DOC-20240925-WA0020^.pdf

PATEL AVNI(340A) ‹question> What clinical discipline studies the signs of diseases and clinical methods of their detection? ~SYMPTOMATOLOGY / SEMEIOLOGY. question» What is the name of the sign of a pathological condition? ~ SYMPTOM. question> What is semiology? ~ STUDY OF SYMPTOM...

PATEL AVNI(340A) ‹question> What clinical discipline studies the signs of diseases and clinical methods of their detection? ~SYMPTOMATOLOGY / SEMEIOLOGY. question» What is the name of the sign of a pathological condition? ~ SYMPTOM. question> What is semiology? ~ STUDY OF SYMPTOM & SIGNS OF DISEASES. ‹question» What is a nosological unit? ~ A DISTINCT DISEASE / MEDICAL CONDITION. ‹question» What kind of document is a patient's medical history? ~ MEDICAL RECORD / CASE HISTORY. question> Who said "A properly collected anamnesis is half the diagnosis"? ~ HIPPOCRATES. ‹question> To which section of the medical history does the epidemiological anamnesis belong? ~ ANAMNESIS ( medical history). ‹question > To which section of the medical history does the allergy history belong? ~ ANAMNESIS ( past medical history). ‹question> To which section of the medical history does the hereditary anamnesis belong? ~ ANAMNESIS ( Family medical history). ‹question> To which section of the medical history does the social and everyday anamnesis belong? ~ ANAMNESIS ( medical history). ‹question> What symptom is called pathognomonic? ~ CHARACTERISTIC OF A SPECIFIC DISEASE. ‹question> Which section of the medical history includes previous surgeries and injuries? ~ PAST MEDICAL HISTORY. ‹question> Which section of the medical history includes the patient's bad habits? ~ SOCIAL & EVERYDAY ANAMNESIS. ‹question> What is included in the additional questioning? ~ OBJECTIVE METHOD or CLARIFICATION. question> Which section includes the clari cation of the sequence of onset of disease symptoms? ~ DISEASES HISTORY. ‹question> What question do you start with when collecting anamnesis of the disease? ~ What brings you to the doctor?” or “What’s your chief complaint?” What is the name for an increase in body temperature above 41°C? ~ HYPERPYREXIA. What is the sequence of a general examination? ~ Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation. What are the signs of a stuporous state? ~ consciousness, confusion, disorientation. < question> What are the signs of a hypersthenic constitution? ~ Athletic build, strong muscles, broad chest. ‹question> What elements of the skin rash are not palpable? ~ MACULES, PATCHES. ‹question> How does the examination of the patient "from the outside in" begin during a general examination? ~ INSPECTION. < question> What are the signs of a soporous state? ~ Drowsiness, sleepiness, dif culty arousing. < question> What groups of lymph nodes can be palpated normally? ~ CERVICAL, AXILLARY, INGUINAL. fi fi  What elements of the skin rash contain purulent contents? ~ PUSTULES, ABSCESSES. ‹question> What are the signs of a normosthenic constitution? ~ AVERAGE BUILD, PROPORTIONAL BODY. < question> The patient is bothered by pain, dizziness, increased fatigue. What symptoms do the above complaints belong to? ~ SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS. What are the signs of a disease that a doctor discovers during a patient's examination called? ~ OBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS. ‹question> What is the set of symptoms caused by a single development mechanism called? ~ SYNDROME. ‹question> What document is a patient's medical history? ~ CASE HISTORY. ‹question» What does the classical method of direct clinical examination of the patient necessarily include? ~ IPPA ( Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation). ‹question What studies are related to the main methods? ~ LABORATORY, IMAGING. Name an additional research method of examination? ~ ENDOSCOPY.  