CPAR Midterms Review PDF

Week 1: Definition and Functions of Art COMPOSITION OF ART Definition and Functions of Art SUBJECT MATTER - According to Marcos (2006), the word art supplies various meanings,...

Week 1: Definition and Functions of Art COMPOSITION OF ART Definition and Functions of Art SUBJECT MATTER - According to Marcos (2006), the word art supplies various meanings, - Every creation or work of art has a subject. In fact, the subject or topic can including ability of human capacity to create things of beauty and be any person, animal, thing, or issue that is described or depicted in an things that stir us; process- art encompasses acts such as drawing, artwork (Benavidez-Perez, 2016). painting, sculpture, designing building and using the camera to - It could be anything that could ignite an artist's imagination, prompting create, and product completed work or the final product. himto create (Cerbo et al, 2010). - According to Webster: “Art is human ingenuity in adapting natural Two Types of Subject Matter things to man’s use Representational art or Objective art Artist uses creativity and innovation in transforming God-made things into man-made things that satisfy his need. - We can easily see identifiable figures or objects. Non-representational art or Non-Objective art Wood = Religious image/House/piece of furniture - It does not depict recognizable objects. Neither it has stories to tell nor Plants = Cloth/paper descriptions to give. Art's power to communicate rests in the language of art Clay = Pots and Idols itself. ART SKILL CUNNING ARTIFICE CRAFT FORM Personal & Technical Ingenuity Mechanical Expertness in - It is the specific quality of an artistic expression which includes all the visual unanalyzable knowledge and skill in workmanship, aspects of the work that can be isolated and described. It is the surface creative and subtlety in imitating cleverness in feature of an artwork that has nothing to do with the art in depth meaning. power efficiency devising, things in attaining inventing, nature one’s ends. CONTENT or - It is what the artwork is about. executing. - It contains the message that the artist is trying to express or communicate. MEDIUM Art can take the form of film, music, theatre, and pop culture, all of which - It is the instrument of the artist in translating his feelings and thoughts into aim to entertain and make people happy. form. What is Contemporary Art and what makes it look the way it does? TECHNIQUE - Contemporary art is the art that springs out of the present-day events - It is how well an artist knows and uses his medium in achieving what he and passions of society. wants in his creation. - It is the newest form of art, amusing people from the middle to the - It is how he selects and arranges his materials to achieve a specific effect. late 20th century up to this very minute. 1|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  THE 7 ELEMENTS OF ART PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN LINE BALANCE - It is the most fundamental of all the elements. It is an identifiable path - Equal amount of element traced by moving point. PROPORTION - Angle of the art RHYTHM - Consistency of objects EMPHASIS & SUBORDINATION SHAPE & FORM - Subject Matter, Supports the Subject Matter - Shape is a two-dimensional figure (length and width) formed when the ends of a line meet. UNITY & VARIETY - On the other hand, form exists in three dimensions (length, width, - Same elements in the art, Different elements and height) and can be viewed from more than one side or perspective. VALUE - It refers to the relative lightness or darkness in anything that is visible. - It has to do with the amount of light in an artwork. COLOR - It refers to the product of light of different wavelengths reflected off objects. SPACE - It is an element of art that refers to the distance between, around, above, below, and within things. TEXTURE - It refers to the surface quality. 2|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Week 2: Different Forms of Arts: Visual Arts & Audio-Visual Arts FORMS OF PAINTING TWO FORMS OF ARTS Easel Painting VISUAL ARTS - The most common form of painting as this involves applying of color to a board or canvas that is supported by an upright support called - These are arts that we can sense or see with our own eyes. They are easel. An easel is basically a stand to hold your artwork. It allows you the concrete arts that can be used or merely for visual presentation. to paint in an upright position, rather than hunched over a desk. Painting, sculpture, literature, and architecture are examples of this type of art. Mural Painting AUDIOVISUAL ARTS - These are usually described as a huge wall-sized painting imparting messages on nationalism and on social awareness. - Audiovisual arts are types of art that uses sounds and bodily motions - A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, to communicate creative messages to audiences or spectators. This ceiling or other permanent surfaces. genre of art includes music, dance, drama, and theater. - A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the VISUAL ARTS architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture. PAINTING Telon Painting - is the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two-dimensional visual language. The - It is described