CSE 102 Mid-Semester Exam Notes PDF

CSE 102 - Mid Semester Exam Notes [Communication Basics] **Human Communication is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages. **Communication is the process of acting on information → The 7 Cs of comm...

CSE 102 - Mid Semester Exam Notes [Communication Basics] **Human Communication is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages. **Communication is the process of acting on information → The 7 Cs of communication According to the 7 Cs, communication needs to be: 1) Clear: Be clear about your goal/purpose, avoid ambiguity and be straightforward, minimize the number of ideas in each sentence. Bad Example: Hi John, I wanted to write you a quick note about Daniel working in your department. He's a great asset, and I'd like to talk to you more about him when you have time. Best, Skip [what is this about? What is Daniel doing, specifically, that's so great? It's so vague. John must write back for more information. This email has no sense of purpose, so it's a bit confusing.] Good Example: Hi John, I wanted to write you a quick note about Daniel Kedar, who works in your department. In recent weeks, he's helped the IT department meet several pressing deadlines on his own time. We've got a tough upgrade project due to run over the next three months, and his knowledge and skills would prove invaluable. Would you be willing to help with this work? I'd appreciate speaking with you about this. When is the best time to call you to discuss this further? Best wishes, Skip [much more precise + reader has the information he needs to take action]  2) Concise Stick to the point & keep it brief. Delete filler words & eliminate unnecessary words/sentences. Avoid repetition. Bad Example: Hi Matt, I wanted to touch base with you about the email marketing campaign we sketched out last Thursday. I think our target market will want to see the company's philanthropic efforts. That could make a big impact, and it would stay in their minds longer than a sales pitch. For instance, if we discuss the company's efforts to become sustainable and the charity work we're doing in local schools, then the people we want to attract will remember our message longer. The impact will just be greater. What do you think? Jessica [too long! There is repetition, & plenty of "fillers" taking up space.] Good Example: Hi Matt, I wanted to discuss the email marketing campaign we analyzed last Thursday quickly. Our target market will want to know about the company's philanthropic efforts, especially our goals to become sustainable and help local schools. This would make a far greater impact and stay in their minds longer than a traditional sales pitch. What do you think? Jessica [more concise, no filler words, easier to read] 3) Concrete The audience clearly understands a concrete message, there are details but not too many, vivid facts & laser-like focus, solid message. Be specific, provide tangible examples/details, don’t be vague. Consider this advertising copy… Bad Example: The Lunchbox Wizard will save you time every day. [no passion, no vivid detail, nothing that creates emotion, and nothing that tells people in the audience why they should care. not concrete enough to make a difference.] Good Example: How much time do you spend every day packing your kids' lunches? No more! Take a complete Lunchbox Wizard from your refrigerator daily to give your kids a healthy lunch and have more time to play or read with them! [better because it uses vivid images, the audience can picture spending quality time with their kids. It explains how the product is practical. The message has come alive through the details.] 4) Correct Correct communication makes the message understandable & error-free. Avoid using jargon, avoid spelling and grammar mistakes. Bad Example: Hi Daniel, Thanks so much for meeting me at lunch today! I enjoyed our conservation and look forward to moving ahead on our project. I'm sure that the two-weak deadline won't be an issue. Thanks again, and I'll speak to you soon! Best, Jack Miller [there are 2 spelling mistakes] 5) Coherent Coherent communication is logical, all points are connected & relevant to the main topic, the tone & flow are consistent. Bad Example: Traci, I wanted to write you a quick note about the report you finished last week. I gave it to Michelle to proof, and she wanted to make sure you knew about the department meeting we're having this Friday. We'll be creating an outline for the new employee handbook. Thanks, Michelle [the email doesn't communicate its point very well. Where is Michelle's feedback on Traci's report? She started to mention it, but then she changed the topic to Friday's meeting.] Good Example: Hi Traci, I wanted to write you a quick note about the report you finished last week. I gave it to Michelle to proofread, and she let me know that you'll need to make a few changes. She'll email you her detailed comments later this afternoon. Thanks, Michelle [Michelle doesn’t mention Friday's meeting. The meeting reminder should be an entirely separate email. Each email should have only one main topic.] 6) Complete A complete message has to include everything the audience needs to be informed about. It should have a ‘call to action’ and all relevant information such as contacts, date, location & so on. Bad Example: Hi everyone, I just wanted to send you all a reminder about the meeting we're having tomorrow! See you then, Chris [not complete: what meeting? When? Where? Team is left without necessary information] Good Example Hi everyone, I just wanted to remind you about tomorrow's meeting on the new telecommuting policies. The meeting will be at 10 a.m. in the second level conference room. Please let me know if you can't attend. See you then, Chris 7) Courteous Courteous communication is respectful, friendly, open, and honest. No hidden insults or passive-aggressive tones. You keep your reader's perspective and feelings in mind. Bad Example: Jeff, I wanted to let you know that I don't appreciate how your team always monopolizes the discussion at our weekly meetings. I have a lot of projects, and I need time to get my team's progress discussed as well. So far, thanks to your department, I haven't been able to do that. Can you ensure they make time for me and my team next week? Thanks, Phil [not courteous, messages like this can start office-wide fights. This email does nothing but create bad feelings, it can lower productivity and morale.] Good Example: Hi Jeff, I wanted to write you a quick note to ask a favor. During our weekly meetings, your team does an excellent job of highlighting their progress. But this uses some of the time available for my team to highlight theirs. I'd appreciate it if you could give my team extra time each week to cover their progress reports fully. Thanks so much, and please let me know if there's anything I can do for you! Best, Phil [This email is courteous & friendly, it has little chance of spreading bad feelings around the office.] (Practice Questions from Class Test 1 Review and the actual Class Test)>>> → An email that is very direct in tone or could cause office-wide confusion is a bad example of which “C” in the 7 Cs of Communication? a. Courteous b. Concrete c. Concise d. None of the above → A message communicating everything one needs to be informed is a good example of which “C” in the 7 Cs of Communication? a. Complete b. Concrete c. Concise d. All the above → Rita Charon’s TED Talk (Practice Questions from Class Test 1 Review and the actual Class Test)>>> → “Narrative Medicine” is defined as … a. “Clinical practice made stronger by the knowledge of stories.” b. “Clinical practice fortified by the knowledge of what to do with stories.” c. “Clinical practice is fortified by the knowledge of patients' war stories.” d. None of the above → Narrative Medicine was created by … a. Amy Cuddy b. Rita Charon c. Danielle Ofri d. Jerome Groopman → Narrative Medicine was created in the … a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s Narrative medicine started in the 1990’s in response to things happening in the 1960s → According to Rita Charon’s TED Talk, “Honoring the Stories of Illness,” the four skills of narrative medicine… a. Reading, writing, listening, speaking b. Reading, writing, storytelling, receiving c. Readding, receiving, absorbing, storytelling d. None of the above **Correct answer is: Reading, Writing, Listening, Storytelling → According to Rita Charon, medicine is for… a. Making patients feel better b. Healing the glare of death c. The making of contact d. All the above → According to Dr. Rita Charon in her TED Talk, narrative medicine is “clinical practice fortified by the knowledge of what to do with ___________.” a. Patients b. Medicine c. Stories d. All the above → Danielle Ofri: “For Whom Do We Write?” (Practice Questions from Class Test 1 Review and the actual Class Test)>>> → According to Danielle Ofri in “For Whom Do We Write,” she writes war stories. a. True b. False → When Danielle Ofri writes, “I started to pay closer attention to the narratives unfolding in even the most prosaic of encounters with patients,” prosaic means… a. Interesting b. Fun c. Proud d. Dull → When Danielle Ofri writes, “Was my writing simply cathartic, an unloading of pent-up frustration, pain, occasional exhilaration?” Cathartic means … a. Interesting and fun b. Energetic and tiring c. Proud and fun d. Releasing from stress (DEFINITION Practice Questions from Class Test 1 Review and the actual Class Test)>>> → “The process of acting on information to give humans meaning” is… a. Communication b. Human communication c. Symbol d. None of the above → “Underpinning” means … a. Underneath b. Under pins and needles c. Foundation d. All the above → To “palpate” means … a. Examine by touch b. Touching softly c. Touch using ginger d. All the above → “Nettlesome” means a. Stubborn b. annoying c. troubled d. All the above → A “tapestry” is a … a. A patient’s life story b. A piece of intricately woven cloth c. A war story from “For Whom Do We Write” d. All the above [5 Principles of Communication] → The 5 Principles of Communication The five communication principles apply to the most common communication contexts: interpersonal, group, and presentational communication. These five principles work together rather than independently. BUT… Communication has 2 dimensions: content & relationship dimensions **Content dimension: the new information, ideas, or suggested actions the speaker wishes to express. Content Dimension: [more direct] [deals with the information] [you are bringing new information to another person] **Relationship dimension: usually less explicit and offers cues about the emotions, attitudes, and amount of power and control the speaker directs toward others. → there are 2 aspects in the relationship dimension: power and control Relationship dimension: [indirect] [deals with the emotions and attitudes] [you say it but you don’t say it the way you could say it because you don’t want to hurt someone’s feelings or come out as too aggressive] 4 Types of Communication >> Interpersonal communication: [when two individuals interact, mutually influencing each other. This interaction is often aimed at managing relationships.] > example: Two friends discussing their weekend plans and influencing each other's decisions. Intrapersonal communication: [occurs within oneself, including thoughts, emotions, and perceptions of oneself and others.] > example: Thinking to yourself about whether to take a job offer or not. Impersonal communication: [occurs when we treat people as objects or respond to their roles rather