DIASS Lesson 1 Quarter 2 Reviewer PDF

**DIASS Lesson 1 Quarter 2 Reviewer\ **\ **Communication** -- mutual connection, manner of passing information between people or group for common understanding and confidence.\ - if no communication, misunderstanding would lead to chaos. **Goals of Communication** 1. Express one's needs and wants...

**DIASS Lesson 1 Quarter 2 Reviewer\ **\ **Communication** -- mutual connection, manner of passing information between people or group for common understanding and confidence.\ - if no communication, misunderstanding would lead to chaos. **Goals of Communication** 1. Express one's needs and wants. 2. Transfer/convey informations. 3. Establish, strengthen, sustain social relationship. 4. Facilitate social etiquette. 5. People with opposing views to understand each other and connect. 6. Transduce (*transfer/convert*) emotions and/or thoughts from one another. 7. Change behavior. 8. Develop a career. **Primary Goal of Communication** -- send information -- and that understanding of that information. **Communication Process** - ***Sender*** - ***Encoding*** - ***Message -- Noise.*** - ***Channel -- Noise.*** - ***Receiver -- Noise.*** - ***Decoding*** **Noise** - anything that ***interfere with the communication process*** between a speaker and an audience. **Basic Elements of Communication Process (Berlo's SMCR Communication Model 1960)** **Source** to **Encode** to **Message** to **Channel** to **Decode** to **Receiver** **Source** - ***Communication Skills*** - ***Attitudes*** - ***Knowledge*** - ***Social System*** - ***Culture*** **Message** - ***Context*** - ***Elements*** - ***Treatment*** - ***Structure*** - ***Code*** **Channel** - ***Hearing*** - ***Seeing*** - ***Touching*** - ***Smelling*** - ***Tasting*** **Receiver** - ***Communication Skills*** - ***Attitudes*** - ***Knowledge*** - ***Social System*** - ***Culture*** **When do we consider communication to be effective?** \- when ***both the source/sender and the receiver understands the same information.*** 1. **Source** -- person/thing making serious ***attempts to share information, origin of information.*** 2. **Encoding** -- process of ***collecting the message into a chosen design*** with objection of making sure that the receiver can understand it. 3. **Message/Ideas** -- ***subject matter*** of the communication. 4. **Communication Channel** -- person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for ***sending the information***. ***May be formal or informal.*** 5. **Receiver** -- person who receivers the message or for whom the message is meant for, one who understands. 6. **Decoding** -- person who receives the message ***tries to convert the same*** in such a way so that he/she may extract its meaning to his complete understanding. 7. **Feedback** -- process of ***ensuring that the receiver has received the message and understand in the same sense as sender meant it.*** **Principles of Effective Communication (7 C's)** - **Clarity --** ensuring what you're saying is clearly communicated with no room for misunderstanding. - **Conciseness --** complete information about a topic or idea in a few words. - **Correctness** -- accuracy of thoughts, figures, and words. - **Concreteness --** being specific, definite, and vivid, uses specific facts and figures. - **Confidence --** more likely to express our thoughts and ideas clearly and persuasively. - **Coherence --** logical/consistent. - **Courtesy --** acknowledging your audience by showing respect. **Levels of Communication** - **Intrapersonal** -- self-talk. ***(Reflective)*** - **Interpersonal** -- between two people. ***(Dyad)*** - **Small Group** -- interacting for a common purpose. ***(2 or more people interact, more intentional/formal)*** - **Public Communication** -- one person speaking to an audience. ***(sender-focused)*** - **Mass Communication** -- transmitted to many people through print or electronic media. ***(News paper/radio)*** - **Computer and Mobile Mediated Communication** -- engaging online/computer and mobile mediated communication. ***(Online platforms)*** DIASS Reviewer 2nd Lesson 2nd Quarter Important terms! 1\. Code is a set of laws ore regulations; a set of ideas or rules about how to behave in accordance with the norms in the society. (Meriam Dictionary) 2\. Freedom of expression and information- a right given by the constitution and defined by the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights as stated below: a\) Article 15: The right to form, hold receive and impart opinions. b\) Article 16: Free and equal access to information inside and outside state borders. c\) Article 19: The freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information through any media. Journalist vs Blogger Journalist \- Degree Holder \- Journalism \- Objective \- Non-debatable \- Appeal to facts \- Credibility, based on evidence, verified or proven \- Rely on research \- External Data \- Actual Event \- Aware of legal liability & responsibility \- Observe publication guidelines \- Strict deadlines Blogger \- Anybody \- No education reqd. \- Biased \- Debatable \- Appeal to emotion \- Feeling, Guess, Personal views, and Judgement \- Rely on opinion \- Beliefs \- Anywhere \- No Accountability \- Flexible \- Refresh old posts Journalism and It's Function A good journalist will collect facts, research and investigate the subject matter based on a unique style, and formulate language that tells a story. Journalism - It is the system which arose to provide for society's need for news and it arises from the citizens' right to have access to the fact and opinion about matters of public interest, which are of importance to the welfare, rights and duties as citizens. Functions of Journalism Function no. 1 -- To provide information. Function no. 2 -- Increase Public Awareness. Function no. 3 -- Interpreting the Facts \"It is giving the reading public accurate information as fully as the importance of any story dictates.