Drugs Used in Mood Disorders Part 1.docx

**Drugs Used in Mood Disorders** \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Drugs Used in Mood Disorders\*\* 1\. \*\*Which neurotransmitters are primarily involved in the pathophysiology of depression?\*\* \- A. Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine \- B. GABA, acetylcholine, histamine \- C. Cortisol, estro...

**Drugs Used in Mood Disorders** \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Drugs Used in Mood Disorders\*\* 1\. \*\*Which neurotransmitters are primarily involved in the pathophysiology of depression?\*\* \- A. Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine \- B. GABA, acetylcholine, histamine \- C. Cortisol, estrogen, dopamine \- D. Epinephrine, cortisol, serotonin \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine 2\. \*\*Which of the following drugs is indicated for bipolar disorder?\*\* \- A. Paroxetine \- B. Sertraline \- C. Lithium \- D. Fluoxetine \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Lithium 3\. \*\*How long does it typically take for antidepressants to show clinical improvement in patients?\*\* \- A. 1 week \- B. 2-4 weeks \- C. 5 days \- D. 3 months \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 2-4 weeks【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 2: Depression - DSM-5 Criteria\*\* 1\. \*\*According to DSM-5, how many symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of depression?\*\* \- A. At least 3 \- B. 5 or more \- C. 6-10 \- D. At least 2 \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 5 or more 2\. \*\*Which of the following is one of the two mandatory symptoms for a depression diagnosis according to DSM-5?\*\* \- A. Weight gain \- B. Insomnia \- C. Depressed mood \- D. Fatigue \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Depressed mood 3\. \*\*Which of the following symptoms should NOT be included when diagnosing depression according to DSM-5?\*\* \- A. Loss of interest \- B. Depressed mood \- C. Weight gain due to medical condition \- D. Psychomotor retardation \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Weight gain due to medical condition【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 3: Pathophysiology of Depression\*\* 1\. \*\*Which hypothesis suggests that depression is related to a deficiency in serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine?\*\* \- A. Neuroendocrine hypothesis \- B. Monoamine hypothesis \- C. Neurotrophic hypothesis \- D. Glutamate hypothesis \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Monoamine hypothesis 2\. \*\*Which factor is associated with a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with depression?\*\* \- A. Glucocorticoid receptor binding \- B. Elevated norepinephrine levels \- C. Elevated serotonin levels \- D. Decreased cortisol levels \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Glucocorticoid receptor binding 3\. \*\*Which hormone dysregulation is often found in patients with depression, according to the neuroendocrine hypothesis?\*\* \- A. Prolactin \- B. Cortisol \- C. Insulin \- D. Testosterone \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Cortisol【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 4: Depression Symptom Mnemonic\*\* 1\. \*\*Which symptom is represented by the \"I\" in the mnemonic for depression symptoms?\*\* \- A. Irritability \- B. Insomnia \- C. Interest loss \- D. Impulsivity \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Interest loss 2\. \*\*What does the \"S\" in the depression mnemonic represent?\*\* \- A. Sleep disturbance \- B. Suicidal ideation \- C. Sadness \- D. Self-esteem issues \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Sleep disturbance 3\. \*\*Which symptom in the mnemonic indicates potential weight fluctuations?\*\* \- A. Sleep disturbance \- B. Psychomotor changes \- C. Appetite changes \- D. Energy loss \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Appetite changes【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 5: Normal Brain Physiology\*\* 1\. \*\*Which neurotransmitter is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep?\*\* \- A. Dopamine \- B. Norepinephrine \- C. Serotonin \- D. GABA \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Serotonin 2\. \*\*What enzyme degrades serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft?\*\* \- A. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) \- B. Acetylcholinesterase \- C. Glutaminase \- D. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) 3\. \*\*Which neurotransmitter is responsible for mood regulation and cognitive functions like memory and learning?