Structural Engineering PDF

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING By: JERICK C. BAGAY BRIXX P. BULUT JERWIN L. ALUPAY DEAN PAOLO D. CASTILLO  What is Structural Engineering? - A SUBSET OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FOCUSING ON THE “BONES AND MUSCLES” OF MAN-MADE STRUCTURES. - THE TERM STRUCTU...

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING By: JERICK C. BAGAY BRIXX P. BULUT JERWIN L. ALUPAY DEAN PAOLO D. CASTILLO  What is Structural Engineering? - A SUBSET OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, FOCUSING ON THE “BONES AND MUSCLES” OF MAN-MADE STRUCTURES. - THE TERM STRUCTURAL DERIVES FROM THE LATIN WORD STRUCTUS, WHICH MEANS “TO PILE, TO ASSEMBLE”, WHILE THE TERM ENGINEER DERIVES FROM THE OLD FRENCH TERM ENGIN, MEANING “SKILL, CLEVERNESS” AND ALSO “WAR MACHINE”.  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CABLE AND COLUMNS BEAMS SLABS TRUSSES PLATES SHELLS FRAMES ARCHES TENSION FOUNDATIONS MEMBERS  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING -Vertical structural elements that primarily resist compression COLUMNS forces. Types: Short Columns, Long Columns, Tied Columns, Spiral Columns. Examples: Pillars in buildings, Posts in bridges. -Horizontal structural members designed to carry vertical loads. BEAMS Types: Simply Supported beams, cantilever beams, continuous beams Examples: Floor Joist, Roof Rafters, Bridge girders.  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING -Flat, horizontal surfaces that distribute loads across multiple SLABS beams or supports. Types: One-way slabs, two-way slabs flat slabs, ribbed slabs Examples: Floors, roofs, bridge decks. -It is a framework consisting of members arranged in triangular TRUSSES units, used to support loads and resist bending. Types: Pratt truss, Warren truss, Howe truss Examples: Roof trusses, bridge trusses, tower  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING -two-dimensional elements used to carry loads across a large PLATES surface. Types: Thin plates, thick plates Examples: floor slabs, steel plates in bridge decks, ship hulls -curved structures designed to carry loads efficiently across their SHELLS surface. Types: Cylindrical shells, spherical shells, hyperbolic parabloid shells Examples: Domes, large roofs  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING -A system of beams and columns that support loads. FRAMES Types: Rigid frames, pin-jointed frames, moment-resisting frames Examples: Building skeletons, industrial frameworks -Curved structures that primarily carry loads through ARCHES compression Types: Fixed Arches, two hinge arches, three-hinge arches Examples: Bridge arches, vaults  ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CABLES AND -Structural elements that carry loads by tension forces. TENSION MEMBERS Examples: Suspension bridge cables, tension members in trusses -Substructures that transfer the loads of the structure to the FOUNDATIONS ground Types: Shallow foundations, deep foundations Examples: Building footings  Milestones of how the Structural Engineering Has Progressed Throughout Time 2700 BC- The step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep. 2560 BC- The Great Pyramid of Giza was built. 3rd BC – Archimedes published his work On the Equilibrium of Planes. 1st BC – Vitruvius recorded in his De Architectura the methods, materials, and machines used by ancient Romans to build structures such as aqueducts, thermae, columns, lighthouses, defensive walls, and harbors.  Milestones of how the Structural Engineering Has Progressed Throughout Time 1826 – Claude-Louis Navier published the Elastic Theory of Beams 1858 – Henry Bessemer successfully completed the conversion of cast iron into cast steel. 1867 - The creation of the Monier system of reinforced structures. 1889- The wrought-iron Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin.  Milestones of how the Structural Engineering Has Progressed Throughout Time 1930 – Professor Hardy Cross Developed Moment Distribution Method. 1955- The world of engineering saw some of the most innovative structural designs for skyscrapers, including the Tube Structural Systems, Framed Tube, Trussed Tube and X-Bracing, Bundle Tube, Tube in Tube, and Shear Wall Frame Interaction System.  Milestones of how the Structural Engineering Has Progressed Throughout Time 1982 – Autodesk Co. introduced AutoCAD. 2002 – The terms “Building Information Model” and “Building Information Modeling,” including the acronym “BIM” was popularized after Autodesk released a White Paper entitled “Building Information Modeling,”  WHAT DO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS DO? Structural engineers address the design, construction, and maintenance of public works. They are responsible for designing and constructing physical structures to withstand external pressures.  Structural engineers work either as: Consultants - spends most of their time in an office environment. Contractors - spend most of their time in the construction site  COMMON INDUSTRIES THAT STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS CAN WORK IN: Airports Coastal and Marine Structures Buildings Bridges Energy Power Plants Railways Highways Tunnels Water and Public Health Structures  How to Earn a degree Get your FE certification be a Complete your licensure Consider joining professional Structural organizations Prepare your resume Engineer? Apply to a structural engineer position  WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURAL ENGINEER, CIVIL ENGINEER, AND ARCHITECT? Structural engineer - responsible for making sure that the structures we use in our daily lives, like bridges and tall buildings, are safe, stable and don’t collapse under applied loads Civil engineer - conceive, design, build, supervise, operate, construct and maintain infrastructure projects and systems in the public and private sector. Architect - create designs for new construction projects, alterations and redevelopments.  TYPES OF WORKS Civil engineers work closely with contractors, clients, and employees to ensure cohesiveness and efficiency. You'll typically find them working on projects such as: Roads, Bridges, Buildings, Sewage Systems, Railways, Airports, Dams, Pipelines. Structural engineers are typically called on when they are needed to approve materials for a design or need to help solve a structural problem. Their work centers on structural elements of projects, such as; Beams, Columns, Girders, Shear Walls, Rafters, Trusses, Support Systems, Foundations.  The civil engineers are often responsible for the overall site design and coordination, while the structural engineers ensure that load-bearing elements are appropriately sized and positioned to support the intended loading.  FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL VS. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Civil engineers’ functions primarily include: Site Technical and Design layout Preparation of Construction Regulatory Risk investigations feasibility and materials construction site compliance management and analysis studies proposals documents and management management cost estimates Structural engineers’ functions can include all aspects of the civil engineer functions, plus: Area Construction Building code Building Demolition Damage inspections and materials implementation inspections management assessments site appraisals evaluations  “STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ARE CIVIL ENGINEERS, BUT NOT ALL CIVIL ENGINEERS ARE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS.”  EDUCATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Civil engineering is a Structural engineering is four year bachelor later on, a course that is course that is offered as taken up by civil first degree in engineers. universities.  WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS? Structural engineers and architects both design building projects. Structural engineers consider the strength and durability when designing a building, while architects focus more on the appearance of the building. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS, CIVIL ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS ALL WORKS TOWARDS THE SAME GOAL  The Role of the Structural Engineer The role of structural engineer is an essential element in the construction process. Structural engineering is a specialized discipline within the broader discipline of civil engineering, where structural engineering is concerned with the design and integrity of structures such as, buildings, bridges, and monuments.  The Role of the Structural Engineer Design Investigation Communication Management Training  STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Analyze Maps, Oversee Hire Design Project Write Reports Blueprints, and Construction Engineering Plans and Estimates Charts Sites Staff THANK YOU!