\" - William Turner Catledge, editor, The New York Times. Function no. 4 -- Encouraging Decisions, Influencing Change & Shaping Public Opinion. Function no. 5 -- Development of the Economy. Function no. 6 -- Social Role. Popular Culture Entertaining and Educating the Public Building a Notion Developing a country and mobilizing people by raising awareness and by connecting people across all sectors of society, communication empowers people by to participate in the country's development efforts. Rights and Responsibilities 1\. The right to free access to all sources of information. 2\. The right to investigate stories that are of interest to the public. 3\. The right to protect the identity and confidentiality of one's sources. 4\. The right to publish stories without fear of punishment. At the same time, the journalist is expected to adhere to certain principles of professional conduct by American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1923: Truthfulness of information Clarity of information Defense of the public's rights Responsibilities in forming public opinion Standards of gathering and presenting information Respecting the integrity and presenting information Respecting the integrity of sources Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, and other characteristics. Respect for privacy Prohibition of bribes and other benefits The need to respect universal values and the diversity of cultures The need to promote human rights Areas of Specialization of Communication Professionals 1\. Public Relations 2\. Marketing and Advertising 3\. Communication Education Public Relations -- is the practice of deliberately managing the spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. Examples of Public Relation Jobs PR Specialist - Acting as the first point of contact for media outlets, a PR specialist is responsible for generating positive press coverage for clients by developing relationships with journalists and coming up with relevant story pitches. Responsible for shaping and protecting the corporate image of a company. Publicist - They are responsible for coming up with publicity campaigns and identifying the best ways for clients to promote their brands to the press and to their viewers/audience. Marketing and Advertising Marketing -- refers to preparing a product for the marketplace. Advertising -- making your product and service known to an audience/marketplace. It is a specific step of marketing. It uses the data and research collected by marketing strategies to best communicate the brand. Examples of Marketing and Advertising Jobs Marketing Analyst -- help companies and organizations decide which products and services to sell, to which customers, at what price. Marketing Specialist -- develops new marketing strategies and campaigns based on detailed analysis of market force. Marketing Assistant -- supports the work of marketing managers and executives on projects directed at maximizing company profits. Social Media Manager -- manages a company's social media marketing campaign. Product/Brand Manager -- oversee the development of a product from start to finish. Email Marketing Manager -- responsible for marketing a product or service via email marketing campaigns. Advertising Manager/Coordinator -- who execute advertising campaigns to market products or services to targeted markets, company's or client's overall marketing strategy. Event/Meeting Planner -- plans events and meetings. Communication Education - A communications professor's primary duties involve teaching courses in media and public relations, journalism, broadcasting, or organizational communications. Careers in Communication Education Language arts coordinator High school speech teacher Drama director College or University Professor Speech communication department chairperson. A diagram of marketing and advertising Description automatically generated Communicology (Discipline of Communication) - In the process of communication one has to convince or persuade the people who are listening or giving attention which we called as audience. When you watch TV shows, read newspapers or watch a film, you become an audience. Audiences (Receivers) -- formed by 2 factors which are: 1\. Social Context -- people of the same background with shared culture, understanding information needs. 2\. Response to media content -- audiences from news show, variety show, show opera and others. MEDIA SOCIOLOGIST DENIS MCQUAIL (1997) NOTED SOME WAYS TO DEFINE WHO ARE THE AUDIENCE NAMELY: By place - audience in the case of a newspaper. By people -- as when media content appeals to a certain age group, gender, political belief or income category. By the particular type of medium or channel involved -- the audience of radio may differ from the audience of television. By the content of the message of a medium -- talk shows and show operas with many different audiences. By times -- as in daytime, primetime or weekend audiences. Characteristics of Clientele and Audiences of Communication - All people are clientele and audience in communication. However, communication can only be effective when communicators take into consideration the characteristics of the intended clientele and audience. Characteristics like social position, education level, age range, race and ethnicity, primary language, health status, job type, and information sources: Social Position - May be a president or leader, a middle manager, a colleague or co-equal, or a subordinate in an organization of