Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - HSC1007 - Singapore Institute of Technology - 06.09.2024 PDF

ANATOMY OF THE Cardiovascular System HSC1007 Anatomy and Physiology 1 06.09.2024 Dr Karthik S. Harve Associate Professor and Specialty Lead for Anatomy Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology, SG 138683 [email protected]  Learning Objectives At the...

ANATOMY OF THE Cardiovascular System HSC1007 Anatomy and Physiology 1 06.09.2024 Dr Karthik S. Harve Associate Professor and Specialty Lead for Anatomy Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology, SG 138683 [email protected]  Learning Objectives At the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to understand the 1. Location, orientation and coverings of the heart 2. External and internal features of the heart 3. Cardiac valve anatomy and origin of heart sounds 4. The cardiac conduction system 5. Cardiac blood supply and Myocardial ischemia 6. Micro-anatomy of the cardiac musculature 7. Pathways of blood circulation and vascular structure An Overview of the Cardiovascular System Pictures sourced from: OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1- [email protected]. The Human Heart ❑ 4-chambered fibromuscular pump ❑ ~ 300 g in male; 250 g in female ❑ Size of the fist (Adult: 12 cm X 8 cm X 6 cm) ❑ 1st organ to develop (3rd wk of intrauterine life) Apex ❑ Beats 3 billion times during a lifetime ❑ Located in the ‘middle mediastinum’ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. The Mediastinum: Extent, Divisions and Contents Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Supports of the Heart: The Fibrous Pericardium & Ligaments Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd https://abdominalkey.com/17-the-thorax/ Coverings of Heart: Pericardium, Pericardial sac, Cavity and Contents Fibrous Pericardium: Supportive Serous pericardium: Parietal & Visceral layers Lining epithelium: Mesothelium Pericardial cavity: Pericardial Pictures sourced from: OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1- [email protected]. fluid (15-50 ml) Fibrous Pericardium and Parietal Serous pericardium are pain sensitive Shock absorber Both innervated by Phrenic nerve Pericardial Effusion and Pericardiocentesis Cardiac tamponade (Rapidly developing Pericardial effusion) Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd External features of the Heart: Cardiac Borders & Chambers Borders of the heart as seen in a Cardiac silhouette on X-ray Picture modified from Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier External Features of the Heart Sternocostal (Anterior) Surface ❑ Formed by what chambers? Diaphragmatic (Inferior) Surface ❑ Formed by what chambers? ❑ Identification aids ❑ Identification aids ❑ What forms the Apex? ❑ Locate the veins you see ❑ Locate the apex on the chest Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Posterior Surface (Base) ❑ Formed by what chambers? ❑ Identification aids ❑ Locate the coronary sinus Standard Chest X-ray views Postero-Anterior (PA) view Lateral view Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Internal features of Cardiac chambers: Right Atrium Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Cardiac chambers: Right Ventricle Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Cardiac chambers: Left Atrium https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Cardiac chambers: Left Ventricle McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Cardiac Valves: Sectional view and Surface Marking https://www.seekpng.com/idown/u2e6e6q8o0t 4u2a9_anatomy-and-function-heart-valve/# Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Atrioventricular Cardiac Valves and their Operation Located at the opening of atria into ventricles Help in preventing backflow of blood into atria from ventricles at systole Closure of the valves is active; by pull of chordae tendinae attached to contracting papillary muscles Valve closure → Turbulence of blood flow → Generation of first heart sound (S1) Creative Commons Attribution- Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Share Alike 4.0 https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/d Unported license. International license. efault.aspx?pid=19239&id=8526511 Cardiac Conduction System Cardiac innervation (Modulate the conduction system only) Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Wheater’s Functional Histology, 6th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license  Cardiac Skeleton and Function The fibrous skeleton anchors the valves of the heart, and gives attachment to the cardiac musculature above and below. Creative Commons Attribution- Share Alike 4.0 Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd International license.  Blood Supply of the Heart Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Blood Supply of the Heart Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Blood Supply of the Heart: Coronary Artery Imaging McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Ischemic Heart Disease: Applied & Clinical Anatomy Picture source: Ischemic Heart Disease: Therapeutic Intervention Picture source: Histology of Cardiac Muscle Intercalated disc Cardiac cell–cell junctions in health and disease: Electrical versus mechanical coupling. Maartje Noorman et al.. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · April 2009 Wheater’s Functional Histology, 6th Edition, Elsevier Ltd The Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Blood_volumes_at_different_levels_of_ the_circulatory_system.png OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7- [email protected]. End of Lecture