as a backdrop or background for the stage. These elements of this language – its shapes, lines, colors, tones, and backdrops are used for komedya, sarswela and sinakulo which are textures – are used in various ways to produce sensations of volume, popular forms of theater in the country. space, movement, and light on a flat surface. - The telon painting wall hanging can represent various themes and is manufactured by combining pure natural feathers and telon, which SCULPTURE represents natural and original texture, achieves a vivid artistic effect, - comes from the Latin word “Sculpture”- meaning to curve. It refers to and coordinates with and accords with the themes. the creation of three-dimensional figures, form designs from a single Kalesa and Jeepney Painting block mass of materials. Sculpture is also often said the oldest form of art. - The Calesa painting is a form of painting that usually done in a particular medium called “Kalesa”, a horse-drawn carriage used in the Philippines. ARCHITECTURE - This type of painting uses one color only in decorating geometric patterns, - comes from the Latin word “Architectura” and Greek word repetitive and thin lines of the “kalesa” frame. “Arkhitekton”, which means “chief” “builder” “carpenter”. - While the Jeepney Painting is the evolution of the Calesa painting. This form of painting uses jeepney as the medium or canvass for the painting process. Architecture is also known as the art and science of designing and It has more intricate designs and colors in decorating patterns as compared erecting buildings and other physical structures. to the latter. 3|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Collage Nude/Sensual Painting - A form of painting that refers to the combination of images in single - The nude, is a form of visual art that focuses on the unclothed human artwork. It also entails cutting and pasting of flat materials into a figure, is an enduring tradition in Western art. It was a preoccupation canvas or board. Collage is a form of artwork that is made by of Ancient Greek art, and after a semi-dormant period in the Middle assembling different pieces to create a new, finished work of art. Ages returned to a central position with the Renaissance. Unclothed - Collage – a form of painting that involves combine images in a single figures often also play a part in other types of art, such as history artwork. Cutting and pasting materials such as paper fabric, tin foil painting, including allegorical and religious art, portraiture, or the and other flat materials onto board or canvas. decorative arts. From prehistory to the earliest civilizations, nude female figures are generally understood to be symbols of fertility or THEMES OF PAINTING well-being. Genre Painting Religious Painting - Genre painting, painting of scenes from everyday life, of ordinary people - Religious art or sacred art or psychic painting is artistic imagery using in work or recreation, depicted in a generally realistic manner. Genre art religious inspiration and motifs and is often intended to uplift the contrasts with that of landscape, portraiture, still life, religious themes, mind to the spiritual. historic events, or any kind of traditionally idealized subject matter. - Psychic painting is a form of art, mainly painting, that is influenced by Historical Painting spiritualism. Spiritualism influenced art, having an influence on artistic consciousness, with spiritual art having a huge impact on what - This type of painting often has a lesson concerning national values. became modernism and therefore art today. - History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a Still Life Painting narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, as in a portrait. - A still life is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, Interior Designing typically commonplace objects which are either natural (food, - This type of painting is used for decoration and aesthetics. At the same flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, shells) or man-made (drinking time, interior painting adds properties of dampness prevention, glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes). washable and easy maintenance. Interior painting is formulated in such METHODS OF SCULPTURAL PROCESS a way that it can withstand abrasion. ADDITIVE SCULPTURE Landscape Painting - Additive sculpture is defined as the piecing together of one or more - A landscape painting or drawing refers to an artwork whose primary materials to create a 3D piece of art. focus is natural scenery, such as mountains, forests, cliffs, trees, rivers, valleys, etc. Landscapes can also be surreal and purely imaginative. SUBTRACTIVE SCULPTURE - Portraits - it portrays the physical characteristics of the subject. - Subtractive sculpture is the removal of pieces of material through carving, cutting, sanding, and other techniques to acquire the desired form. 4|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  SCULPTURAL TECHNIQUES RELIEF SCULPTURE CARVING - A relief sculpture grows out of flat, twodimensional backgrounds and its projection into three-dimensional space is relatively shallow. - Carving involves cutting or chipping away a shape from a mass of - The back of the relief sculpture is not mean to be seen, the entire design can stone, wood, or other hard