Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction
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Questions and Answers

Which factor primarily determines a community's adaptive capacity following a disaster?

  • The long-term ability to implement preventative measures and recover. (correct)
  • The level of damage experienced during the primary impact.
  • The amount of international aid received in the first week.
  • The immediate availability of emergency services.

    • According to the information provided, which scenario best illustrates a secondary effect of a disaster?

  • A tsunami directly floods coastal communities.
  • A hurricane makes landfall, causing structural damage.
  • An epidemic spreads due to contaminated water sources after a flood. (correct)
  • A power outage occurs due to an earthquake damaging a power plant.

    • Which indicators are directly associated with a country's susceptibility to disasters, affecting its ability to withstand impact?

  • Women in national parliament, forestry management.
  • Corruption perception index, failed states index.
  • Access to improved sanitation, GDP per capita. (correct)
  • Adult literacy rate, biodiversity and habitat.

    • How does the World Risk Index (WRI) assess a country's risk to disasters?

    <p>By using 28 indicators and research on vulnerability and natural hazards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the agencies listed focuses primarily on assessing hazards at a national level to aid in disaster preparedness?

    <p>NOAH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination of factors is most likely to increase the risk of disaster in a specific region?

    <p>High exposure and high vulnerability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might locating industrial zones in areas with high vulnerability and poverty exacerbate disaster risks?

    <p>It increases the potential for environmental damage and impacts on vulnerable populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A community demonstrates high coping capacity in the face of a disaster. Which set of conditions is most likely to contribute to this?

    <p>Low corruption perception index and high insurance coverage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies a hydrometeorological hazard?

    <p>A landslide caused by prolonged rainfall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions BEST represents the mitigation phase of emergency management?

    <p>Constructing earthquake-resistant buildings in an active seismic zone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disaster management, what is the primary goal of the 'preparedness' phase?

    <p>To develop a sustainable system for command and management during a crisis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the Incident Command System (ICS) that allows for effective large-scale responses?

    <p>A common structure where personnel from various agencies can integrate seamlessly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is LEAST relevant when creating emergency management plans for a community?

    <p>Current fashion trends and popular culture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An industrial plant explosion that leads to significant environmental contamination is an example of which type of hazard?

    <p>Technological hazard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the phases of Emergency Management Cycle (EMC), which action best represents the 'response' phase?

    <p>Conducting search and rescue operations after a building collapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the all-hazards approach in emergency management planning ensure?

    <p>Addressing all phases of emergency management for a range of potential disasters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Disaster

    Serious disruption of community function causing widespread loss.

    Vulnerability

    Factors that increase susceptibility to hazards, including physical and social elements.

    Risk

    Measure of potential losses and damages from hazards.

    Coping Capacity

    Immediate ability of a community to recover from calamity.

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    Adaptive Capacity

    Long-term ability of a population to survive and improve after a disaster.

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    Exposure

    People or areas directly affected by disasters.

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    Types of Effects from Disaster

    Primary (direct), Secondary (indirect), and Tertiary (long-term) effects.

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    Geological Hazards

    Natural events caused by Earth's crust activities, like earthquakes.

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    Hazards

    Potentially damaging events classified as human or natural.

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    Hydrometeorological Hazards

    Natural events related to atmosphere and water, such as typhoons.

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    Anthropogenic Hazards

    Hazards resulting from human activity, like global warming.

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    Emergency Management Cycle

    Systematic approach to prevent, respond, and recover from crises.

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    Disaster Management Cycle

    Stages before and after a disaster including mitigation and recovery.

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    Mitigation

    Actions taken to reduce the impact of disasters before they occur.

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    Preparedness

    Planning and organizing resources for effective response to disasters.

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    Incident Command System

    A structure for coordinating large-scale emergency responses.

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    Study Notes

    Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction

    • Disaster is a serious disruption of community function, involving widespread loss of human, material, economic, or environmental resources that cannot be managed by communities.
    • Vulnerability factors include monetary means, education, industrial zones, and global issues and human-induced problems. Areas with vulnerable and poorest populations are at higher risk for increasing damage. Measures such as the World Risk Index (WRI) analyze risk via 28 indicators and research, considering vulnerabilities and natural hazards.
    • Vulnerability is a combination of physical, social, environmental, and economic factors.
    • Exposure describes people or areas directly affected by disasters.
    • Risk is the measure of losses, deaths, injuries, and damage from hazards. Coping capacity encompasses immediate effects to overcome a calamity, affected by various indexes like corruption perception, failed states index, number of physicians, hospital beds, and insurance coverage.
    • Adaptive capacity is a population's long-term ability to survive a calamity and implement measures to prevent future events. Factors influencing this include literacy rates, education, gender equality, water availability, biodiversity, and government expenditures on health.
    • Susceptibility is determined by country population access, sanitation, water supply, malnutrition/undernourishment levels, dependency ratio, poverty levels, GDP per capita, and Gini index.
    • Agencies like UNU-EHS, UNISDR, and NOAH are involved in disaster risk reduction and assessment.
    • Natural hazards include geological (earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, landslides, floods, subsidence), and hydrometeorological (typhoons, tornadoes, droughts, thunderstorms) hazards.
    • Human-induced disasters include anthropogenic hazards (hazardous materials, acid rain, global warming), biological hazards (viruses, bacteria, medical wastes), technological hazards (accidents, collapses, explosions), and socio-natural hazards (interactions of natural hazards with overexploitation).

    Disaster Management Cycle

    • Emergency management attempts to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from crises.
    • Hazard assessment identifies and evaluates probabilities of impact after a disaster occurs.
    • Disaster management plans should address all phases of emergencies, adopt a holistic approach, and identify available personnel and resources.
    • Phases of EMC (Emergency Management Cycle):
      • Before (Mitigation & Preparation): Focuses on preventing future disasters and preparing for potential emergencies through community planning, local/regional emergency management, and enacting contingency plans by national/local governments in collaboration with communities.
      • After (Response & Recovery): Focuses on responding to the disaster and recovering from its impact through response operations and recovery planning.

    Prevention-Mitigation & Preparedness Phase

    • The prevention-mitigation phase is a formal, purposeful phase to prevent future disasters. Risk management is an integral part, identifying hazards for mitigation strategies.
    • The preparedness phase develops a system for incident management, which includes the Incident Command System (ICS) with functional sections for planning, operations, finances, and logistics. ICS enables personnel from various agencies to coordinate and operate effectively and flexibly. This phase includes various personnel and agencies working together (common structure), clear communication systems, and a single leader/supervisor (depending on the situation).

    Response Phase

    • The response phase is where emergency management is fully operational. Effectiveness is dependent on the quality of prevention and preparedness processes. This phase addresses intensity and severity, relying on proper authority. Components include assessment of magnitude, activation of emergency management plans, resource deployment, and a transition to the recovery phase.

    Recovery Phase

    • The recovery phase is a continuous process that depends on the scope and type of the emergency. It focuses on communities healing, adapting, and continuing their lives with support from the authorities after a disaster. Communities might need new resources and support to restore their daily routines and rebuild their lives.

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    Related Documents

    Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction PDF

    Description

    Disasters disrupt communities, causing widespread losses. Vulnerability factors like poverty increase disaster risk. The World Risk Index analyzes risk using indicators, considering vulnerabilities and hazards.

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