Developing Effective Paragraphs PDF

Reading and Writing Mrs. Melodina M. Magtibay - Cayabyab Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know. Read the statements carefully, and determine what is being referred to, then write your answers on the blanks provided before each number. ___________1. It is a...

Reading and Writing Mrs. Melodina M. Magtibay - Cayabyab Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know. Read the statements carefully, and determine what is being referred to, then write your answers on the blanks provided before each number. ___________1. It is a method of writing a paragraph by drawing pictures with words. ___________2. This method of paragraph development involves similarities and differences between two things. ___________3. This gives a written account of an event or story. ___________4. This is a collection of related sentences with one central idea. ___________5. This pattern of development classifies or divides people, places, things or ideas into categories LET’S CHECK 1. DESCRIPTION 2. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 3. NARRATION 4. PARAGRAPH 5. CLASSIFICASTION  Writing Paragraphs  What is Paragraph? ✓ The word paragraph comes from two Greek words: para which means “beyond” or “beside” and graphein which means “to write”. ✓ A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea. ✓Each sentence shows connection to other sentences in the paragraph.  What is Paragraph? ✓ A paragraph is an independent unit or a related unit. As an independent unit, it is complete in itself. As a related unit, it is a part of a composition that is combined with other paragraphs to make a larger composition. ✓ Whether a paragraph is an independent unit or a related unit, it has its beginning, middle and end.  DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS One of the most important elements in writing is the form or structure An effective paragraph shows the unity of the sentences used in developing the main idea. A paragraph is made up of the topic sentence which contains the main idea, the supporting details and the conclusion or the clinching sentence at the end. ✓ Topic sentence – it reveals the main or central idea of the paragraph. This sentence tells the reader what the paragraph will be about, and then the rest of the paragraph is built around this topic. Generally, the topic sentence appears at the beginning of the paragraph. It is often the paragraph’s very first sentence. ✓ Supporting details – they give the paragraph life as it elaborates on the scope given by the topic sentence. ✓ Clinching sentence – it closes your paragraph. According to Dagdag (2010), this “may be a restatement of the topic sentence, a summary, or a conclusion based on the supporting details.” EXAMPLE: My brothers all have jobs. My oldest brother, Edward, is a doctor at the hospital in the centre of the city, and the second oldest, Daniel, is an accountant in an office near our home. My youngest brother is a policeman. I am the only brother who is still at school.  EXAMPLE: The United States has a severe fire problem that if not addressed, will continue to worsen drastically. Fire statistics show that our nation, one of the richest and most technologically sophisticated countries in the world, lags behind its peer nations in fire security. Nationally, there are millions of fires, thousands of deaths, tens of thousands of injuries, and billions of dollars lost each year— figures which far exceed comparable statistics for other industrialized countries. In 2001, for example, the direct value of property destroyed in fires was $11 billion ($44 billion if the World Trade Center loss is included). More recently in 2004, direct property losses from fires were estimated at over $9.8 billion. — Loyd and Richardson, Fundamentals of Fire and Emergency Services, p. 12  EXAMPLE: The star system has been the backbone of the American film industry since the mid 1910s. Stars are the creation of the public, its reigning favorites. Their influence in the fields of fashion, values, and public behavior has been enormous. “The social history of a nation can be written in terms of its film stars,” Raymond Durgnat has observed. Stars confer instant consequence to any film they appear in. Their fees have staggered the public. In the 1920s, Mary Pickford and Charles Chaplin were the two highest paid employees in the world. Contemporary stars such as Julia Roberts and Tom Cruise command salaries of many millions per film, so popular are these box-office giants. Some stars had careers that spanned five decades: Bette Davis and John Wayne, to name just two. — Giannetti, Understanding Movies, p. 251 EXAMPLE: In the past, exposure to liability made many doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals reluctant to stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations, such as highway accidents. Almost all states have enacted a Good Samaritan law that relieves medical professionals from liability for injury caused by their ordinary negligence in such circumstances. Good Samaritan laws protect medical professionals only from liability for their ordinary negligence, not for injuries caused by their gross negligence or reckless or intentional conduct. Most Good Samaritan laws protect licensed doctors and nurses and laypersons who have been certified in CPR. Good Samaritan statutes generally do not protect laypersons who are not trained in CPR—that is, they are liable for injuries caused by their ordinary negligence in rendering aid. — Goldman and Cheeseman, Paralegal Professional, p. 459 ACTIVITY 1. I love football! I loved football when I was a small boy, and I love it now. My favourite team is Manchester United. I go to see our local club team every weekend, and now I play for the college three times a week. ACTIVITY 2. Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different. Both are bodies of water, but oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes are usually surrounded by land, while oceans are what surround continents. Both have plants and animals living in them. The ocean is home to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes support much smaller forms of life. When it is time for a vacation, both will make a great place to visit and enjoy. I want to swim in the lake. ACTIVITY 3. Sunset is the time of day when our sky meets the outer space solar winds. There are blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and twisting, like clouds of balloons caught in a blender. Sunset is the opposite of sunrise. The sun moves slowly to hide behind the line of horizon, while the moon races to take its place in prominence atop the night sky. People slow to a crawl, entranced, fully forgetting the deeds that still must be done. There is a coolness, a calmness, when the sun does set. ACTIVITY 4. Here is the perfect system for cleaning your room. First, move all of the items that do not have a proper place to the center of the room. Get rid of at least five things that you have not used within the last year. Take out all of the trash, and place all of the dirty dishes in the kitchen sink. Now find a location for each of the items you had placed in the center of the room. 5s is a Japanese cleaning system. For any remaining items, see if you can squeeze them in under your bed or stuff them into the back of your closet. See, that was easy. ACTIVITY 5. For decades, we have looked at our steadily increasing life expectancy rates and proudly proclaimed that Americans’ health has never been better. Recently, however, health organizations and international groups have attempted to quantify the number of years a person lives with a disability or illness, compared with the number of healthy years. The World Health Organization summarizes this concept as healthy life expectancy. Simply stated, healthy life expectancy refers to the number of years a newborn can expect to live in full health, based on current rates of illness and mortality and also on the quality of their lives. For example, if we could delay the onset of diabetes so that a person didn’t develop the disease until he or she was 60 years old, rather than developing it at 30, there would be a dramatic increase in this individual’s healthy life expectancy. — Donatelle, Health: The Basics, p. 6 THANK YOU !