material. Carving is a subtractive process be understood from a frontal view. whereby material is systematically eliminated from the outside in. LINEAR SCULPTURE MODELING - Linear sculptures are simply those that are made from line. They may be - Modeled sculptures are created when a soft or malleable material constructed from materials such as wire, pipe, or simply imply a line. (such as clay) is built up (sometimes over an armature) and shaped to KINETIC SCULPTURE create a form. Modeling is an additive process. - Kinetic sculpture is a sculpture that has movable parts. Movement is CASTING considered as its basic elements. - Sculptures that are cast are made from a material that is melted ASSEMBLAGE SCULPTURE down—usually a metal—that is then poured into a mold. The mold is allowed to cool, thereby hardening the metal, usually bronze. Casting - A kind of sculpture where the elements present are just assembled from things that are found in the surrounding. is an additive process. - Assemblage is art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often CONSTRUCTED or ASSEMBLED everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially. - A constructed or assembled sculpture is made by joining preformed TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN pieces of material. It differs radically in principle from carved and INTERIOR DESIGN modeled sculpture, both of which are fabricated out of a homogeneous mass of material. It is the process of creating and designing the interior structure of the house to suit - This sculpture technique uses glues, adhesives, and/or welding tools the personality, needs and lifestyle of the people living in it. Interior designing focuses more on the color palettes, furniture choices, and object positioning or placing of the to joined materials together to create a unique piece. inside house. TYPES OF SCULPTURE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FREE STANDING SCULPTURE / FULL ROUND Landscape architecture involves the planning, design, management, and nurturing of - A type of sculpture in which the figures are presented in complete three- the built and natural environments. With their unique skill set, landscape architects dimensional form and are not attached to a flat background (unlike relief), work to improve human and environmental health in all communities. Materials used meaning to say, all visual and intricate details can be seen completely. The are plants, trees, shrubs, flowers, vines, and ground covers like grasses. principal types of sculpture in the round are statues, busts, and sculptural URBAN/CITY PLANNING groups. - Sculpture in the full round cannot be appreciated from only one viewpoint City planning, sometimes called "urban planning," focuses on the quality of life in but must be circled and explored. cities, suburbs, towns, and villages. Just like a doctor need to know about the systems of the body to treat a patient, city planners need to know about the systems of the cities where they work. 5|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  AUDIOVISUAL ARTS DURATION MUSIC - Duration refers to the length of time which a sound is produced. - Music is an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating TIMBRE instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner. - The tone that distinguishes a sound or combination of sound. The sounds may be produced by singers or musical instruments. HARMONY DRAMA AND THEATER - The succession of chords, or chordal progressions made by two or more - Drama is simply defined as a presentation made up of words, sounds, parts, or voices, playing or singing together. and actions of characters. Dramas must be performed or acted out by RHYTHM the characters on stage, film, radio, television, or outdoors. - Theater as performing arts is defined as a collaborative form of art - The term “rhythm” has more than one meaning. It can mean the basic, that uses live performing skills and capabilities of performers to repetitive pulse of the music, or a rhythmic pattern that is repeated present the experience of a real or imagined event before the throughout the music (feel the rhythm). I can also refer to the pattern in time audience or spectators in a specific place. of a single small group of notes. DANCE MELODY - Dance is an audiovisual art form involving series of human - Melody is a timely linear sequence of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. Involves playing notes of different pitches. movements that are spatially, dynamically, rhythmically, and artfully to flow together. TEXTURE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC Texture is the number of layers of sound in a musical composition. PITCH - Monophonic (single melodic line without accompaniment) - Homophonic (sounding of one main melody supported by a subordinate - Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a sound. In Music, the hi ghness one) and lowness of a sound is determined by its placement on the staff. - Polyphonic (simultaneous sounding of two or more melodic lines of VOLUME OR INTENSITY relatively equal interest) - Volume refers to the loudness or softness of sound. The loudest the sound- FORM the highest the volume and the softest the sound-the lowest the volume. - The totality of the composition. It involves combining all the other elements