Brain Parts for Part 2 Exam PDF

brain parts for part2 exam Tags BIOPSYCH Status Not started chapter 8, sleep posterior areas of cerebral cortex = activity correlates mainly with circadian rhythm, then how long you have been awake...

brain parts for part2 exam Tags BIOPSYCH Status Not started chapter 8, sleep posterior areas of cerebral cortex = activity correlates mainly with circadian rhythm, then how long you have been awake suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) = hypothalamus, above optic chiasm, generates circadian rhythm automatically sleep spindles = interactions between cells in the thalamus and cortex reticular formation = structure extends from medulla into forebrain (arousal) pontomesencephalon = contributes to cortical arousal locus coereleus = small structure in pons, emits bursts of impulses in respond to meaningful, memorable events hypothalamus = neurons that promote wakefulness and neurons that promote sleep waves of neural activity are dectected in first pons, then lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus then occipital cortex chapter 9, internal regulation anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area (POA/AH) = send output to the hindbrain’s raphe nucleus, which controls the autonomic response receives input from temp. receptors in skin and organs posterior pituitary = releases vasopressin that raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels (when can’t find water to drink) lateral preotic area = increase drinking in reaction to osmotic thirst while supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) stimulate posterior pituitary to release vasopressin brain parts for part2 exam 1  adrenal glands = when sodium levels are low, adrenal glands release aldosterone, causes organs to retain salt vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) = conveys information to the hypothalamus about the stretching of stomach walls duodenum informs brain about distension and the type and amount of nutrition arculate nucleus of the hypothalamus = one set of neurons sensitive to hunger, other to satiety signals lateral hypothalamus = controls insulin secretion, alters taste responsiveness ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) = inhibits feeding effects of hypothalamic lesions lateral hypothalamus = under eating, weight loss, low insulin levels, underarousal, unresponsiveness ventromedial hypothalamus = increased meal frequency, weight gain, high insulin level paraventricular nucleus = increased meal size, especially increased carb intake during the first meal of the active period of the day chapter 10, reproductive behaviours hypothalamus = in female, generates cyclic pattern of hormone release in male = releases hormones more steadily (rats) testosterone enter hypothalamus, enzyme converts it to estradiol (rats) medial preoptic area = conversion to estradiol increase production of prostaglandin anteroventral periventricular nucleus of preoptic area = estradiol and testerone combine to increase cell death in males (area larger in females) (rats) ventromedial hypothalamus = estradiol activate PI3 kinase, increases glutamate release (rats) arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular nucleus = estradiol increases GABA brain parts for part2 exam 2  (humans) testosterone acts on hypothalamus directly, no conversion to estradiol medial preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens = sensitivity to estradiol, maternal behaviour and attention to young adrenal gland = congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), overdevelopment of adrenal gland, cause of an intermediate sexual anatomy third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3) = generally more than twice as large in heterosexual men as in women INAH-3 of homosexual men was intermediate between hetero men and hetero women chapter 11, emotions damage to right somatosensory cortex = little subjective experience to emotional music damage to part of prefrontal cortex = weak autonomic responses insula = disgust emotion depends on insula junction between temporal and parietal cortices right hemisphere = strong responses while watching emotionally charged movie left, mainly frontal and temporal lobes = BAS right, mainly frontal and temporal lobes = BIS right = active in perceiving negative emotions prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus = contemplating dilemmas ventromedial part of prefrontal cortex = compare utilitarian and emotion aspects to make a decision damage = tend to make decisions without emotional consideration corticomedial areas of the amygdala = mood to fight adrenal gland = releases cortisol, conserve energy amygdala = important for startle reflex and general fear lateral and basolateral areas of amygdala = much sensory input goes here brain parts for part2 exam 3  then to central amygdala = combines it with pains and stress info from thalamus hypothalamus and amygdala = activity relates to panic disorder chapter 12, learning and memory lateral interpositus nucleus = essential for learning, when supressed, training had no effect red nucleus (midbrain motor area) = suppressing temporarily prevented the response, did not prevent learning (so nesseary for performing not learning) locus coereleus = emotional experiences arouse this part cerebral and thalamus = information in working memory circulates hippocampus = important for declarative memory, (episodic) hippocampus = stores details cortex = stores semantic information, gist of event, similarities among events hippocampus = important for spatial orientation striatum, part of basal ganglia = learns habits, orients behaviours relative to your body, statistical/probabilistic learning part of parietal cortex = important for subjective experience of reliving a memory hippocampus = long-term depression occurs most readily here chapter 13, cognitive functions left hemisphere dominant for speech production right hemisphere understand meaningful sentences regognises word, cannot name it more responsive to emotional stimuli planum temporale = section of temporal cortex larger in left hemisphere brain parts for part2 exam 4  inferior frontal cortex = responds to conflicting perceptions by temporality inhibiting one or the other brain parts for part2 exam 5