the community. Education Level - An audience with limited literacy skills may find it difficult to use written materials; with such an audience, oral presentations may be more effective. Age Range - The communication materials may be relevant to people of all ages but the age of the audience may affect the communication format or distribution channels. Race and Ethnicity. An important consideration in communication particularly in deciding on graphics and photos. Primary Language - Language has to be considered if you want to be an effective communicator. Health Status - The materials must be more personal and relevant to specific health conditions or issues. Job Type - For an audience without access to their computers, disseminating the materials through an Internet site or email messages may not be effective. Information Sources - matter for they affect the format and distribution of the communication materials and also the medium they trust. 1\. Individuals as Audience - Every day you engage in a communication. As One cannot escape it along the different levels of communication whether intrapersonal, interpersonal or in mass media. We do this of different reasons. People communicate to be informed and to inform, to gain guidance for one's own opinion and to have an identity or be a member within a group. Research says that among the benefits one gets from communication are the following: Information and Education Guidance Advice Socialization and Relaxation Identity formation Security Build mutual relationship 2\. Groups and Organizations as Audience - Organizations communicate with others for a variety of reasons. Innet and Schewchuk in 1995 said that there are communication needs of organizations. These are: o To inform. It is communicating to the audience like what you can do for them or what advice you could give them or vice versa. o 2.2 To build understanding. It is encouraging the audience to improve their lives like stopping from smoking which appeals to their feelings and thinking. o 2.3 To resolve conflicts. Empathy can prevent conflicts as misunderstanding really exist in an organization. o 2.4 To present and idea. In an organization presenting an idea is a need but one has to know also the correct manner in presenting it. o 2.5 To lower barrier between groups and individuals. Prejudices and discrimination may exist if communication process is not done in a correct manner thus one has to know the audience very well. 3\. Community as Audience. Community is the most organic place we do communication. When you go out from your house and interact with your friends, your neighbor or to everyone in your place you do communication to them. But you still have to know that in the discipline of communication when you consider the community as your audience you need to remember the following needs: 1\) Right language -- This must be simple and easy to understand words. 2\) Time. Extend more efforts to let them be understood the topic. 3\) Information background -- If you need to persuade or convince them with your idea you need to know their level of awareness of the topic. 4\) Awareness of interests -- You need to know what the community likes or have interest to. 5\) Education -- People in the community acts as audience because of the reason that they need to know about the topic. 4\. Media Audiences -- Media audiences are the readers, listeners, viewers, users, and consumers of media.  LARGE AND VAST  UNSEEN  MEASURABLE  FRAGMENTED AND DIVERSE 5\. Online Audience -- The online audience is composed of the active users of the Internet. They are also referred to as NETIZENS.  DISPERSED  INTERACTIVE  A CERTAIN DEGREE OF TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE  HIGH CONSUMPTION PRACTICES Tools of Communication 1\. Language -- Main tool we use in communication -- in written and verbal form. 2\. Print Materials -- Newspapers, reports, books, posters, brochures, etc. 3\. Non-print Materials -- Videos, TV shows, radios, presentations. 4\. Technologies -- Cellphones, Telephones, Tablets, Computers and Laptop. 5\. Online Tools -- Social media, electronic mails. Process of Communication -- understanding the process of communication in any organization, patterns on where information and messages go is critical. This is called the directionality of communication. Among these are the following: 1\. Vertical Communication -- refers to sending or receiving messages between levels of hierarchy or order whether upward or downward. 2\. Horizontal Communication -- refers to sending or receiving messages within the same levels or hierarchy. 3\. Downward Communication -- is used to send messages from a higher rank to a lower rank. Communication Media Channels - A media channel refers to the specific method used in transmitting messages or information to an intended audience. These come in a form of the examples stated in the activity above like television and radio (the broadcast media), newspaper (print media), Facebook, Twitter and Instagram (social media) and this new media which is today's method of communicating in the digital world. 1\. Mass Media -- means of communication which is intended for large audiences. This is divided into two: a\. Print Media -- includes newspaper and publication which tell about new stories, opinions, businesses and advertisements. b\. Broadcast Media -- comes in a form of radio and television where it is more influential and dominant to transmit news and information. 