TEMPO to create the music piece. - Tempo is the speed at which a musical piece or passage is meant to be played. - ALLEGRO (FAST), ANDANTE (MODERATELY SLOW), -LENTO (SLOW) 6|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Understanding Drama, Théâtre and Dance - In simpler definition, Radio Play is a type of drama which is being aired over the radio in which the actors also perform live in the studio DRAMA but not before an audience. An example of this is “Itong Inyong Tiya - Drama is derived from the Greek word dram (to act or to do). It is a Dely”. form of art that depicts life’s experiences through the reenactment of Television Play events that takes place in the real world or in the mind of the playwright. This is performed on stage or in front of the camera by - Television Play is a drama shown on television, unlike stage and radio actors and actresses under the supervision of the director. play the play in this type of drama is taped days before it is presented - In art appreciation, drama is simply defined as a presentation made to the public. Magpakailanman and MMK are examples of these in up of words, sounds, and actions of characters. Dramas must be which they portray real life situations. performed or acted out by the characters on stage, film, radio, Movie and Film television, or outdoors. - In literature, a drama is the portrayal of fictional or non-fictional - Movie and Film is a sequence of consecutive still images recorded in events through the performance of written dialog (either prose or a series to be viewed on a screen in such rapid succession as to give poetry). Dramas can be performed on stage, on film, or the radio. the illusion of natural movement, motion picture. Dramas are typically called plays, and their creators are known as - Movie and Film both refer to motion pictures, a medium of “playwrights” or “dramatists.” expression where a series of pictures give the illusion of motion when projected onto a screen. Film is more commonly used by those who FORMS AND TYPES DRAMA work in the motion picture industry while Movie is more usually used Stage Play by consumers. - A stage play is a play performed and written to be performed on stage ELEMENTS OF PLAY PRODUCTION rather than broadcast or made into a movie. Stage plays are those PRODUCER performed on any stage before the audience or spectators. - Stage Play is known as one of the most critical types of drama for it is - Producers usually refers to a person who manages all aspects of a a drama in which actors are prompt to perform live before an production, from overseeing the budget to hiring the director and audience on stage. Example for this is the play “The World is an other artists. Producers must understand both the creative and Apple” by Alberto S. Florentino business sides of theatre. Radio Play DIRECTOR - A radio play isn’t simply a play that happens to be missing the visual - The overall in charge of the dramatic performance and instructs the aspect but an entirely different and specific medium of performance. actors/actresses and all the people involved in the production. Radio plays are dramatized, purely auditory performances that are Director is the one who gives direction as to when the cast members specifically designed to focus on painting a picture in the listeners will do their part or not at the same time has a key role in choosing mind’s eye. They rely entirely on dialogue, music, and foley, otherwise the cast members, production design an all the creative aspects of known as sound effects. filmmaking. 7|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS ACTOR/ACTRESS outfits/costumes and balance the scenes with textures, colors and so many more. - Member of the cast performing the roles assigned by the director and memorizes the script and follow instructions to give justice to MAKE-UP ARTIST my role. - Make-up artist is an artist whose medium is the human body, - An actor or actress is a person who portrays a character in a applying makeup and prosthetics and at the same time to beautify performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional or uglify an actors or actresses pending on their role. medium of the theatre or in modern media such as film, radio, and television. PROPSMAN EDITOR - In charge of creating, managing, and carrying around materials used by the cast to establish their characters meaning to say that they are - Editors’ work is to sequence the scenes to be presented as a the over – all in charge of the materials needed in the production of coherent whole and remove unnecessary scenes and dialogues that a movie. can dampen the overall story. He takes out unnecessary scenes particularly the obscene and offensive ones. LIGHTSMAN SET DESIGNER - Ensure in determining the amount and the sources of light needed to make scenes realistic or credible because the better the light is, - The set designer, also known as the scenic designer, is responsible the better the production is. for designing the scenery and more broadly, the artificial environment- in which a stage, television, or film performance takes SOUND EFFECTS MAN place. - Ensure in determining the amount and the sources of sound needed PRODUCTION DESIGNER to make scenes realistic or credible because the better the sound is, the better the production is. - The task of a production