\*\* \- A. GABA \- B. Serotonin \- C. Dopamine \- D. Norepinephrine \*\*Answer:\*\* D. Norepinephrine【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 6: Neurotrophic Hypothesis\*\* 1\. \*\*The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression focuses on which protein related to neural plasticity and resilience?\*\* \- A. Serotonin \- B. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) \- C. Cortisol \- D. Dopamine \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 2\. \*\*What effect do antidepressants have on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels?\*\* \- A. Decrease BDNF levels \- B. Stabilize BDNF levels \- C. Increase BDNF levels \- D. No effect on BDNF levels \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Increase BDNF levels 3\. \*\*Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with a reduction in BDNF levels in depression?\*\* \- A. Glucocorticoid receptor activation \- B. Chronic stress \- C. Increased norepinephrine \- D. Elevated cortisol levels \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Increased norepinephrine【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 7: Neuroendocrine Hypothesis\*\* 1\. \*\*Which hormone is commonly elevated in patients with depression according to the neuroendocrine hypothesis?\*\* \- A. Estrogen \- B. Insulin \- C. Cortisol \- D. Melatonin \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Cortisol 2\. \*\*Thyroid dysregulation is present in approximately what percentage of patients with depression?\*\* \- A. 5% \- B. 10% \- C. 25% \- D. 50% \*\*Answer:\*\* C. 25% 3\. \*\*What neuroendocrine factor may contribute to mood symptoms in postpartum depression?\*\* \- A. Low cortisol levels \- B. Estrogen deficiency \- C. Low prolactin levels \- D. Testosterone deficiency \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Estrogen deficiency【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 8: Monoamine Hypothesis\*\* 1\. \*\*Which class of drugs supports the monoamine hypothesis by increasing serotonin and norepinephrine levels?\*\* \- A. Antipsychotics \- B. SSRIs and SNRIs \- C. Benzodiazepines \- D. Anticonvulsants \*\*Answer:\*\* B. SSRIs and SNRIs 2\. \*\*Which neurotransmitter, according to the monoamine hypothesis, is NOT typically implicated in depression?\*\* \- A. Dopamine \- B. Serotonin \- C. Acetylcholine \- D. Norepinephrine \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Acetylcholine 3\. \*\*Which drug mentioned in the evidence for the monoamine hypothesis blocks central monoamine activity and can cause depression in some patients?\*\* \- A. Propranolol \- B. Fluoxetine \- C. Venlafaxine \- D. Lithium \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Propranolol【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 9: Neurotrophic Hypothesis\*\* 1\. \*\*What is a critical function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain?\*\* \- A. Regulating appetite \- B. Promoting neural plasticity and neurogenesis \- C. Increasing serotonin breakdown \- D. Inhibiting cortisol release \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Promoting neural plasticity and neurogenesis 2\. \*\*Which of the following supports the neurotrophic hypothesis in the treatment of depression?\*\* \- A. Increased BDNF levels with antidepressant therapy \- B. Increased cortisol levels in patients on antidepressants \- C. Lower dopamine levels in response to therapy \- D. Increased norepinephrine with treatment \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Increased BDNF levels with antidepressant therapy 3\. \*\*Which of the following is associated with a reduction in BDNF synthesis in the brain?\*\* \- A. Glucocorticoid receptor binding \- B. Elevated testosterone levels \- C. Low serotonin levels \- D. Increased norepinephrine activity \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Glucocorticoid receptor binding【33†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 10: Mechan ism of Antidepressants\*\* 1\. \*\*How do most antidepressants work to alleviate depression symptoms?\*\* \- A. By blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake \- B. By blocking dopamine breakdown \- C. By stimulating cortisol release \- D. By increasing acetylcholine levels \*\*Answer:\*\* A. By blocking serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake 2\. \*\*Which neurotransmitter is most affected by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?\*\* \- A. Norepinephrine \- B. Dopamine \- C. Serotonin \- D. GABA \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Serotonin 3\. \*\*Why do antidepressants typically take several weeks to show efficacy?\*\* \- A. They need time to decrease serotonin levels \- B. They require time to increase BDNF synthesis \- C. They work immediately but require close monitoring \- D. They must first decrease norepinephrine activity \*\*Answer:\*\* B. They require time to increase BDNF synthesis【33†source】