Computer Organization and Architecture PDF

+ William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9th Edition + Chapter 1 Introduction Computer Architecture Computer Organization Attributes of a system Instruction set, number of visible to the prog...

+ William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9th Edition + Chapter 1 Introduction Computer Architecture Computer Organization Attributes of a system Instruction set, number of visible to the programmer bits used to represent Have a direct impact on various data types, I/O the logical execution of a mechanisms, techniques program for addressing memory Architectural Computer attributes Architecture include: Organizational Computer attributes Organization include: Hardware details The operational units and transparent to the their interconnections that programmer, control realize the architectural signals, interfaces specifications between the computer and peripherals, memory technology used + Structure and Function n Hierarchical system n Structure n Set of interrelated n The way in which subsystems components relate to each n Hierarchical nature of complex other systems is essential to both n Function their design and their description n The operation of individual components as part of the n Designer need only deal with a structure particular level of the system at a time n Concerned with structure and function at each level + Function n A computer can perform four basic functions: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control  The Computer Structure +  CPU – controls the operation of the computer and performs its There are four data processing functions main structural components  Main Memory – stores data of the computer:  I/O – moves data between the computer and its external environment  System Interconnection – some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O + CPU n Control Unit n Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer Major structural n Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) components: n Performs the computer’s data processing function n Registers n Provide storage internal to the CPU n CPU Interconnection n Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers