Citizenship and Democracy: A Guide to Civic Education - PDF

The document discusses citizenship and its significance in a democratic society. It explains the importance of civic education in understanding government functions and developing a critical perspective on being an active and responsible citizen. Key Points: 1. Decision-Making a. Cana...

The document discusses citizenship and its significance in a democratic society. It explains the importance of civic education in understanding government functions and developing a critical perspective on being an active and responsible citizen. Key Points: 1. Decision-Making a. Canada is a pluralistic society with diverse groups, values, and opinions. b. Two opposing views on governance: i. Some believe people are inherently good and should be free to make their own decisions. ii. Others believe strict laws are necessary to maintain order and stability. c. Two main governance systems: i. Autocracy – Power is concentrated in the hands of a small group. ii. Democracy – Power is in the hands of the people, who participate in decision-making. 2. Origins and Principles of Democracy a. Ancient Greece (5th century BCE) – People protested against a small privileged group making decisions and demanded a voice. b. Eventually, all free men over 18, born in the city, could participate in public affairs, vote, own property, and defend themselves in court. c. Fundamental principles of democracy: i. Citizens must have a say in decision-making. ii. All must be treated equally. iii. Everyone has fundamental rights and freedoms. iv. Citizens must act responsibly towards others. v. A sense of social justice is essential. 3. Citizens’ Rights a. Civil Rights – Equality before the law, freedom of speech, thought, and religion, property rights. b. Political Rights – Right to vote, run for office, and participate in elections. c. Social Rights – Right to a certain level of economic and social well-being, full participation in society. 4. Democratic Decision-Making a. Majority Rule – Decisions are made based on the majority’s choice.  b. Minority Rights – Even though the majority rules, minority rights must be protected. c. Consensus Decision-Making – In some democratic societies, decisions are made collectively, ensuring that all members agree, even if they are not fully satisfied. 5. Citizens’ Responsibilities a. Stay informed about social issues. b. Listen to and respect others' opinions and rights. c. Use skills and abilities for the community’s benefit. d. Actively defend rights—both personal and collective. e. Obey the law, including paying taxes and serving on a jury if required. 6. Common Goals of a Society a. Ensuring essential needs (food, housing, healthcare). b. Reducing crime rates. c. Improving the education system. d. Strengthening trade and relations with other countries. 7. How to Participate in Decision-Making a. Work for a political party. b. Help during elections. c. Join protests and petitions. d. Write to government representatives. Conclusion The document emphasizes that citizens play a crucial role in democracy. Their participation and responsibility shape society and ensure that democracy remains strong and fair.