DM Notes PDF

DM -. 1 prevent!ve dent!stry · sealants - 1) therapeut!c mater"als restorat!ve delt - fluor!de releas!ng. m...

DM -. 1 prevent!ve dent!stry · sealants - 1) therapeut!c mater"als restorat!ve delt - fluor!de releas!ng. m · rehab!l!tat!on of - ant!bacter!al M the dent!t!es. Crepa!r/replace 2) protect!ve matr!ds > mater!als - - f!ssue sealats (prevents lec!rage) 1) d!rect 2) !nd!rect 3) temporary mater!als > aux!l!ary - (yard!nc) · !n the process of fabr!cat!on -wax , dental store  1700s - gold , !vory , porcela!n > - replacements - wax , gypsum > - !mpress!on mater!al , model -F!nk-ox!de - glue 1800s amalgam - - porcela!n > - !nloy , crown (cern!c) 20th cat. - alloys - cast metals - > crowns , br!dges , part!als -polymer , compoz!tes Cres!n) (dental res!n coup) b!ocapat!b!l!ty : the ab!l!ty of a mater"al to perform w"th host an appropr!ate respese ↳ the react"on of a l!v!ng system to the mater"al presence of a allengers tox!c!ty ↳ not !r!tat!ng f!rst on exposure ↳ dose does subsequent exposure depedent but a ADA FDA ISO FDI , , ,. Talent 2 mast -60-bon chach > - 200-800 N dary 10 gr!nd teup-650 pH + 0. 5-8. 0  MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Mater!al's ab!l!ty to res"st force · · dependent on avant the & s"ze shope Stress : Measure of the "nternel forces act!ng w"th"n a deformable. body measure ofthe average force per un"t crea of surface &sec! area 1) compress!ve stress the stress on mat. to smaller volue 2) tes!le stress (tes!a) the stren that leads to expos!e volume stays constant 3) shear stress the strees !s paralel to the surface  stra!n : chage "n legth per "n"t stree !n when subjected to a te let m!t = deformat!on per of legth and stra!n & streel are proport!cal HOOKE's LAw -the stra!n produced by a stress "s preport!ne to the Stress cast a res = a elast!c stra!n : recoverable deformat!on after removal plast!c stra!n : non-recoverable deformat!on  = tougmes T proport!onal l!m!t : max stress w!thout dev!at!on elast!c l!m!t : max stress w!thout perment deformat!on stress the level mater!al y!eld : stress where bee!ng to funct!on as plast!c manne maxstres beforeature!le ult!mate tes!le strength : ult!mate compress!ve strength : max stress !n compress!on res!l!ence : max avount of energy thats absorbable w!thout permanent deformat!on to stress the mat toughess : the energy requ!red. to the fracture po!nt  MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (YOUNG) Et 4 E = Stress - r!g!dness stra"n Et esnall!a to Po!sson RATIO !ncrease !n length under tens!on w"th decease !n cess-sec. area.R P = decease ese stra!n = A !ncrease av!al sünek duct!ce fracture (!n tens!on) ext. plast!c deformat!on before dövülebilir, yumuşak -kırılmadan deforme olur 3 malleable (!n compress!on, l!tte plast!c deformat!on -deformasyon lüksü yok before fractures (gevrek) br!ttle  3 , hardness : res"stance to penetrat!on when "ndented by a hard aspecty/ab!l!ty to res"st scratch!ng Shore A + rubber value of number ↓o seftrent THERMAL PROPERTIES dest!ne & enavel > - V themal !nsulate (yal!tkal) dental to AT pulp vey sens"t"ve > - thermal conduct!v!ty = k D = theme d!ffus!v!ty l!letkenl!n) lyay!lma) - the rate of heat flow ↑ I go dut"n requ!res P 2. per un!t temp. to ra"se "ts teep. IC = measure of the speed - !nd!cate