than to who they are as unique people.] > example: A cashier quickly asking, “Cash or card?” without any personal interaction. Small group communication: [occurs among a small group of people who share a purpose or goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group, and exert influence on others.] > example: A project team brainstorming ideas for a presentation and giving feedback to one another. The 5 Principles >> Principle One: Be aware of your communication with yourself and others. Be aware of your intrapersonal communication. Be conscious of how your self-talk affects your communication behavior. Be aware of others' communication behavior. NOTES: be aware of how you talk/process information & how that comes across to people Principle Two: Effectively use and interpret verbal messages. Use clear & precise words to explain ideas and concepts to others. Make a concerted effort to interpret the words of others accurately. NOTES: just because you think something is normal, doesn’t mean everyone thinks the same, & just because you understand something one way, doesn’t mean everyone understands it the same way [make sure what you want to say is what the other person understands] Principle Three: Effectively use and interpret nonverbal messages. Use nonverbal, unspoken cues to express feelings and emotions to others or to modify the explicit verbal message you are communicating to others. Make a conscious effort to decode others' nonverbal messages. Principle Four: Listen and respond thoughtfully to others. Be other-oriented by taking special care to listen to both the verbal and nonverbal messages of others. Be deliberate in providing feedback to those to whom you are listening. NOTES: focus on the person you’re talking to, be present, be empathetic Principle Five: Appropriately adapt messages to others. Use your listening and nonverbal communication skills to help you appropriately adjust both your message and how you communicate it to others Make ethical choices about formulating a message best and responding to others to achieve your communication goals. NOTES: be aware of who you’re speaking to & how messages are received before you speak, read the room, sensor/filter yourself. (Practice Questions from Class Test 1 Review and the actual Class Test)>>> → A situation in which a professor and a student are discussing a student's failing mark is an example of... a. content dimension of communication b. relationship aspect of communication c. power element of relationship dimension d. none of the above → A situation in which party A gives new information to party B about how to improve their relationship is an example of.. a. power element of relationship dimension b. control c. content dimension d. none of the above → A professor driving on the highway talking to himself about how he will ask his first wife for a second wife is an example of... a. interpersonal communication b. intrapersonal communication c. impersonal communication d. All of the above → A scenario in which a woman is in a doctor's office but is looking down at her hands and is unwilling to talk to the doctor is an example of which principle of communication … a. One b. Two c. Three d. Five → Which principle is Danielle Ofri talking to herself an example of? Answer: principle 1, point 2 → Jerome Groopman: “How Doctors Think” (Practice Questions)>>> → Groopman's discussion of his first 2 years of medical school is an example of … a. Heuristic learning b. OET c. Narrative Medicine d. None of the above → According to Groopman heuristics are … a. short cuts b. index cards c. the right shortcuts d. inner feelings of doctors → Danielle Ofri: “M&M” (Practice Questions)>>> → Language Extemporaneous speech: A well-prepared speech that relies on research, clear organization, and practiced delivery, but is neither read nor memorized. It means “without planning.” Extemporaneous speeches are delivered with prepared notes and can have preparation time from a few minutes to half-an-hour. Impromptu speech: is unrehearsed and is delivered on the spot. For an impromptu speech, you’ll generally have 1-3 minutes of preparation for a speech lasting 5-8 minutes. Tougher speech events can reduce this preparation time down to 30 seconds and require you to plan your speech mentally, without any paper to write notes on. **Neither the Impromptu nor the Extemporaneous speeches are memorized People create meanings for language on two levels: denotative and connotative Denotative: The denotative meaning of a word conveys CONTEXT. It is the literal meaning of a word. Example: an apartment is “a room or suite of rooms used as a residence.” The definition is literal. Connotative: The connotative meaning of a word conveys FEELINGS. People create personal and subjective meanings of words; its interpretation is individually based. Example: to you, the word apartment might mean a comfortable place to relax at the end of the day or a setting to entertain friends. To others, an apartment might mean feelings of guilt or dread because of that word. Concrete meanings of language refer to experience; if you can see it, touch it, smell it, taste it, or hear it, it’s concrete. It’s tangible. Example: “It’s 45 degrees outside.” → there is only one meaning for this, and everyone understands this same meaning Abstract meanings of language are more difficult to understand. Abstract words cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the senses. Example: Can you taste, hear, or smell democracy, patriotism, justice, truth…? + Everyone can have a different interpretation for each of these words. (Practice Questions)>>> → “I traveled to America and found it to be a country that is racist,” is an example of … a. Concrete language b. Principle 4 of communication c. Content dimension of communication d. Abstract language