CSC 111 Lecture 1 PDF

COS/CSC 101/111 LECTURE 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS DR. ZUBAIR ADAM DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCE 1 LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY  OVERVIEW  Introduction to & History of Computer  Basic Computer Configuration  Hardw...

COS/CSC 101/111 LECTURE 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS DR. ZUBAIR ADAM DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCE 1 LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY  OVERVIEW  Introduction to & History of Computer  Basic Computer Configuration  Hardware (Input, Storage and Output Devices)  Software (Operating System, Application Software, etc.)  Internet  Using personal computers as effective problem-solving tools for the present and future.​  Computer application areas and technological trends.​ 2  COMPUTER AND COMPUTER SCIENCE  What is a Computer?  A computer is a programmable electronic device that can perform activities that involve Mathematical, Logical and graphical manipulations.  A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.​  Computer is any electronic device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations.  Fundamental operations sequence in a computer.  It receives data & instructions from the input device.  Processes the data as per instructions.  Provides the result (output) in a desired form.  What is Computer Science?  Computer science, the study of computers and computing, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations, hardware and software, and their uses for processing information.​ 3  Data, Information and Instructions.  Data : It is the collection of raw facts, figures & symbols.  Ex : Names of students and their marks in different subjects listed in random order.  Information : It is the data that is processed & presented in an organized manner.  Ex : When the names of students are arranged in alphabetical order, total and average marks are calculated & presented in a tabular form, it is information.  Program : Set of instructions that enables a computer to perform a given task. 4  History of Computer  Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers.  These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a mathematical expression.  The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.  The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. 5  History of Computer Tally Sticks  Tally Sticks A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages. 6  History of Computer Abacus  An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations. 7  History of Computer Napier’s Bones  Invented by John Napier in 1614.  Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards. 8 Assignment  Write a short note on the following device stating their year of invention and uses respectively.  Slide Rule  Pascaline  Stepped Reckoner  Jacquard Loom  Arithmometer  Difference Engine and Analytical Engine 9 Discussio n Impact of Computer s on the Society. 10 Discussio n Computer s Vs Humans 11  Advantages of computers  High speed : Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a greater speed than human beings. They can perform millions of calculations in seconds.  Accuracy : Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.  Storage : Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or any instruction stored in the memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning speeds.  Automation : Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically (which increases the productivity).  Diligence : Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy without getting tired.  Versatility : Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex tasks.  Cost effectiveness : Computers reduce the amount of paper work and human effort, thereby reducing costs. 12  Limitation of Computers  Computers need clear & complete instructions to perform a task accurately. If the instructions are not clear & complete, the computer will not produce the required result.  Computers cannot think.  Computers cannot learn by experience. 13  History of Computer Generations of computers S/N Generation Component Used 1 First Generation (1946- Vacuum tubes 1954 ) 2 Second Generation (1955- Transistors 1965) 3 Third Generation (1968-1975 Integrated Circuits (IC) ) 4 Fourth Generation ( 1976- Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits 1980) (VLSI) 5 Fifth Generation (1980 – till Ultra Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI) today ) Micro Processor (SILICON CHIP) 14