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# Need to Know ## Adductors * **Action:** Adduct femur ## Hamstrings * **Action:** Flex leg at knee, assist hip extension ## Quadriceps * **Action:** Extend knee, flex hip ## Sartorius * **Action:** Flexes knee & hip, laterally rotates femur * **Stabilizes:** knee & hip (Iliotibial Band (ITB...

# Need to Know ## Adductors * **Action:** Adduct femur ## Hamstrings * **Action:** Flex leg at knee, assist hip extension ## Quadriceps * **Action:** Extend knee, flex hip ## Sartorius * **Action:** Flexes knee & hip, laterally rotates femur * **Stabilizes:** knee & hip (Iliotibial Band (ITB)) ## Gastrocnemius * **Action:** Plantar flexion, knee extended ## Soleus * **Action:** Plantar flexion, knee flexed ## Tibialis Anterior * **Action:** Dorsiflexion & inversion ## Peroneals * **Action:** Eversion & plantar flexion # Nice to Know * **Pubic bone & ischium, medial edge of femur:** 5 muscles - adductor magnus, longus & brevis, gracilis & pectineus * **Ischium & femur, tibia & fibula:** 3 muscles - biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendonosus * **Femur & AIIS, tibia:** 4 muscles - rectus femoris, vastus medialis, intermedius & lateralis (Anterior superior iliac spine ASIS, tibia) * **Ilium, tibia:** Tailor's muscle * **Femur, calcaneus**: Not a muscle, but an important tendon * **Tibia & fibula, calcaneus**: Main propelling force for running & walking, with gastrocnemius, attaches via Achilles tendon * **Tibia, 1st metatarsal & cuneiform (a tarsal) Fibula, 1st & 5th metatarsals**: Use in hill walking   # BACK & PELVIS | Name | Action | Attachments | Notes | |-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Latissimus Dorsi | Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus. | Iliac crest, T7-S5, humerus | Widest muscle of the back - which moves the arm! Deep to Erectors | | Quadratus Lumborum | Extends & laterally flexes trunk. Extend trunk when both sides contract (laterally flex trunk when one side contracts). | Iliac crest, 12th rib, L1-L4, sacrum, all vertebrae, ribs, occipital bone | | | Erector Spinae | Extend trunk when both sides contract (laterally flex trunk when one side contracts). | Sacrum, all vertebrae, ribs, occipital bone | A group of muscles - iliocostalis, longissimus & spinalis | | Piriformis | Laterally rotates leg | Sacrum, femur | Tight muscle may cause sciatica | | Gluteus Maximus | Extends & laterally rotates femur | Sacrum, ilium & femur | | | Gluteus Medius | Abducts & medially rotates femur | Ilium, greater trochanter | | | Tensor Fascia Latae | Flexes, abducts & medially rotates hip | Ilium, greater trochanter | Also extends trunk especially lower back | | Iliopsoas | Hip Flexor, also flexes trunk | Iliac crest, ITB, L1-L5 (psoas), ilium (iliacus), lesser trochanter | Small but important. Also gluteus minimus - same attachments & action as medius. 2 muscles acting together - important for runners. | # BUTTOCKS & LEGS