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# ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 ## GROUP 1 ### PLUMBING DESIGN **Plumbing** - art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings. - from the La...

# ENGINEERING UTILITIES 2 ## GROUP 1 ### PLUMBING DESIGN **Plumbing** - art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances out of buildings. - from the Latin word 'plumbum' for lead (Pb), a metal used as plumbing material by the Romans, preferred for its twin properties of malleability and resistance to acid. **Plumber** - a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation. - derived from the ancient Roman word plumbarius. **HISTORY** * **Pipes:** from baked clay and straw to first copper plumbing pipes (ancient Egypt). * **Aqueducts and public baths:** (ancient Greece). * **Terracotta pipes:** used by the Minoans (ancient Greece). * **Aqueducts:** Latin for waterway (Roman Period). * **Lead piping:** transports water at great distances without losing pressure (Roman Period). * **Flush toilet:** invented by Sir John Harington (Renaissance Era). * **Cast iron pipes, steam-powered pumps, and municipal water supplies:** (Renaissance Era). * **Copper and PVC pipes:** (modern era). **HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES** * Plumbing was introduced by the Spaniards in the 17th century in the walled city of Intramuros. * 18th and 19th centuries: repairing, remodeling, and maintaining the systems in plumbing. * 1935: National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP). * Ordinance 2411: "The Plumbing Code for the City of Manila". * June 18, 1955: Republic Act No. 1378 Plumbing Law of the Philippines, approved by President Ramon Magsaysay. * JANUARY 28, 1959: first amendment to the national plumbing code, which included the Asbestos Cement Pipe. * 1972: Republic Act No. 6541 Building Code of the Philippines. * 1996: NAMPAP President Jaime M. Cabase led the updating of the revised National Plumbing Code. **NAMPAP** - responsible for holding regular national convention as well as regional conferences. - forums where dealers, suppliers, and manufacturers of plumbing tools, equipment, materials, and services are given the opportunity to conduct product presentations. **BASIC PRINCIPLES** * **Objectives:** * To supply water to different parts of your houses or buildings. * To properly remove human waste or any substances out of your houses or buildings into the public sewer or septic tank. **Principles** 1. All premises intended for human habitation, occupancy or use shall be provided with a supply of pure and wholesome water. 2. Plumbing fixtures, devices, and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at adequate pressure. 3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water. 4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from explosion. 5. Every building having plumbing fixtures installed and intended for human habitation, occupancy or use on premises abutting on a street, alley, or easement where there is a public sewer, shall be connected to the sewer system. 6. Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewage-disposal system shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene. 7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth nonabsorbent material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures. 8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed, and maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids, clogging, and with adequate cleanouts. 9. All pipings of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP approved materials, free from defective workmanship, designed and constructed by registered master plumbers. 10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap. 11. The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration, or forcing of trap seals. 12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to preempt clogging and the return of foul air to the building. 13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the workmanship. 14. No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixture, destroy the pipes or their joints, or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage system. 15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods, and similar materials by backflow of sewage. 16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and ventilated. 17. If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in buildings where there is no sewer within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.