the way that heat travels through mater!als respend to trans!ent of st!mul! thermal a g"ven th"ckness mater!al , better (2) un!t =lec : -pedess!ng capac!ty  (gelesme thermal expens!on = 2 L coeff!c!ent of themal. = exp = the "ncrease !n legth of a body for each C certa!n!ng mater!al büzüşme electrode potent!al : elevents' tendency to ga!n or lose e- electr!cal res!st!v!ty : res"stence to the flow of current Adhes!on > - !nteract!on between mater!als "n. contact materal capable of bad!ng : adhes"ves "adhes!ve !s appl!ed : adheed Mechan!cal Attachment Chem!cal Adhes!en adves"ve "n undercuts · adhes"ve has chem"cal engages · "n adheed surface aff!n!ty for adheed surface - surface !rregulc!t!es "s respons!ble > - Van der Wals & I band : meak bond & adnes"ve must flow across adh. > - "on"c & covalent l"nks band : stranger ↑ for chem!cal , adhes"ve must wet the adhead  wett!ng : ab!l!ty of the l!qu!d to ma"nta"n contact w"th the sol"d surface > - evaluated by measur!ng contact angle presentpuMeea!npress! at sen · · crown-br!dge · d"e mote"al · b"nde - yellow!sh m"lk result of -metal ox!des/clay redd"sh brown crystall!zat!on calc!um sulfate d!hydrate (Casoy 2H20) ↑ E Casozot theatanave Lason 2120 (d!h!drat) Chen!h!drat /Par!s) hydrat!on 5 type ; (Type 4- d"e Stare) !mpress!on plaster (Typed) h!gh streth defalst · · model plaster (Type2/Par!s) h!gh streete- · · h!gh expang!on · dental store (Type 3) (Type 5-synthet!c stare)  Manufactur!ng of Gypay Pro 1 calc"nat"on Dry % heat!ng the "n cata"ner at 110120 C w"thout gypsum open pressure => Type 1 and Type 2 !m mod"f"ed beta calc"um sulfate hem!hydrate for "mpress"on plaster. 2 Wet calc"nat"on cheat pressure calc"nat"on and steam alfa calc"um sulfate hem!nydrate => Type 3 dental stare /gypson + 125) => Type 4 and 5 obta!ned v!a mod!f!ed wet calc!nat!on / gypsun + 130 calc"um chlor"de solut!on + 100% Gra!ns; 1 &2 Type = large , !rregular , porous , not strong 3 less porous , closer to Type smaller , more regular pr!smat!c = , , each other Type 485 = very hard , smalle, close together , cub!c (d!e stars) TYPE 1 (!mpress!on plaster - B-calc!um sulphate her!hydrate - r!g!d => X undercuts - t ↓ + accelcretor mater!als - + Chem!cals ↓d"mens"onal expans!on TYPE2 (model plaster) !n Labrotory work!ng model - , weak cheap - , - !f strength "s not !mportant TYPE 3 (dental store/set alal) - x-hew!hydrate/ hydrocal - obta"ned by controlled calc"nat"on (117kpA , 123% , 5-7 hours) - closed conta"ner under pressure - nexagoral form used "n d"rable & denad!ng st". - - yellow!sh TYPE 4 & TYPE5 (!mproved dental staes) - obta"ned by net calc!nat!on - !n 30 % Call - desse , cubo"d mest stragest. epp - , - !nlay and crown restorat!on -when h!gh res!stance and hardness are requ!red 4- h!gh !mpact stare , d!e stane , mod!f!ed X-Kem!hydrate 5- synthet!c stare , h!gh !mpact , h!gh expos!ol stane - plaster - d"e Stare ① needs most water ) plaster the = ender ↓ 11 45u) 3- 30m) to 100gr powder 4 - zume  phys!cal propert!es (muravenet) ↳ compress!ve strength ↳ tes!le strength · !nversely propert!el · !nversely prepart!al water ↑CSt water ↑ TSt = br"tte , wee plester * mauplat!on factors affect!ng hardnel eyupsum - water/powder harder!ng mechan"sm of plaster -amant of res"dual water A. d!ssolut!on ater (Göz!me) m!x!ng - - Casey Local!zed around (m!n 301) model renov!ng - Lev!nydratel (cozelve) sett!ng mecha"sm B. prec!p!tat!on center - d!ssolut!on of ben!hydrate - Casoy Local"zal " -nuclet"on and growth of d!nydete d!hydrates - !nterlock!ng crystals = crystall!zat!on foc! "s formed man!pulat!on stafes -4 Cf ↑ horder!ng V m!x!ng-wor!ng-sett!ng - & Factors that affects the Sett!ng T!me ↑ sett!ng t"me ↑ pur!ty : gra!n s"ze ↓ : sett"ng t"me ↓ 4 te o water : Wate sett!n m!x!ng t"me ↑ : sett"ng t"me ↓ > - I m"nute by hand electr"cal m!x!ng style : = >" > - 20 sec at low speed vacun re"ter temp : ↑ sett!ng t!me ↑ 100 X me"stere : ~ sett!ng t"me ↑ add"t"ves : accelorat"on (t!met) KSO4 Nazson Nac , , > - tera alba (d"hydrate res!dues) L > - + macoscop"c slow v"brator weakers g!psun : pour , = reason of challey appearace > M!croscop!c because of - : unreacted res"dual water d!s!nfect!on of models : · !ndefer spraf · %. 1 Nat(l · 15. feel or %2 glutevedd!t to water  5 WaXS. : tuerroplast!c mat sol!d at room ' !f melted they tun fo e mob"le l!qu!d w"thout decompos"t"on general - soft mechan"cal propert!es por prop. cheap character!st!c propert!es I 1 melt!ng range. dot have a certa"n melt"ng po!nt & - mp. - dental wates are not pure , 48-70% = ) mett!ng rage > - 2. sa!d-sol!d tras!t!on terp. / softe!ng trp -chage "n systal structure > - ""n mechan"cal prop. softer moudab > - br!tte sol"d en > - wax ↑ cl!n!cal s!gn!f!cace- "n mouth , sefter!ng temp should be above the mouth teup = ) to prevent defenct!on  3. themal conduct!v!ty (!letkenl!e) -wates are themel conductors poor & t"me "s requ"red I heat to the wax = ext. surface softe heat "s slowly trasfered to "nt. part b when cod!ng = ext. surface tads to cool f!rst contracts the molten "nto part slowly sol!d!f!es and - = "nterne Stress 7. 4 thermal expont!on - contract!on L gelesue-dovalre) when 4 > expand!ng temp -. & waxes have the > - contract!ng" seff!c!ent of Largest themal. exp the rel!ef of the stresse may lead to d!mens!onal changes * temp chages are major catr!but!ng factor for the stresses to prevent , avo!d sudden cod!ng. br!ttleness 5 br!ttle h!ghly ref!ned waxes are - -waxes w!th lower meet!ng tay & w"der melt"ng range are softer , feet!ble te 4 br!tzey e 6. degree of flow - determ!nes the mouldab!tt!ng & stab!l!ty - !mportant "n wax mauplat!on a related on the temp of the wates ↑ mett!ng flow as the po!nt approaches Compet!t!on - : 2+ comparents structure m"neral an"mal t ma"n > - ~ + -ar t of natural wates - paraf!n - beeswax-carnauba wax m"co spermacet!-condel!ta - - crystall!ne wax wax - obta!ned from petrolem ↑ hydracaben ne"x  & araff!n procystall!ne + m!neral - major component - less br"ttle at roomC br"ttle at 2 65-90 room -mett!ng rage - - starts softer"ng "n mouth - !f added to paraff!n softur"ng range 37-55 ↑ melt"ng po"nt - -mett!ng" 48-70 % Beeswax Dermat!wa e spenawde an!mal cr"stall"ne natural part"ally - polyester - det!stry we ~ X "C br!ttle "n roe > - coat"ng of dental flor - soft "n the routh - for cosmet"cs · 63-70 C -mett!ng rage !f added to - paraff!n makes wax les br"ttle armauba plat Wa el!al! > - - leaves of small cadel"ta shrub (nex!c) -mett!ng range 54-91 - !f added to paraf!c - !f added to paraf!n a melt!ng hordness range a melt!ng hordness range  Lab