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Questions and Answers
What was the main goal of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
What was the main goal of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
Which three leaders primarily made decisions at the Paris Peace Conference?
Which three leaders primarily made decisions at the Paris Peace Conference?
What was a primary concern for Clemenceau regarding Germany?
What was a primary concern for Clemenceau regarding Germany?
What did Lloyd George believe about the punishment of Germany?
What did Lloyd George believe about the punishment of Germany?
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What was one of Orlando's major objectives at the conference?
What was one of Orlando's major objectives at the conference?
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What did Japan desire in the negotiations at the Peace Conference?
What did Japan desire in the negotiations at the Peace Conference?
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What was one of the threats that influenced the urgency of decisions at the Paris Peace Conference?
What was one of the threats that influenced the urgency of decisions at the Paris Peace Conference?
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What nickname did Clemenceau earn due to his stance on Germany?
What nickname did Clemenceau earn due to his stance on Germany?
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Study Notes
Peace Settlements of 1919-1920: Dissatisfaction
- Twenty-seven countries met at Versailles near Paris in January 1919.
- The goal was to create a peace settlement to end World War I and prevent future conflicts.
- Revolutions were occurring in former Austro-Hungarian, Russian, and Turkish empires.
- Revolutions were a significant threat in France and other major European nations.
- Quick decisions at the peace conference were crucial to avoid revolutions.
The Council of Four
- The Council of Four made the most critical decisions at the Paris Peace Conference.
- It consisted of:
- Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Britain)
- Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
- Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau (France)
- President Woodrow Wilson (USA)
- Italy had minimal influence, while the "Big Three" (Britain, France and USA) dominated.
Italy and Japan's Goals
- Italy (Orlando):
- Sought to hold the Entente to the promises made in the 1915 Treaty of London.
- Wanted Austrian territories in South Tyrol and along the Dalmatian coast.
- Claimed the port city of Fiume.
- Japan:
- Wanted recognition for territorial gains during World War I.
- Sought to include a racial equality clause in the League of Nations Covenant.
Disagreements Over Germany: Clemenceau's Goals
- France (Clemenceau):
- Sought to destroy Germany militarily and economically.
- Intended to ensure Germany could not threaten French borders again.
- Sought an alliance with Britain and the USA to sustain post-war cooperation.
- Nicknamed "The Tiger" for his unwavering stance towards Germany
Disagreements Over Germany: Lloyd George's Goals
- Britain (Lloyd George):
- Favored less severe punishment for Germany.
- Focused on Britain's territorial ambitions in the Middle East.
- Believed a unified Germany would act as a barrier against communist Russia.
- Wanted Germany's swift recovery as a major consumer of British goods.
- Under pressure from Dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa) to secure a share of reparations.
Disagreements Over Germany: Wilson's Goals
- USA (Wilson):
- Wanted a lenient peace based on the Fourteen Points and the "Peace without Victory" motto.
- Believed severe punishment for Germany would cause resentment and future conflicts.
- Could no longer claim to fully represent the U.S. government because the Democrats lost control of the Senate in the midterm elections.
- Congress has two houses (Senate and the House of Representatives).
- The Senate has more power and treaties require its approval.
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Description
Explore the complexities of the peace settlements that ended World War I. This quiz covers the key players, major decisions, and the political climate during the Paris Peace Conference. Understand the influence of countries like Italy and Japan amid revolutions in Europe.