Which research method is subjective? ~ ANAMNESIS. What is the detailing of complaints? ~ CLARIFICATION. Choose the correct sequence of questioning: ~ Chief complaint History of present illness Past medical history Family history Social history. < question2>What complaints are called the main ones? ‹variant> Complaints characteristic of damage to a particular organ system. ‹variant> Any complaints of the patient. Complaints characterizing the severity of the condition ‹variant> Complaints that are not related to health ‹variant> Any complaints presented by the patient ‹question> Which of the following is of primary importance for identifying acute infectious diseases? ~ EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANAMNESIS. < question:> Which of the following is of primary importance for identifying congenital diseases? ~ FAMILY HISTORY. < question> To which section of the medical history does a complaint about an allergic reaction to penicillin belong? ~ ALLERGY HISTORY. < question> Where does the examination of the patient begin? ~ INSPECTION. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ < questio> At what level of consciousness disorder does the patient have poor orientation in the surrounding environment, answer questions slowly and belatedly? ~ SOMNOLENCE. < question> What forced position does a patient with exudative pleurisy take? ~ SITTING UP, LEANING FORWARD. What attack is characterized by a forced stop (freezing) during walking, physical activity? ~ FREEZING EPISODE ( Parkinson’s disease). Orthopnea position alleviates the patient’s condition by reducing: ~ BREATHING DIFFICULTIES. What forced position does a patient with exudative pericarditis prefer? ~ SITTING UP, LEANING FORWARD. What forced position in bed does a patient with an exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease take? ~ Fetal position. ‹question» A 28-year-old male student was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain. He lies on the couch, pulling his knees to his stomach, groaning from pain. He answers questions. What position is the patient in bed? ~ Fetal position. < question> The patient is conscious, motionless, the head and limbs hang down due to their weight. What position is the patient in? ~ FLACCID. ‹question» At what level of impaired consciousness is the patient in a state of stupor, poorly oriented in the surrounding environment, does not answer questions at all or answers slowly, in monosyllables, all types of sensitivity are reduced? ~ STUPOR. ‹question» At what level of impaired consciousness does the patient lie motionless, eyes closed, face amimic, does not answer questions, reacts to strong stimuli with stereotypical protective motor, sometimes unarticulated vocal reactions: ~ COMA. question» At what level of impaired consciousness does deep inhibition of higher nervous activity occur, accompanied by complete loss of consciousness, sensitivity and movement: ~ DEEP COMA. Question> What is related to irritative disorder of consciousness? ~ DELIRIUM. ‹question> What color does the skin acquire when the level of reduced hemoglobin in the peripheral blood increases? ~ PALE. Question> What causes the bluish (“cyanosis”) color of the skin? ~ HYPOXIA. Question> What causes the pallor of the skin? ~ VASOCONSTRICTION. Question> What causes plethoric skin coloration? ~ VASODILATION. ‹question> What pathology causes the skin to have a “coffee with milk” color? ~ HEMOCHROMATOSIS. ‹question> What pathology causes the skin to acquire a bronze coloration? ~ ADDISON’S DISEASE. < question> What pathology causes the skin, visible mucous membranes and sclera to acquire a jaundiced color? ~ HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. ‹question> What is the name of the pathological deformation of the spine in the form of a curvature with a convexity forward? ~ KYPHOSIS.  ‹question> What is the name of the pathological deformation of the spine in the form of a curvature with a convexity backward? ~ LORDOSIS. ‹question> What is the name of a face with an anxious or frightened expression, with the eyeballs shifting forward, accompanied by widening of the palpebral ssure? < variant› Graves’ face ~ EXOPHTHALMOS. ‹question> Choose a description of “Corvisart face” ~ CARDIAC FAILURE. < question> What is characteristic of “facies nephritica”? ~ KIDNEY DISEASE. < question> What is characteristic of the “Hippocratic face”? ~ TERMINAL ILLNESS. ‹question> For patients with what pathology is a “moon-shaped” face characteristic? ~ CUSHING’S SYNDROME. ‹question > What pathology causes changes in nails in the form of “watch glasses” and ngers in the form of “drumsticks”? ~ CLUBBING ( lung disease). < question> What pathological process causes chest pain? ~ ANGINA. ‹question> What pathological process causes hemoptysis? ~ PULMONARY EMBOLISM. < question> What pathological process in the lungs is characterized by hectic fever? ~ TUBERCULOSIS. ‹question> What is typical for suffocation in bronchial asthma? fi fi ~ STATUS ASTHMATICUS. < question> What pathology is characterized by cough with separation of purulent sputum with an unpleasant odor? ~ BRONCHIECTASIS. ‹question> For which pathology is hemoptysis not characteristic? ~ BRONCHITIS. ‹question» Expiratory dyspnea is characterized by: ~ OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE. Question» Inspiratory dyspnea is characterized by: ~ OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE. Question» What kind of dyspnea is caused by a mechanical obstruction in the upper respiratory tract? ~ UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. ‹question> What syndrome is characterized by stabbing pain in the chest? ~ PRECORDIAL CATCH SYNDROME. ‹question> When is a coughing t with hard-to-separate viscous (glassy) sputum observed? ~ BRONCHITIS. ‹question> When is abundant purulent sputum secreted, up to 200-300 ml per day? ~ BRONCHIECTASIS. When is rusty sputum released? ~ PNEUMONIA. With what pathology is sputum foul-smelling? ~ LUNG ABSCESS. ‹question> For what pathology is three-layer sputum characteristic? ~ BRONCHIECTASIS. ‹question> The cause of chest pain of a re ex nature can be: fi fl  ~ GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX. «question> Daily temperature uctuations exceed I°C, but there is no decrease to normal. What type of temperature curve is this? ~ REMITTENT. < question> The elevated body temperature persists for several days or weeks with daily uctuations of 1°C. What type of temperature curve is this? ~ SUSTAINED. ‹question> Fever characterized by alternating periods of normal and elevated body temperature. What type of temperature curve is this? ~ INTERMITTENT. Chest pain occurs when: ~ PLEURISY. < question> The main complaints of patients with respiratory diseases include: ~ DYSPNEA, COUGH, CHEST PAIN. ‹question> Gentle breathing and coughing are observed when: ~ PNEUMOTHORAX. Stitching pain in the chest associated with the act of breathing is observed when:. ~ PLEURISY. fl fi fl fl < question> A coughing t with hard-to-separate viscous sputum is observed when: ~ BRONCHITIS. < question> Rusty phlegm is released when: ~ PNEUMONIA. < question> Fetid phlegm is released when ~ LUNG ABSCESS. Specify the normosthenie shape of the chest: ~ SYMMETRICAL, PROPORTIONAL. < question> Specify the asthenic form of the chest: ~ NARROW, ELONGATED. < question> Specify the hypersthenic form of the chest: ~ BROAD, MUSCULAR. < question> Specify the paralytic form of the chest: ~ FLACCID. < question> Specify the emphysematous shape of the chest: ~ BARREL-SHAPED. ‹question> Specify the signs of “shoemaker’s chest”: ~ PECTUS EXCAVATUM ( sunken chest). Plasma proteins include: 1) keratins 2) elastin 3) globulins + fi 4) scleroproteins 5) collagens C-REACTIVE PROTEIN: 1) marker of diabetes 2) acute phase protein + 3) marker of prostatitis 4) a component of the anticoagulant system 5) marker of rheumatic process Causes azotemia: 1) reduction of glomerular ltration + 2) retention of sodium in the body 3) glucosuria 4) reduction of protein synthesis 5) lack of potassium The speci c activity of ALT occurs in cells: 1) myocardium 2) + of the liver 3) skeletal muscle 4) kidney 5) pancreas