Appl!cat!ons · "nd"rect wat!ng of restorat"on gets replaced by; alloy - form"ngax patten of restorat"on pr!er to cast"ng and meld"ng wax form of res to s"ze & shape "s the same as results · hold!ng comparents before appl!cat!on -spec!al st"cky waxes are used. espec!ally d!ng repa"r procedure · art!f!c!al teeth sett!ng and wax-up for renovable dentures gus!ng baseplate wax box!ng · to border of "mpress"on preserve - - to obta"n better store model - to produce su!table base for stare model gus!ng box!ng and ut!l!ty wat  Cl!n!cal Appl!cat!ons · b!te reg!strat!on - record of the mat"llomand"bular relat!onsh!p transfer to the work"ng cast labrotay "n the correct pos"t"on - !f to obta"n b!te > the pat!ent "s edectulous we use wax r"ms - , reg!strat!on. · adjustment of the !mpress!on tray border = extend"ng the border !f the trey border "s shert cant take "mpress"on - you proper > - "t prevents the "mpress"on from d"stat"on d"rect the wat!ng of resto "n mouth · -wax pattern can be fabr"cated d"rectly over tooth softened unt"l cool"ng wax forced "nto car!ty. - "s 1 a Type !nlay wax - should be just above mouth [ > - ""hard at mouth'c should tolerable > - softer"ng temp be -  6. CLASSIFICATION 1) Pattern Waxes (modellere) mak"ng of wax pattern - & thermal expans"on "s !mportat !f stands t"me !nteral stresses d!mens!onal log changes = , 9) !nlay waxes (!nlay , crown , br!dge used for obta"n"ng wax pattern for f!xed pat!al dentures 160 paraff!n > - base crystall!ne] % 25 carnaba 10 % m"cro e mod!f!er 1 5. beeswax + - colorats It should ; - d!mens!onally stable when cooled - "nternal stress after cooled cr!g!d) > - m"n"mum - flew rate < 11 -. -wet the surface , spread flow w!thout ch!pp!ng - or -when burned > - water vape los!ng smootness T 102 = no res!due - capable of plast!c deformat!on good honogen!ty - b) cast!ng waxes -patten of metall"c framework of renovable denture pat!al to "t "s adapted war"ng cast. - - soft& st"cky 17 should ; - flow rate max %10 at 35 % - not br!ttle when cool"ng - pl!able and adaptable at 40-45 the deta!ls when pressed can copy - , C) base plate wax Type 1- softer wax -wax r"ms for b"te reg!strat!on for : denture construct"on - aragement of art!f!c!al teeth Type 2-> med"um harder cl"mates for : moderate use 1 80: paraff!n 12 beeswax % Type 3 - extra hard 12 5.. carnauba Cr!j!t!es for : trop"cal cl"mates %3 res!ns very stable "n mouth %. 2 8. m"cocrystall"ne or synthet"c wax  2) Impress!on Waxes (ola!) a) correct!ve !mp. waxes used as a wax veree over or!g!nal "mp. for : reg"ster"ng the deta!ls of selt t!ssue + HC waxes (paraff!n & m!cocrystall!ne - flow rate % 100 at 37 % b) b!te reg!strat!on waxes used for obta!n!ng b"te record ↑ beeswax or HC waxes s"m"lar to cast!ng wax - water soffered under warm - & shouldn't melt below mouth 'C or "t can be deformed extraorally 3) Process!ng Waxes (!steu) a) box!ng wax - soft pl!able , , sh!ny loy narou str!ps - - seals eas!ly not w"th spatula b) ut!l!ty wax & most !mp. app. > - extens"on of the !mpress!on tray borders eas!ly ma!pulated - st!cky for over & over loye!ng - beeswax & + paraff!n c) st!cky wax the st"ck metal acyt!c part - gypsum , or should the st"cked parts de because hold > !mportat - r!g!d and "n correct pos!t!on. "f not = deformat"on nom'C non st!cky "n - st!cky when meet!ng adheres closely to surface - , + beeswax. 