  VOCABULARY 3. Preparation is the key element of prevention. E___G_N__ P__N_N_  DEFINITION OF TERMS HAZARD - is a harmful condition, substance, human behavior or condition that can cause loss of life, injury or other health effects, harm to property, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption or damage to the environment.  DEFINITION OF TERMS EXPOSURE - is the presence of elements at risk or chance of being harmed from a natural or man-made hazard event. The more a community is exposed to hazard factors, the higher is the disaster risk or higher chance disaster occurrence.  DEFINITION OF TERMS ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS Elements include the individuals, households or communities, properties, buildings and structures, agricultural commodities, livelihoods, and public facilities, infrastructures and environmental assets present in an area that are subject to potential damage or even losses.  DEFINITION OF TERMS VULNERABILITY - means the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset, that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard and inability of a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events.  DEFINITION OF TERMS RISK - implies the probability of possible adverse effects. This results from the interaction of social and environmental systems, from the combination of physical danger, and exposed item vulnerabilities  DEFINITION OF TERMS DISASTER - is a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society which causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses that exceed the capacity of the community or society concerned to cope with the use of their own resources.  DEFINITION OF TERMS Exposure and Vulnerability on the other hand, are distinct. A certain community can be exposed but it does not mean that it is vulnerable. Buildings and structures in Japan are exposed to earthquake, but they are not vulnerable since their architectural and engineering designs are earthquake proof or resistant. However, to become vulnerable, it must be exposed to hazard first.  DEFINITION OF TERMS Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster takes place. Mitigation is the action of reducing something's severity, seriousness, or painfulness.  DEFINITION OF TERMS Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards by means of proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster takes place. Mitigation is the action of reducing something's severity, seriousness, or painfulness.  RISK FACTORS Risk signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is derived from the interaction of social environmental processes, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!