designer is to do the overall design for drama, which is not limited to just a studio, a room, or the stage. It VISUAL EFFECTS MAN also involves designing costumes and props and collaborating with the cinematographer. - Visual effects man oversees producing sights not usually captured by camera in order to make scenes effective. CINEMATOGRAPHER COMPOSER - Cinematographer or also known as director of photography is the chief over the camera and light crews working in a film, television - Composer is a person who writes music especially as a professional production and look for locations that fits the story and assisted by occupation and at the same time creates the THEME SONG to cameramen to shoot scenes. represent the subject matter, and the MUSICAL SCORE that helps set the mood of the audience. COSTUME DESIGNER - Costume Designer is a person who designs costumes for a film and the role of costume designer is to create the characters’ 8|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS AUTHOR/STORY MAKER PERFORMANCE STAGE - When we speak of an author, he is a writer of a book, article or - This element may refer to the space in which the actors can perform. report. The drama’s adapted work of literature is my brainchild. An It may also refer to the space for the audience to sit or stand. Author uses literary elements (characters, setting, plot, theme, DESIGN conflict, POV, tone, mood, and atmosphere to make an effective story. - The design is essential in placing the overall feel of the production. There are two aspects of design. Visual aspects include lighting, set, PLAYWRITE/ SCRIPT WRITER and customers, while nonvisual aspects primarily include sound. - Playwright is a person who composes or writes a play, and the TEXT primary responsibility is to redesign the story into dialogues and instructions. William Shakespeare is an example of a playwright. - This refers to the script. This must be present in a particular play or production. THEATRE FORMS AND TYPE OF PHILIPPINE THEATRE - Theater as performing arts is defined as a collaborative form of art that uses live performing skills and capabilities of performers to 1. DULANG PAHIYANG (RITUALS) present the experience of a real or imagined event before the audience or spectators in a specific place. - In this category, theater is not viewed as a separate activity, but as a part of - The word theater is derived in the Greek word Theatron which life. A ritual is described to communicate with Gods or spirits. This involves a means “a place for seeing, especially for dramatic representations”. shaman, usually a babaylan or an albularyo, calling the spirit and being possessed by that spirit. ELEMENTS OF THEATRE Four kinds of Dulang Pahiyang: PERFORMERS 1. Rituals-Ritual is described as way to communicate with gods or spirits - These are persons who are onstage and portray their characters in a which involves a shaman, usually a babaylan or albularyo. convincing way for the audience. 2. Duplo-Duplo is described as a poetic debate, in which the Balagtasan AUDIENCE derived from. - The performers must present in front of an audience and connect 3. Bayok-In Bayok, two or more singers will interpret the theme in a with it. They tend to respond to the energy the audience shows while spontaneous song- dance debate. watching the play. 4. Balitaw-Balitaw is a poetic debate between a man and a woman. The term DIRECTOR balitaw may also refer to the song and its lyrics or the dance, or to the entire performance itself since it exhibits an exchange of words in a hypothetical - The director serves as an overseer to the entire production. He or she situation. ensures that the performers are doing their job well, including understanding and delivering the text. The director also ensures that the production design works well. 9|CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 2. DULAMBAYAN Moriones – is short street play portraying the capture and beheading of Roman soldier Longinus, who was involved in the crucifixion of Jesus. - Also known as “People’s Theater”. It plays to improve the current systems of government. These theatrical forms include drama simboliko, historical Osana – a short reenactment of the triumphal entry of Jesus to Jerusalem. plays, plays with social realism, teatrong bayang manggagawa etc. Pangangaluluwa – refers to a tradition involving carolers to go to each 3. TEATRONG PANGSIMBAHAN house in the community to act like souls in purgatory and beg for alms. - Concerned with spirituality and this is usually performed depending on the Senakulo – it depicts the story of salvation, starting from the creation of events in the church calendar. These are some forms that are traditional or the world up to the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. folk like komedya, dapit, flores, hudas, huling hapunan, siete palabras and Salubong – a short reenactment that focuses on the meeting of Mary and salubong. Jesus Christ who rose from the dead and this relives the supposed meeting Komedya – a play in verse that portrays the lives of saint. of the risen Christ with the various personalities in the life of Christ: his apostles, his mother Mary and Mary Magdalene. Dapit – refers to the tradition of fetching the image of the community’s patron saint 4. THEATRE ARTS Flores- it may refer to the festival of flowers in