The greatest diagnostic value in pancreatic diseases is blood serum to determine the activity 1) cholinesterase 2) alpha-amylase + 3) of the CC 4) of LDG 5) of GGT fi fi  < question> The main part of amino acids A. is used to synthesize nucleic acids B. used to synthesize proteins V. undergoes deamination G. undergoes reamination D. undergoes decarboxylation Albumin is not involved: 1. lipoprotective lipase activation + 2. to regulate potassium concentration in plasma 3. to the transport of fatty acids 4. regulation of hormone concentration 5. to maintain the stability of the internal environment Dysproteinemia is: 1. increase in total protein concentration 2. decrease in total protein concentration 3. decrease in brinogen level 4. violation of the ratio of plasma protein fractions + 5. decrease in albumin concentration The concentration of which of the listed acute phase proteins increase is evident during bacterial in ammation? 1) haptoglobin 2) ceruloplasmin 3) + of CRB 4) transferrin 5) brinogen The ratio of AST/ALT activity decreases (De-Ritis coef cient): 2) 1) during acute and persistent viral hepatitis + fi fi fl fi 2) in myocardial infarction 3) intrahepatic cholestasis 4) in fatty liver dystrophy 5) during myositis ESR does not accelerate : body mass and its volume. Acute virus should be studied for early diagnosis of hepatitis B: A. bilirubin fractions B. serum iron B. all the mentioned compounds D. the activity of aminotransferases + D. alkaline phosphatase Proteins found in blood serum: albumins; α1-, α2-, β- and γ- globulins; proteoso-peptones; lactoferrin What is glycated hemoglobin? 1) Glucose complex with COHb 2) Glucose complex with HbA + 3) Glucose complex with NbF 4) combining fructose with HbA 5) combination of fructose with COHb Transferrin is a compound of globulin: 1) with magnesium 2) with iron + 3) with sodium 4) with cobalt 5) with calcium < question> When studying lipid pro le indicators, the following condition should be observed: fi 1) taking blood on an empty stomach 2) storage of samples only in the form of heparinized plasma 3) clean the dish from oil 4) switch to a cholesterol-free diet 2-3 days before blood sampling 5) dehydrating dishes < question> A life-threatening condition is a decrease in the total protein level in the blood: 1) 40 g / l + 2) 60 g / l 3) 55 g / l 4) 50 g / l 5) 30 g / l The main function of B-lymphocytes is: 1) participation in the synthesis of lipids 2) regulation of microcirculation 3) synthesis of immunoglobulins + 4) regulation of tissue trophism 5) participation in blood clotting The protein part of hemoglobin: 1) albumin 2) ceruloplasmin 3) globin + 4) haptoglobin 5) transferrin C-reactive protein: 1) is a normal condition, but in ammation decreases 2) maximum increase in bacterial in ammation + fl fl 3) decrease in viral in ammation 4) occur only in chronic in ammation 5) a sharp decrease in postoperative complications (wound abscess, thrombophlebitis, pneumonia) < question> The basis of the protein structure is 1) polypeptide chain + 2) nucleic acid sequence 3) compounds of amino acids with carbohydrates 4) compounds of keto acids 5) departments (subunits) Denaturation of proteins: 1) violation of quaternary, tertiary and semi-secondary structure + 2) destruction of all structures 3) decrease in solubility 4) protein breakdown into peptides 5) changing the charge of the protein < question> Serum increases during pancreatitis: 1) urokinase 2) glutamate dehydrogenase 3) GGT 4) alkaline phosphatase 5) lipase + < question> The speci c activity of creatine kinase is greatest: 1) + to the myocardium 2) to the prostate gland 3) to the spleen fl fi fl  4) to the kidneys 5) to the lungs 1) to the brain 2) to the liver 3) + to the muscle 4) to the kidneys 5) to the pancreas Patient S., 32 years old, fever, bacterial in ammation was detected, mentioned Which of the acute phase proteins has a higher concentration: 1) haptoglobin 2) ceruloplasmin 3) + of CRB 4) transferrin 5) brinogen Send feedback fi fl