2\. New Media - is a term which refers to all that is related to the use of internet and the interplay between technology, images and sound that help improve the process of communication especially in the advent of the 21st century. a\. Social media is a subset of new media which dominated much of the world populace and seen most influential medium of communication especially to teenagers. Internet is a must in this channel where it does not only cover a portion in a certain place but it can reach anyone in the globe as long as there is internet. Examples of these are: Social networking sites (facebook, twitter, instagram, tumblr, etc.) Wikipedia Youtube Virtual games (DOTA, Mobile legends, Cross-fire, Rules of Survival, and others) Technologies (blogs, email, instant messaging) In social media, emoticons and later on emojis, have become an acceptable way of talking to someone. Emojis are visual and pictorial representations of feelings. Things, and even signs and symbols which lends a different flavor to our online communication. 3\. Telecommunication -- refers to channel of communication where information and messages are exchanged over long distances. Usually this channel use computer, cellphones and telephones where information is sent or received through a communication connection. Settings, Processes, Methods and Tools in the Discipline of Communication 1\. Communication in Government - refers to the activities through which public sector institutions convey information about government policies, decisions, and actions to the public. Its primary purpose is to keep citizens informed, transparent, and engaged in the governmental process. A. Types of Government Communication: 1\. Government-wide communication - Communication occurs in all structured communication where its purpose is for presenting government activities like to explain decisions, and present actions. It may include speeches, press releases, public announcements, or official reports. Example: A government spokesperson delivers a press briefing explaining a new public health policy, such as a vaccination program. 2\. Communication relating to benefits - Communication occurs to ensure beneficiaries are receive by the people to avail services. It typically involves the dissemination of information regarding application processes, eligibility criteria, and the distribution of benefits. Example: A campaign by the government service insurance system (GSIS) to inform eligible citizens about available retirement benefits. 3\. Involving Institutional Communication - Communication to enhance the visibility and influence of an organization. This type of communication is to clarify the values to be conveyed and incorporating these values in all communication activities and implementing the appropriate procedures. It involves creating and maintaining a consistent organizational identity across all communication channels. Example: A university might run a campaign to promote its commitment to sustainability by showcasing its green campus initiatives, recycling programs, and eco-friendly practices. 2\. Communication in Civil Society - NGOs use various forms of communication---such as social media campaigns, public demonstrations, advocacy materials, and media outreach---to inform, educate, and mobilize people around their causes. Example: Greenpeace: It uses powerful visual campaigns, social media, and public protests to raise awareness about environmental issues like climate change, deforestation, and pollution. 3\. Communication in Private Sector - It often involves advertising, public relations, corporate communications, social media, and customer service strategies. Example: Coca-Cola\'s Advertising Campaigns: Coca-Cola uses persuasive communication through advertisements to create emotional connections with consumers. For example, their famous \"Share a Coke\" campaign replaced the Coca-Cola logo with popular names, encouraging people to buy the product as a way to \"share a moment\" with friends and family. 4\. Other Settings a\. Schools - It involves conveying academic content, organizing extracurricular activities, and building relationships between students, parents, and teachers. b\. Communities - The goal is to inform residents, organize activities, address issues, and build a sense of belonging and collective responsibility. c\. Online communication - Done in social networking sites like fb, twitter, etc. A small business like a local coffee shop may use a Facebook page to announce special promotions, interact with customers, and post updates about new menu items or events. DIASS Lesson 5 2nd Quarter Reviewer SOCIAL SCIENCES refer to the various disciplines that study society and examine how people interact and develop culture. It is a big umbrella of disciplines that includes history, political science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, demography, anthropology, and others. On The other hand, applied social science is the application of social science theories, concepts, methods, and findings to problems identified in the wider society. It was common during the late 90s and the end of the twentieth century. Students who pursue courses in the applied social sciences give them adequate background and training to have careers in counseling, social work, and communication. SELF-DEVELOPMENT - the process of learning new things and building new skills that help us increase our chances of success, achieve our goals, and manifest our dreams. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO SELF-DEVELOPMENT 1\. Counseling -- offers guidance to individuals in various situations of conflict, confusion, and crisis and provides the tools for the individual to address issues of self-development. 2\. Social Work -- offers a wide range of services, particularly in liberating marginalized individuals and facilitating participation in the public goods and services necessary for self-development. 