7 & !nvestment cast!ng · wax pattern should be save as f!n!shed. resto · cast!ng resto w"ll never be good as wax patten because & "nvestment cast!ng procedure - d"stort"ons could !nterfere w"th adjustment of resto. to prevent wax patten should!t be seated cast ; on for long. after wax "s f!n!shed , "t should be covered w"th "nvestment d"e cast "s !solated "solat"on solut"on · w"th. wax patten "s made after · after wax pattern > - !nvestment to form a mold. L J negat!ve form of STEPS ; object 1) !nvest!ng : surround!ng wax pattern w"th mater"al. 2) burnout : renoval of wax pattern to create mold to place the molten alloy 3) cast!ng to mold. : pour!ng alloy  spry!ng the pattern : attach!ng wax patten to a cor!cal baze w!th sprue (cruc!ble former) forme (p!n) spree former : small d"an p!n base attached. cruc!ble former : that spre "s > - tube for refractory mold. attached to the > - b!ggest cusp or the h!ghest t!p length and d!onete of spr!ce - d!stance car se otmeul & before add!ng "nvestment , alcolo"c suspens!on "s appl!ed to !ns!de of cast!ng r"ng. !nvestment : forms the mould to = prevent!ng bubbles ↳ cast of alley. m"xture of mater"al (capable h!gh temp. refractory , of s"l"ca & b"nder w"thout degradat!on) !nvestment should ; the deta!l recorded reproduce "n wax shope s"ze. - , , - be able to ma!nta!n "ts shope and !ntegr!ty "n 1000 (cast!ng "s made "n very h!gh tep) have h!gh strength at that temp. a copress!ve (w!thstand the stress when molten metal entes). - compensate for cast!ng sh!nkage. (cast!ngs centract When cool!ng ? So ; sett!ng expans!on dur!ng harder!ng of would thermal expens!on dur!ng heat!ng of would. burnout renoval of wax create mold. patten to : ↳ temp su"ts the type of alley. for gold > - slow burnout , 450 % % burn > - rap!d , 700 C for M!ll > - 700-900c for Col(r > - 1000  cast!ng mach!nes : a!m !s caus!ng the alley to b types f!ll the !nvestmentwould cav!ty 1) alloy melted n would spree base. 1 or !n a separate cruc!ble !n mach"ne. 2) alloy meled by methods ; gas-a!r torch , oxyacet!ye torch , electr!cal !nduct!on heat!ng electr!cal res!stance melt"ng. 3) alloy dr!ve !nto would by grav!ty , a"r pressure , steam pressure, centr!fugal force. & most popular ① w"th electr"cal "nduct"on heat!ng and forced would "nto w!th centr!fugal force ults "n cast!ng · f!nn!ng and bubbl!ng !f "nvestment "s heated too > rap!aly - ↑ t"me to f!n!sh , can result "n re-cast !f defects occur. ↑ cho"ce of !mpress!on mater!al and techn!que could !nfluence f!nal result i  · !ncomplete cast!ng number and of spres th"ckhess ↑ = read!nessofmetecould but ; must be separated from cast!ng spres moe spr!es , more work. ↑ d!ff!cult to melt we!ght of alley = = no excell"ve number. !f alloy I melted "s not property sol!d!f!cat!on occus before the would "f temp "s lew mould "s property f!lled. · ponos!ty "n cast!ng (surface p!tt!ng) revealed may be on f!n!sh!ng and pol!sh!ng th!ngs that fallen down the spr!e can get enbedded = p!tt!ng > E spr!e should be downwords overs"zed unders"zed cast!ng · or and contract!on the f!nal f!t > balanc!ng out expens!ons major d"ress"onal chayes > - cast!ng str"nzage (should be goe w"th sett!ng expas"e theme expas"on and "nves"on of !nvestment)