Dr Azza’s Booklet on Infectious Diseases PDF

arthropor (insects) mosquito and ticks encephalaitis: togo, flavi(like yellow fever), bunya most fatal...

arthropor (insects) mosquito and ticks encephalaitis: togo, flavi(like yellow fever), bunya most fatal children and young adult start treatment when suspected after csf sampling 3 stages: 1- naso phayrngeal 2- invasive meningitis ( meningeo coccaemia) 3- meningitic stage (cerebrospinal meningitis ) if appropriste treatment the organism will disappear from naso pharynx within 24 hrs => not communicable anymore alot of carriers > cases carried in nasopharynx less than 1 year : fever + bulging fontanelle if >1 year: fever + neck stiffness+ alter concsussiuos + kerning sign (lock knee) +brusinski( flexion of neck gives flexion in hip)  highly virulent: A, C then B carriers more than cases now 10%  polysaccharide el haj another vaccine: conjugate for serotype B (not A, B) so if traveling to meningitis belt take both vaccines from surface protein  and 3rd generation chephalosporon for 4 days ceftriaxone 250 mg IM 1 dose to adults and child 125 mg > 12 years and for pregnant  reemerging means that the infection started again after decreas e in prevalance immerging start of new disease aim to control not eliminate tendency to chronicity prevalnce = old + new cases over total due to nglect and poor applicationn of the program resistence has started ppd +ve highly resistant waxy wall => acid fast bicilli under mirco +difficult to kill bascteria post primary infection due to dec immunity miliary means severe extra pulmonary wet more dangerous since it is more infectious morning new: 1 positive smear is enough not highly communicability => nor considered as reservior means fluctuation short (appear and disappear fast)/ periodic (every season or couple of years/ long (secular, may be upward or downward (inc or dec)) overcrowding appear in same family due to similar circumstances  gohn focus ( but since unnoticed) GI tb unpasterized milk in macrophage in the cassias cells ethambutol is also added to treatment no carier in TB and direct prevent miliary TB smear positive or negative  SPUTUM TAKEN BY INHALATION OF HYPEROSMOLAR FLUID OR BROCHOSCOPE OR GASTRIC ASPIRATION PPD  change in size but still not reach cut point has no significance dont give treatment unless radiographic suggests TB if not enough vacination start by tubercillin negative donesnt hurt if the patient is tubercillin positive to test the efficacy of vaccine examine by someone tubercillin negative and give him vaccine then test if became positive => gd affect mainly eyes and nerve and skin + loss of fingers and loss of sensation by sandfly, kala azar change job to less physical require wrong dose or injection or factory never give BCG or OPV if immuno commprimidsed is mentioned like OPV