Design 7 Terms & Principles: Community Architecture PDF

DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE Spatial Harmony The bahay kubo exemplifies spatial harmony, with Pakikipagkapwa defined spaces for priva...

DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE Spatial Harmony The bahay kubo exemplifies spatial harmony, with Pakikipagkapwa defined spaces for private and communal activities A Filipino cultural value that emphasizes empathy, that blend into the natural environment. solidarity, and communal concern. In architecture, this translates into designs that prioritize the well- Flexibility in Design being of the community. An example is designing In Filipino architecture, spaces are often multi-purpose spaces that accommodate various multifunctional, such as homes with living areas that community activities. double as sleeping quarters or event spaces. Balance Adaptation to Nature In Filipino architecture, balance considers the Passive design strategies such as large windows, open harmony of cultural, environmental, and functional floor plans, and elevated structures help Filipino elements. Traditional houses like the bahay kubo are buildings adapt to local tropical conditions, enhancing balanced through open-air designs and elevated airflow and natural lighting. floors, suitable for tropical climates. Community Identity Habi (Weave) Designing spaces that reflect the cultural and Integrating different design elements to create a historical context of the community, such as the cohesive structure. The use of local materials like distinct architecture of Vigan's Calle Crisologo. bamboo and nipa in the bahay kubo exemplifies this principle. Participatory Design Engaging community members in the design process. Sustainable Design For example, involving barangay leaders in the Designing with local, renewable materials such as planning of local pamilihang bayan (public markets). bamboo, which is abundant in the Philippines, reduces environmental impact and supports Social Inclusion sustainability. Ensuring designs accommodate all community members, including the elderly and disabled, as Proportion required by BP 344 (Accessibility Law). Ensuring the elements of a structure are scaled to human interaction and cultural importance, such as Affordable Housing the large open spaces in Filipino plazas for festivals Designing cost-effective, durable housing for lower- and gatherings. income communities. The government’s Socialized Housing Program uses concrete hollow blocks for Cultural Aesthetics cost efficiency. Incorporating Filipino aesthetics such as weaving patterns, wood carvings, and local color palettes in Place-Making architectural designs. The bahay na bato is an Creating spaces that foster community interaction, example of traditional Filipino aesthetics blending like public parks, town plazas, or pedestrian Spanish influence with local design. promenades where people naturally gather. Cultural Context DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 1 Reflecting the local culture in design solutions, such Rooftop gardens mitigate urban heat islands by as the use of wooden carvings or woven nipa roofing absorbing sunlight, improving insulation, and in indigenous structures. enhancing urban biodiversity. Urban Revitalization Efforts like the revitalization of Intramuros focus on Rainwater Harvesting restoring historical sites while promoting modern common practice in rural areas, rainwater is collected community use. for irrigation or non-potable uses. Adaptability Energy Efficiency Flexible designs allow for modifications over time. Installing renewable energy systems, such as solar The bahay kubo, for example, can be easily panels and wind turbines, helps reduce energy dismantled and relocated. consumption. Resilience Daylighting Designing structures to withstand natural disasters. In Maximizing the use of natural light through large the Philippines, this includes using reinforced windows, skylights, or open spaces, reducing the concrete for earthquake resilience. need for artificial lighting. Inclusive Design Waste Management Creating spaces accessible to everyone, like ramps Implementing systems for recycling construction and wide corridors in public buildings to waste and using sustainable materials like bamboo or accommodate wheelchair users. recycled plastic. Neighborhood Identity Biophilic Design Strengthening the character of a community through Integrating natural elements like plants and water architectural styles that echo local traditions, such as features to create calming, healthier environments tropical modernism in upscale residential areas. for occupants. LEED Certification Life Cycle Assessment LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Evaluating the environmental impact of building Design) encourages the use of sustainable building materials throughout their lifespan, from production practices, such as solar panels and green roofs. to disposal. Passive Design CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan) Minimizing energy consumption by using natural A long-term framework guiding land development in ventilation strategies. For example, open-plan Philippine municipalities, balancing economic, social, designs with strategically placed windows reduce the and environmental goals. need for artificial cooling. Zoning Ordinance Net-Zero Energy Buildings Local laws regulating land use to prevent conflicts, Buildings designed to produce as much energy as they such as separating industrial areas from residential consume, often using solar panels and rainwater zones. harvesting systems. Building Code of the Philippines Green Roofs DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 2 Governs safety and construction standards, ensuring Proper insulation helps manage the tropical heat, buildings are safe and structurally sound. making homes more comfortable and energy- efficient. Barangay-Level Consultation Engaging the smallest unit of government in urban Amihan and Habagat planning to ensure local needs are met. Seasonal winds like amihan and habagat are Setbacks and Easements considered in building designs to ensure effective Legal regulations on the distance between buildings natural ventilation. and property lines, ensuring public access or environmental protection. Rainwater Management Strategies like bioswales and retention ponds help Walkability manage flooding during heavy rains. Designing streets that prioritize pedestrians, with sidewalks, crossings, and public transport access to Flood Resilience reduce reliance on private vehicles. Designing buildings in flood-prone areas with elevated foundations or stilts to prevent water Green Space Allocation damage. Urban development plans include parks and open spaces for recreation, improving mental health and Fire Safety air quality in communities. Buildings must comply with the Fire Code of the Philippines, ensuring fire escapes and firefighting Public Markets (Pamilihang Bayan) equipment are accessible. Community hubs for commerce and social interaction, designed with accessibility and flow of movement in Waterproofing mind. Protecting buildings from water infiltration through the use of materials like waterproof membranes and Public Space Design coatings. Designing plazas, parks, and recreational areas that consider cultural events, such as fiestas and markets. Socialized Housing Affordable housing must comply with BP 220, Environmental Planning ensuring low-cost and durable construction for Urban and environmental planners work under RA underprivileged sectors. 10587, managing land resources and guiding sustainable urban development. Community Shelter Design Safe spaces for evacuation and disaster preparedness, Seismic Considerations often integrated into schools or barangay halls. Filipino buildings must be designed to withstand earthquakes, following the National Structural Code Charrettes of the Philippines. A participatory design process where community members, stakeholders, and designers work together Wind Load (Typhoon Considerations) in short, intense workshops to create design solutions. Structures in the Philippines are designed to resist the In the Philippines, charrettes are often used for urban strong winds of typhoons, especially in coastal areas. redevelopment projects involving barangay leaders and community representatives. Thermal Insulation DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 3 Esquisse A traditional Filipino rural house, typically made from A rapid sketching exercise used in the early design bamboo, nipa palm, and other indigenous materials. phase to explore ideas quickly. This technique is The design is simple, elevated on stilts for ventilation frequently used by architecture students and and flood protection, and well-suited for the tropical professionals to brainstorm concepts before climate. formalizing plans. Bahay na Bato Barangay Consultations A Spanish colonial-era house that combines local and Involving barangay officials and residents in the European architectural elements. It typically features design process to ensure that the needs and thick stone walls on the ground floor and wooden preferences of the local community are reflected in upper floors, blending functionality with aesthetic the project. This practice is particularly important for appeal. public projects like schools, clinics, or socialized housing developments. Tropical Modernism A contemporary architectural style that adapts Site Analysis modernist principles to tropical climates, focusing on A thorough study of local conditions, including natural ventilation, open floor plans, and the use of topography, climate, and the socio-cultural context, local materials. In the Philippines, this style is seen in to inform design decisions. In the Philippine context, both residential and commercial developments. site analysis includes considerations for typhoons, flooding, and access to public transport. Filipino Colonial Architecture A style influenced by Spanish and American colonial Building Permits periods, often seen in churches, civic buildings, and Architects and developers must navigate the permit homes. Intramuros and Vigan are prime examples of process, often through the local government units preserved colonial architecture in the Philippines. (LGUs). This involves submitting construction plans for approval to ensure compliance with zoning, Post-War Filipino Architecture environmental, and safety regulations. After World War II, Filipino architecture adopted a utilitarian approach, using reinforced concrete for Community Planning Sessions durability and modernist influences for simplicity. Regular meetings with stakeholders, including Many government buildings and schools built during barangay officials and residents, to gather feedback this time reflect this style. and make necessary adjustments to the project. These sessions are critical for large-scale community Contemporary Filipino Architecture projects like urban redevelopment or public spaces. Modern architectural designs that incorporate local culture, sustainability, and community-centered Barangay-Level Impact Assessment spaces. Examples include eco-friendly resorts and A localized assessment of the socio-economic and urban condominiums that emphasize open spaces environmental impacts of a project on the community. and green