Paragraph Writing Guide: Sentence Structure & Essay Structure - PDF

Fill in the blank: A paragraph: is a group of sentences. It has a main idea and sentences that support the idea. Brainstorming: is quickly writing down all the thoughts that come into your head. Capital letter: Indicate that the word Is at the beginning of a sentence or is a name Simple sentence...

Fill in the blank: A paragraph: is a group of sentences. It has a main idea and sentences that support the idea. Brainstorming: is quickly writing down all the thoughts that come into your head. Capital letter: Indicate that the word Is at the beginning of a sentence or is a name Simple sentence: have one subject and one verb / have one independent clause An independent clause: has a one subject-verb relationship, and it can stand alone as a sentence. Compound sentence: usually made of two simple sentence (independent clause) + TWO INDEPN CLAUSE Complex sentence: has one Independent / one Dependent Clause Descriptive adjective: They give more detail about the nouns. Adjective clause: gives more information about a noun it follows Adverb clause: begins with a connecting words such as because Title: tells you what you will find in a book, a story, a movie, or a text. A Topic sentence: states the main idea of the paragraph. A comma: shows a list has three or more things Supporting sentence: gives more information that explains and expands on the topic sentence. They provide the details of the paragraph. A sentence fragment: is not a complete sentence. The concluding sentence: is the last sentence of the paragraph. It concludes or ends, a paragraph. Sometimes it offers a suggestion, give an opinion, or make predictions about the future. A definition paragraph: defines a word, phrase or an idea. It might define gossip and give examples. A process paragraph: explains how to do something. An opinion paragraph: expresses the writer's thoughts about an issue. A fact: is a information that can be verified or proved Opinion: is what someone thinks or believes to be true. A narrative paragraph: tells a story or describe an event. An essay: is a collection of paragraphs that present facts, opinions, and ideas on a topic The introduction paragraph: is the first paragraph of an essay A thesis statement: tells the reader what the essay is about and the writer’s overall idea of the topic. Four features of good paragraph: 1- first line is indented 2- has a topic sentence that states the main idea 3- all the sentences in the paragraph are about one topic 4- the concluding sentence brings the paragraph to a logical end ----------------- Topic sentence: 1- introduce the main idea 2- limit or focuses on the topic 3- often tell the reader how the information will be organized ---------- Four Feature of topic sentence: 1- it has controlling ideas 2-it is specific 3- it’s not too specific 4- it is not a fact ----------- Simple sentence: has one independent clause Compound sentence: has two independent clauses that can stand alone Complex sentence: has one independent clause and one Dependent clause ----- What do supporting sentence do? 1-describe 2-explain 3- give reasons 4- give facts 5- give examples 6-define A sentence fragment often it is 1- without a subject, a verb, or both 2- a dependent clause which is never a complete sentence ------ A concluding sentence often have one or more of these four purposes 1- it restate the main idea 2- it offer a suggestion 3- it gives an opinion 4- it makes a prediction -------------------------- Definition paragraph: 1- explains what something is 2- gives facts, details, and examples to make the definition clear to readers ------------- Three ways to write a definition with citations: ‘’ according to, is’’ ‘’ defines As’’ ‘’In, is defined as’’ ----------- Ways to create sentence variety: 1- Combing sentences with conjunctions 2- combining sentence with adjectives and adjective clauses 3- sentences with prepositional phrases ----------------------- A process paragraph: 1- explains a sequence or process 2- presents facts and details in chronological order 3-uses time words or phrases such as first, second,etc 4- ends with a specified result. Opinion paragraph: 1- Is often about an issue people do not agree with 2- gives the writer’s opinion about the issue 3-includes facts to support the writer’s opinion 4- Often includes citation or note to identify the sources of these facts 5- sometimes discuss the opposing opinion about the issues 6- presents a strong case that make reader think about the issue seriously --------------------- Narrative paragraph: 1- tells a story 2- has a clear beginning, a middle, and an end 3- uses a descriptive words to help the reader better understand exact feeling and events ------------------------------------------ Parts of narrative paragraph: Topic sentence: explains main idea of the story that will follow Beginning of the story: where the story takes place and any feeling Middle of the story: where the main action or problem occur End of the story: the end of the story gives the final action or result ----------------------- When writers use a story; they usually use the simple past or the past progressive ------------ Paragraph: - topic sentence - supporting sentence - concluding sentence ---- Essay: - introduction paragraph: Raise interests / hook Background information Thesis statement - 3 Body paragraphs each has: Topic sentence Supporting sentence - Concluding paragraphs: Restatement of thesis Summary of main points concluding statement ---------------------------------------------- Different kinds of essay outline organization: -Opinion essay outline - process essay outline -------------- Type of hook: - A question - a famous quote - history - surprising statistics --------------------------------------