Heart Anatomy - PDF

Anatomy of the Heart 1 Pericardium, Chambers & Great Vessels Niggy Gouldsborough  Heart Base Cone shaped, muscular pump Located in the thorax between the lun...

Anatomy of the Heart 1 Pericardium, Chambers & Great Vessels Niggy Gouldsborough  Heart Base Cone shaped, muscular pump Located in the thorax between the lungs Protected by the ribs and sternum Apex Lies between ribs 2-5 to the left of the midline Apex lies in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line (adapted from Ashton, 2015)  Pericardium The coverings of the heart - composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous pericardium Fibrous Pericardium Inelastic, made of dense connective tissue Fuses inferiorly with the diaphragm and superiorly with the great vessels. Prevents overfilling of the heart and anchors it in position Fibrous pericardium (Gosling et al, 2018)  Serous pericardium Double layered serous membrane – made up of parietal and visceral layers Parietal layer lines the inner surface of the Parietal pericardium fibrous pericardium Visceral layer (epicardium) adheres to the Pericardial cavity surface of heart Pericardial cavity - potential space between the parietal and visceral layers, contains Visceral pericardium pericardial fluid Fibrous pericardium Prevents friction (adapted from Ashton, 2015)  Heart Wall Made up of three layers Endocardium: inner layer – endothelium Myocardium: middle layer - cardiac muscle myocardium Epicardium: outer layer - visceral pericardium endocardium epicardium (Saladin, 2015) Heart wall & pericardium pericardial cavity fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium epicardium – visceral pericardium myocardium endocardium (Saladin, 2015) Chambers of the heart right atrium left atrium (RA) (LA) right ventricle left ventricle (RV) (LV)  Great vessels pulmonary trunk & aorta arteries superior vena pulmonary veins cava inferior right atrium left atrium vena cava right ventricle left ventricle  Anterior View of the Heart arch of aorta superior vena cava left pulmonary artery ascending aorta pulmonary trunk auricle of left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle apex (Ashton, 2015)  Internal View of Heart left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle trabeculae carnae ventricular septum (Ashton, 2015) Where and what are pectinate muscles?  Ventricular walls SUPERIOR VIEW Right Left The wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than that of the right ventricle