design. This step is crucial for projects that may significantly alter the landscape or living conditions of residents, Adaptive Reuse such as road expansions or housing developments. The practice of repurposing old or historical buildings for new functions. For example, old warehouses in Bahay Kubo Manila have been converted into art galleries or DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 4 restaurants, preserving cultural heritage while providing modern uses. DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 5 Vernacular Architecture Ventilation Standards Design that responds to local materials, climate, and Ensuring proper air quality through adequate cultural practices. Vernacular structures like bahay ventilation. In the Philippines, natural ventilation is kubo are prime examples of architecture that reflects emphasized due to the tropical climate, reducing the the Filipino way of life and adapts to natural need for air conditioning and promoting energy conditions. efficiency. Sustainable Bamboo Architecture Schools Bamboo, an abundant and renewable resource in the Prioritize safety, accessibility, and spaces that foster Philippines, is increasingly used for modern, learning and collaboration. In the Philippines, school sustainable construction. Its flexibility and strength designs often incorporate open courtyards to make it ideal for everything from homes to pavilions. encourage natural ventilation and community interaction. Green Roof System An environmentally friendly architectural solution Hospitals that involves planting vegetation on rooftops to Designed for patient flow, hygiene, and reduce the urban heat island effect, improve building accommodation of medical equipment. Hospitals in insulation, and manage rainwater runoff. These the Philippines must meet strict requirements for systems are being implemented in urban areas to cleanliness and functionality, with segregated spaces promote sustainability. for patient care, operations, and visitor areas. FAR (Floor Area Ratio) Housing A zoning regulation that determines the maximum Balance between privacy, communal spaces, and allowable floor area of a building relative to the size affordability. Socialized housing projects in the of the lot. This ensures that development densities Philippines often feature compact, affordable units are controlled in urban areas. designed for maximum space efficiency and communal amenities. Building Setbacks The required distances between a building and its Commercial Spaces property boundaries, designed to provide access to Focus on maximizing customer experience and light, air, and open space, as well as to comply with operational efficiency. Malls in the Philippines, such zoning laws. as SM Mall of Asia, incorporate large open spaces, natural lighting, and circulation areas that manage Occupancy Load large crowds. The maximum number of people allowed in a building, based on safety standards. For instance, public Parks venues like theaters and auditoriums in the Incorporate landscape design, recreational spaces, Philippines must adhere to strict occupancy limits to and green areas. Luneta Park in Manila is a prime ensure safe evacuation in emergencies. example, combining historical landmarks with public green spaces for relaxation and recreation. Egress The provision of safe and accessible exit routes in case of emergencies. This is a key element in the design of any building, particularly in densely populated urban areas. DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 6 Sports Facilities Ensure athlete safety and good sightlines for Prefabricated Housing spectators. The Philippine Arena, a multi-purpose Prefabrication techniques allow for rapid sports and concert venue, prioritizes seating construction of affordable housing, particularly in arrangements that provide clear views for all disaster-prone or rural areas. Modular homes are an spectators. example of this technique. Religious Buildings Light-Gauge Steel Framing Reflect spiritual traditions and accommodate rituals. A quicker and cost-effective method of construction, Churches like the San Agustin Church in Manila ideal for residential and commercial projects. Light- showcase Filipino colonial architecture while being gauge steel is durable and can be assembled quickly designed for large congregations and religious on-site. ceremonies. Bamboo Construction Local Stone and Brick A sustainable material commonly used in rural areas. Traditional materials used in both vernacular and Bamboo is both affordable and flexible, making it an modern Filipino architecture for their durability and ideal material for simple, lightweight structures such aesthetic appeal. Examples include churches and as houses and pavilions. historical structures in Vigan. Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Widely used in affordable housing projects in the Philippines due to its strength and low cost. CHBs are used in socialized housing programs for constructing walls and partitions. Plywood and Amakan Lightweight materials used in temporary or semi- permanent shelters. These materials are affordable and easy to install, making them suitable for emergency housing or informal settlements. Nipa and Palm Thatching Traditional roofing materials in tropical Filipino architecture. They provide natural insulation and are often used in bahay kubo designs or coastal homes. Typhoon-Resistant Roof Design Roofs in the Philippines must be designed to resist the strong winds of typhoons. Sloped roofs with reinforced frames are commonly used in coastal areas to withstand these forces. DESIGN 7 TERMS & PRINCIPLES : COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE | 7