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# Revolutions of Industrialization (1750-1900) **Key Concepts & Terms:** * **Industrial Revolution:** A period of significant technological advancement and economic growth. * **Fossil Fuels:** Energy sources like coal and oil, replacing wood, wind, water, and human/animal power. * **Guano:** Seab...

# Revolutions of Industrialization (1750-1900) **Key Concepts & Terms:** * **Industrial Revolution:** A period of significant technological advancement and economic growth. * **Fossil Fuels:** Energy sources like coal and oil, replacing wood, wind, water, and human/animal power. * **Guano:** Seabird excrement used as fertilizer. * **New Technologies:** Steam engine, textiles, iron and steel production, railroads, steamships, food processing, construction, chemicals, electricity, telegraphs, telephones, rubber, printing, mechanical reapers, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and refrigeration. * **Economic Growth:** Increased output, wealth, and longer lifespans. * **Environmental Impact:** Negative effects on the environment, such as river pollution. **Timeline & Events:** * **1700s:** The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. * **Innovations:** Steam engine, coal-fired machinery, and various related technologies that transformed production. * **1800s:** Further advancements in chemicals, electricity, precision machinery, and communication technologies. * **Agricultural Practices:** Improvements in farming, including using fertilizers (like guano) to increase crop production. **Effects of the Industrial Revolution:** * **Increased Production:** Output of goods and services greatly expanded. * **Wealth Generation:** Led to more wealth. * **Population Growth:** Life expectancy increased and population grew. * **Improved Material Conditions:** Improved quality of life. * **Environmental Impacts:** Negative effects on the environment, specifically material conditions negatively affected the environment. **Geographic Context:** * **Initial Focus:** Primarily in Western Europe. * **Global Expansion:** The impact also affected China, Japan, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. * **Resource Dependence:** Reliance on various resources (e.g., fossil fuels, guano). * **Urbanization:** Growth of cities facilitated by industrialization. **Additional Notes:** * Western Europe, China, and Japan experienced an energy crisis due to the depletion of wood and charcoal. * The Thames River in London had significant pollution problems in the 1850s as a consequence of industrialization.