Napoleon and the Coup of Brumaire PDF
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Uploaded by SoftDieBrücke7002
2024
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Summary
These notes discuss Napoleon's foreign policy, specifically his attempts to conquer the Ottoman Empire, and his plans to take over Egypt, Syria, and India. The notes discuss the logistics and resources needed to achieve this vision, as well as the context of the time period including the British control of the Mediterranean Sea, which hindered the plans. The historical context of events surrounding the time is provided.
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educe notes for future R ate: 11/12/24 D Class: Topic: Napoleon recall...
educe notes for future R ate: 11/12/24 D Class: Topic: Napoleon recall of key ideas(Written Social and the Formation soon after of the coup of lesson/presentation) Brumaire - Napoleon is given the title “Commander Record Notes( Written during lesson/presentation,point form) of the Orient” based - Napoleon is given a promotion and the title: on his foreign policy “Commander of the orient”, based on his idea that it - His foreign policy was possible to conquer oriental nations like India, by and ideas to conquer defeating the British, to inherit the British empire. the ottoman would However, this notion is never actualized. make the French feel - Additionally, Napoleon had the idea of conquering the powerful Ottoman empire in an attempt to win French supporters - To achieve this (by making the French people feel powerful in his vision, grand scale stead) logistics would be - However, to actually achieve this, a large supply line required, which would be required to maintain reach to the region, to would be hard to move equipment, materials, etc. back and forth. produce and protect. Essentially, France would not only require such a The British control of supply line, but would also need an expansive navy to the mediterranean protect said supply line. sea had diminished - The British at this point had control of Trafalgar, which this vision was a central location which offered control of the - Napoleon then had mediterranean sea. Napoleon’s idea, after conquering other plans to defeat the Ottoman, had the idea to conquer India, which was Britain by taking over the crown jewel of Britain. Although due to Britain’s Egypt, Syria, and control of the sea, and the lack of support he had, it no from there India. It longer seemed an option. was at this point when the directory Napoleon’s plans become grander appointed him “Commander of the - Napoleon had the plan to defeat Britain, by taking over Orient” Egypt, then control of Syria, and from there he wanted - The Ottomans were to take over India. The directory appointed Napoleon defeated by the the “Commander of the Orient” French, with the - By July 1798, the French easily defeated the Ottomans French continuing to in the Battle of Pyramids, and from there continued Syria. At the same northwards to Syria. time, Admiral Nelson - Admiral Nelson defeated Napoleon, eliminating his had defeated ambitions Napoleon at - 1798, the 2nd coalition against France was formed, Trafalgar France was losing as the Directory faced lots of - In 1798 France pressure as a result of continuous losses in Germany, suffered several Switzerland, and Italy. Additionally, civil uprisings losses from the 2nd sprung, and more troops were called back coalition and the - Napoleon found out about this while reading an English directory was under newspaper in Egypt, and on August 23, 1799, lots of pressure. Napoleon abandoned over 30 000 of his troops and After Napoleon returned to France. Napoleon arrived back in France in found out, he October, and was greeted as a hero, dubbed “The abandoned over 30 Conqueror of Egypt” 000 of his troops and left for France, upon N apoleon seizes power his arrival he was greeted as - Upon his return, Napoleon immediately actioned the Conqueror of Egypt coup of Brumaireon November 9th, 1799 with the - Immediately upon help of his brother,Lucien Bonaparte arrival to France, - In 1800, a new constitution was drawn up and Napoleon established a new government -the Consulate commenced the (effectively establishing France as a dictatorship). The Coup of Brumaire, government consisted of 3 consuls of which Napoleon with help of his was the first and most important brother Lucien. - Napoleon had aplebisciteto validate the legitimacyof - In 1800, a new his actions and received overwhelming support constitution was drawn and a new Coup of Brumaire government - the Consulate - A fter the 2nd coalition was formed against France, it (dictatorship) was suffered several losses in different regions, As a result: formed - Forced loans on the rich: (as high as 75% of - Gov’t consisted of 3 income) consuls in which - Law of hostages: (Relatives of emigres or Napoleon was first lawbreakers could be arrested) and more important, - Jordan’s Law: goal was to conscript 400 000 also had a plebiscite men - The coup was an inside job, Napoleon returns, coup formation commenced by Sieyez and Lucien - The coup was an inside job, and the plan was (Council of 500) commenced bySieyez, who wished to strengthen the - They fabricated an executive, but needed a loyal general to push through “anarchist plot” in the needed changes.Lucien, who was Napoleon’s which a proposed brother, also took part in the plan while he was threat resulted in the President of the council of 500 moving to the - A series of meetings took place among the men, in government outside which they concocted an “Anarchist plot”, which they of paris to St. Cloud. claimed threatened the government. It was on this basis Command of Paris that the government was moved outside of Paris to St. troops was given to Cloud on November 9th.Command of Paris troops napoleon to protect was given to Napoleon in order to “protect” the the legislature legislature at St. Cloud - Many deputies were - Many deputies were already somewhat suspicious of suspicious of what was going on, so they had Napoleon swear an Napoleon so they oath of loyalty to them before they left had him declare an - On November 10th, numerous directors were arrested, oath of loyalty, but to with the remaining directors resigning. A provisional Napoleon it did not government was now formed to draw up a new matter constitution. While this was happening, Napoleon made - Many directors were rrested and the rest a his move. resigned, gov’t was - He entered the Council of Ancients, but was forced to draw up a rejected new constitution so - Entered the Council of 500 where a call was Napoleon made his made for a “decree of outlawry: move - A quarrel broke out where Napoleon was - He entered the scraped. He was escorted outside and at this Council of Ancients, point Lucien called on the troops to protect their rejected. Entered commander (which Napoleon controls) Council of 500 where - Ended with the “Law of Brumaire” which established a a call for a decree of provisional government with 3 consuls, Sieyes, outlawry was made. Napoleon, and Ducos - Napoleon was - Work then began on a new constitution (The escorted but Lucien Constitution of Year VIII) which came into fruitionon had called on the December 25th, 1799- Christmas, where people troops, controlled by would be celebrating Jesus, but now they would be Napoleon celebrating Napoleon - The coup then ended with the Law of Brumaire, establishing a gov’t with 3 consuls, and work began on a new constitution eflect and Review(Written summary after lesson/presentationto connect key ideas with R overarching/controlling idea)
