Information Technology Lecture GEN 001 PDF

Information Technology GEN 001 Dr. Ahmed Tohamy  15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 1 Intr...

Information Technology GEN 001 Dr. Ahmed Tohamy  15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 1 Introduction to the World of Computers Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning  Introduction Assessment: – Mid-term Exam = 20% – Quiz, and Assignments =40% – Final Exam = 40% Contact: [email protected] Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 3  Learning Objectives 1. Explain why it is essential to learn about computers today and discuss several ways computers are integrated into our business and personal lives. 2. Define a computer and describe its primary operations. 3. List some important milestones in computer evolution. 4. Identify the major parts of a personal computer, including input, processing, output, storage, and communications hardware. 5. Define software and understand how it is used to instruct the computer what to do. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 4  Learning Objectives 6. List the six basic types of computers, giving at least one example of each type of computer and stating what that computer might be used for. 7. Explain what a network, the Internet, and the World Wide Web are, as well as how computers, people, and Web pages are identified on the Internet. 8. Describe how to access a Web page and navigate through a Web site. 9. Discuss the societal impact of computers, including some benefits and risks related to their prominence in our society. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 5  Overview This chapter covers: – What computers are, how they work, and how they are used – Computer terminology – An overview of the history of computers – The basic types of computers in use today – How to access resources on the Internet – Societal impacts of computers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 6  Computers in Your Life Why learn about computers? – Pervasive computing Also known as ubiquitous computing Computers have become an integral part of our lives – Basic computer literacy Understanding what a computer is and how it works Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 7  Computers in Your Life Before 1980 – Computers were large and expensive – Very few people had access to them – Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks Microcomputers in the early 1980s – Inexpensive personal computers – Computer use increased dramatically Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 8  Computers in Your Life Today – Nearly 90% of US households have a computer or mobile phone, and most individuals use some type of computer on the job. – Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities Check e-mail on living room television View Internet content on mobile devices – Computer literacy is an essential skill for everyone Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 9  Computers in Your Life Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 10  Computers in the Home Computers used for a variety of tasks: – Looking up information and news – Exchanging e-mail – Shopping and paying bills – Watching TV and videos – Downloading music and movies – Organizing digital photographs – Playing games – Making vacation plans Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 11  Computers in the Home Used for reference, productivity, and entertainment Wireless networking – Computers can be used in nearly any location Smart appliances – Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology Smart homes – Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 12  Computers in Education Today’s youth can definitely be called the computing generation Computer labs and classrooms – Most students today have access to computers at school – Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum Wireless hotspots – Colleges and universities are even more integrated – Some have computer requirements for enrollment Supplied or Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Distance learning – Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using computers and Internet access Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 13  Computers in Education Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 14  Computers on the Job Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making, productivity, and communication – By all types of employees – For access control and other security measures – For service professional use – Extensively by the military – Requires continually refreshing computer skills – Common uses: – Decision making, productivity, off-site communications, and authentication Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 15  Computers on the Job Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 16  Computers on the Go Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life – Consumer kiosks – ATM transactions – POS systems at retail stores – Self-checkout systems – Consumer authentication systems – Portable computers or mobile devices – GPS systems Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 17  Technology and You Restaurant iPad Ordering Systems – Used in conjunction with e-menus – Customers can place and pay for orders – Can provide more resources to customers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 18  What Is a Computer and What Does It Do? Computer – A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations on that data, and stores the data – Follows instructions, called programs, which determine the tasks the computer will perform Basic Operations – Input: Entering data into the computer – Processing: Performing operations on the data – Output: Presenting the results – Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use – Communications: Sending or receiving data Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 19  What Is a Computer and What Does It Do? Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 20  Data vs. Information Data – Raw, unorganized facts – Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video Information – Data that has been processed into a meaningful form Information Processing – Converting data into information Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 21  Computers Then and Now The computer as we know it is a recent invention The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development Precomputers and early computers (before approx. 1946) – Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator – Punch Card, Tabulating Machine, and Sorter Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 22  Computers Then and Now First-generation computers (1946-1957) – Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes – Used a great deal of electricity and generated a lot of heat – ENIAC and UNIVAC Second-generation computers (1958-1963) – Used transistors – Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and more reliable – Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 23  Computers Then and Now Third-generation computers (1964–1970) – replacement of the transistor with integrated circuits (ICs) – allowing third-generation computers to be even smaller and more reliable – keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and output Fourth-generation computers (1971-present) – invention of the microprocessor in 1971 – Keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, output, hard drives, flash memory media, and optical discs. – development of computer networks, wireless technologies, and the Internet Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 24  Computers Then and Now Fifth-generation (now and the future) – Infancy stage – May be based on artificial intelligence (AI) – Will likely use voice and touch input – May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 25  Hardware Hardware: The physical parts of a computer – Internal hardware Located inside the main box (system unit) of the computer – External hardware Located outside the system unit Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless connection – Hardware devices are associated with all five computer operations Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 27  Hardware Input Devices – Used to input data into the computer – Keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, microphones, touch pads, touch screens, fingerprint readers, etc. Processing Devices – Perform calculations and control computer’s operation – Central processing unit (CPU) and memory Output Devices – Present results to the user – Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 28  Hardware Storage Devices – Used to store data on or access data from storage media – Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash drives, etc. Communications Devices – Allow users to communicate with others and to electronically access remote information – Modems, network adapters, routers, etc. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 29  Hardware Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 30  Software Software – The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do System Software – Operating System (OS) starts up the computer and controls its operation ✓Without OS, computer cannot function ✓Boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s direction ✓Most use a GUI to interact with the user via icons, buttons, tiles, etc. ✓Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, etc. ✓Uses a dialog box which is a window displayed when the computer needs more information from the user. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 31  Software Windows 8 interface – Start button, Start screen, tiles, etc. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 32  Application Software Application Software – Performs specific tasks or applications Creating letters, budgets, etc. Managing inventory and customer databases Editing photographs Scheduling appointments Viewing Web pages Exchanging e-mail Burning DVDs Designing homes Playing games Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 33  Application Software Examples of application software – Word processing programs – Multimedia programs – Web browsers – E-mail programs Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 34  Computer Users and Professionals Computer Users (end users) – People who use a computer to obtain information Computer professionals include: – Systems analysts Design computer systems – Programmers Write programs computers use – Computer operations personnel Manage day-to-day computer operations – Security specialists Secure computers and networks against hackers Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 35  Quick Quiz 1. Which of the following was not a first-generation computer? a. IBM PC b. UNIVAC c. ENIAC 2. True or False: A window displayed when the computer needs more information from the user is called a dialog box. 3. Speakers are an example of a(n) _____________ device. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 36  Quick Quiz 1. Which of the following was not a first-generation computer? a. IBM PC b. UNIVAC c. ENIAC 2. True or False: A window displayed when the computer needs more information from the user is called a dialog box. (True) 3. Speakers are an example of an output device. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 37  Thanks Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 38