3\. Communication -- empowers the individual with listening and speaking skills in order for them to be effective. The individual has to be sure that the message comes across accurately by considering the message itself, the audience or receiver, and how the message is likely to be received. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO PERSUASION PERSUASION In careers related to communication like mass media, advertising, and business, persuasion is very essential. To persuade means: Being able to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue through the communication of messages in an atmosphere of free choice. One cannot persuade a person unless he/she has a foundation in something. The heart of persuasion is the ability to understand well one's audience and its complexity. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT ART AND ENTERTAINMENT Applied social sciences are also used in the arts and entertainment industry. Arts and entertainment are reflections of a country's culture and society. To understand and analyze the development and new trends in the arts and entertainment, it is important to be familiar with the people's social and cultural conditions. Through arts and entertainment, we can see life differently without imposing our values and perceptions. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO NEWS AND INFORMATION NEWS AND INFORMATION Applied social science is also important in the field of journalism. The news and current affairs sector emphasizes the need for a balanced, objective, and truthful rendering of the political and other important events as they actually happened. Practitioners in the applied social sciences have enough training in this regard because they have a good foundation in history and political science. Through the application of these fields, applied social scientists have enough skills to be able to write and report the news accurately and objectively. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO ORGANIZING ADVOCACY AND MOBILIZATION ADVOCACY AND MOBILIZATION Advocacy groups are organized to inform and educate on public issues and influence people on the development of policies. Advocacy groups also play important roles in the development of political and social systems. Applied social sciences is a good background for advocacy and mobilization because this field studies politics, governance, and social and political dynamics which are very important backgrounds for advocacy works. ADVOCACY AND MOBILIZATION The following are some of the different activities of advocacy. All these activities require knowledge of the applied social sciences. It includes the following: 1\. Community organizing and mobilization -- It is about helping to mobilize constituents and build power within their communities. 2\. Information dissemination -- Providing communities and people with the right information on important political, social, and economic issues affecting them. 3\. Research -- Conducting research that reflects the needs of the communities. 4\. Training -- Training sessions that will teach successful strategies and skills for personal and community development. FUNCTIONS OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES TO EDUCATION EDUCATION The academe is one of the most relevant career tracks applied social scientists can pursue. The multidisciplinary approach to studying the applied social sciences can equip students with the skills and expertise to work in schools, colleges, and universities. These subjects are offered in the general education curriculum at the secondary and tertiary levels that applied social scientists can teach. These include history, society and culture, and politics and government. The four pillars of education according to UNESCO Education throughout life is based on four pillars: learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together, and learning to be. 1\. Learning to know, the development of general knowledge needed to function in this world e.g. formal acquisition of literacy, numeracy, critical thinking and general knowledge. Concentration Memory Imagination Reasoning 2\. Learning to do, acquires not only an occupational skill but also, more broadly, the competence to deal with many situations and work in teams. Social behavior Personal initiatives Willingness to take risk Communication skills requires o Our knowledge will be more useful if we apply it to our daily life. Teachers are expected to develop the skills of the students that will be used to further unlock their own potential. o Teachers must be updated with the necessary teaching medium to cater to these changes in society. o As for students, different opportunities will arise, therefore, they should not limit themselves to what is presented to them. Continue seeking knowledge to develop your potential. 3\. Learning to live together, develops an understanding of other people and an appreciation of interdependence - carrying out joint projects and learning to manage conflicts -in a spirit of respect for the values of pluralism, mutual understanding, and peace. Values to be developed amongst students: Non Violence Cooperation Selfless attitude Developing values Accepting human diversity 4\. Learning to be, develop one\'s personality be able to act with ever greater autonomy, judgment, and personal responsibility. In that connection, education must not disregard any aspect of a person\'s potential: memory, reasoning, aesthetic sense, physical capacities, and communication skills. The Pillars of Education EMPHASIS on: 1\. The development of a complete person. 2\. To resolve and manage conflicts for peace. 3\. To prepare students for further learning 4\. To develop competency in adapting to change. Goodluck HUMSS 11! \- John Vinluan