honor of Mary, mother of - Theater is viewed as a profession, it is where the production values, Jesus (flores de Mayo). - the everyday offering of flowers to the image of the including set design, props, and lightings are being considered seriously. Virgin (alay) - the closing procession on the last Sunday of May (flores de School-based Theater Maria) - sunduan 1. Children’s Theater This refers to plays with children as actors and it may Hudas – it refers to the burning of the image of Judas Iscariot. also include plays performed by adults for an audience of children. Huling Hapunan – is the final meal and the actual supper enacted to 2. Puppet Theater This kind of theatre is also frequently performed in commemorate the last supper of Jesus with his disciples on the night before schools. It is a form of drama in which puppets portray the roles of the his crucifixion. Huling Hapunan (Last Supper) is commemorated by Christians characters in the story. For example, is Arn – Arn of the famous puppet of especially on Maundy Thursday Unang Hirit. Paghuhugas ng Paa –a religious rite practiced by the hierarchy of the 5. OPERA Roman Catholic of Holy WeekChurch on Maundy Thursday. This is a short ritual reenacts Christ washing the feet of his disciples before the Last Supper. - It is a form of musical theater introduced in the Philippines during the late 19th Century. It is a drama set to music and is consist of singing with Panunuluyan – a procession that re-enacts Mary and Joseph’s search for orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes. an inn in Betlehem and it involves using 2 karo (floats) which bear the images of Mary and Joseph and singing of one male and one female singer accompanied by a brass band. Pastores - is typically presented before Christmas Day; in some areas, pastores involves a group of singers dressed as shepherds who go to every house in the area singing and dancing to Christmas songs. 10 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  TYPES OF OPERA TYPES OF PHILIPPINE FILM MUSICAL DRAMA Aksyon (Action) - Opera in which the musical and dramatic elements are equally important. - this American-influenced type of film mainly uses physical conflict as INDIGENOUS THEATER emphasis. There are lot of actors which we really idolize them. For example, Coco Martin he was known as Cardo in Probinsyano and this - It is usually seen in the form of rituals, mimetic customs and dances and it catches the attention of majority. has mostly Malay qualities. Drama THEATER WITH SPANISH INFLUENCE - refers to a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and - These plays include drama, komedya, senakulo/sinakulo, and sarswela. conflicts. THEATER WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUENCE Komedi (Comedy) - Bodabil is a stage presentation that consists of a range of musical and - the aim of this film is to induce laughter. Rodolfo Vera Quizon, Sr. also comedy acts, skits and monologues, novelty and acrobatic numbers, solos, and chorus lines. known as Dolphy was a great comedian during his time and there are lot of comedians here in the Philippines like Ai –Ai delas las, Redford MODERN OR ORIGINAL PLAYS BY FILIPINOS White, Vice Ganda etc. REPRESENTATIONAL PLAY Take note: There are Two Types of Comedy first one is Romantic Comedy, and - It involves making an illusion of reality with well-rounded characters either it is a love story that is presented with music and humor and the second one Psychological or Social. is Slapstick Comedy it focuses on using a physical or psychological defect or using ill-mannered behavior of characters as sources of laughter. PRESENTATIONAL PLAY Fantasy - It focuses on discussing social issues and ideas. - Refers to a relationship that acknowledges the audience, whether directly - this film depicts scenes in an imaginary world Komiks stories, folklore by addressing them, or indirectly through a general attitude or specific use and science fiction fall under fantasy film. of language, looks, gestures or other signs that indicate that the character or actor is aware of the audience's presence. Horror BREACHTIAN THEATER - Shown to bring fear to the audience and it includes supernatural beings. - Also known as theater instruction; it features social orientation and utilizes mime, songs, stylist sets and costumes, and typical characters. Historical DULA-TULA - It shows actual events that occurred in the past. - a variant of dramatic monologue, which involves one actor speaking while acting out his emotions and thoughts. 11 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Animation ELEMENTS OF DANCE - A film that involves creating illustrations or inanimate images and BODY ELEMENT bringing them to life. We have three types of Animation namely: - How the body of the dancer moves; Drawn animation, Cut-out animation, and Model or live animation. - What part of the body is moving; Bomba - What actions are performed; and - How the body aligns and supports itself - primarily depicts nudity. SPACE Dokyu (Documentary) - AREA where the dance is performed. - motion picture that narrates or discusses news events. - Direction, size, focus, level, and elevation can be used in describing Film Journalism the use of space. - reports events based on facts and gives emphasis on timelines. TIME General-interest Film - Accent, beat, duration, meter, rhythm, and acceleration can be used in describing time. - primarily informs the public on a particular subject (travelogue) ENERGY Nature Documentaries - How the body releases the energy in a movement. - brings knowledge about physical world. - DYNAMICS Committed Documentaries RELATIONSHIP - tackles social problems and issues like injustice and poverty. - How a dancer relates to another dancer; Cinema Direct - How a dancer relates to an object; - How a dancer relates to the group; - presents reality issues using a unique point of view, language, and - Involves the awareness of dancers on their environment. technique. FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES DANCE FOLK DANCES - An audiovisual art form involving series of human movements that are spatially, dynamically, rhythmically and artfully in order to flow - These are developed and performed together by ordinary people. together - Ceremonial, combative, courtship, exorcism, funeral, game, torture, comic, and religious dances. Courtship and Wedding Dance - A ceremonial dance that involves the male pursuing the female. Wedding dances are performed by newlyweds. 12 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Game Dances - are usually acted for fun with a set of rules and structure. These are played to test the skills of the dancers. Martial Dance - This dance is used to enact a battle that may exhibit an unarmed execution. BALLET - This is a theatrical dance presentation in which a plot is integrated with dancing, music, and stage designs. - Modern Ballet, Opera Ballet, and Folkloric Ballet. Modern Ballet - This utilizes the technique and style of classical ballet in portraying contemporary content. Opera Ballet - Dances that are defined within the context of opera. Folkloric Ballet - This involves editing of stories and motifs found in the culture of the people. MODERN DANCE - This is a dance form that emerged during the 20th century that is considered as theatrical, but it veers away from the technique and style of ballet. OTHER FORMS Aerobic Dance Bodabil Dancing Jazz Dance Polynesian and Tahitian Dance Tap Dance 13 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Week 3: Filipino National Artists a) prestigious national and/or international recognition, such as the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artist Award, and A National Artist is a Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of NCCA Alab ng Haraya; National Artist in recognition of his or her significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters. b) critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works; and The rank and title of National Artists are conferred using a Presidential c) respect and esteem from peers, (“Briefer on the Order of Proclamation. National Artist,” n.d.). ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS A member of the Order of National Artists is granted thE following honors and privileges: “Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining” the rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of -a rank, a title, and a wearable award that represents the highest national the Philippines; recognition given to Filipinos who have made distinct contributions in the field of arts and letters. the insignia of a National Artist and a citation; -administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) a lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) in value to those received by the highest officers of the land such as: The National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the Cultural Center of a cash award of One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) net of the Philippines have set criteria for the Order of National Artists. These taxes, for living awardees; criteria are as follows: a cash award of Seventy-Five Thousand Pesos (P75,000.00) net of Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as taxes, for posthumous awardees, payable to legal heir/s; well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino Citizens at the time of their death; a monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits; Artist who, through the content and form of their works, have life insurance coverage for Awardees who are still insurable; contributed to building a Filipino sense of nationhood; a state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani; Artist who has pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, a place of honor, in line with pro-ocular precedence, at national state thus earning the distinction, and making an impact on succeeding functions, and recognition at cultural events. generations of artists; Artists who have created a substantial body of work and/ or consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art forms thus enriching artistic expression or style; Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: 14 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  DIFFERENT FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARTS FILIPINO NATIONAL ARTISTS SITE-SPECIFIC ART NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR VISUAL ARTS - can be found in public places or as installations and it is often FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1972) outdoors. 1st recipient of Order of National Artist - culmination of Conceptual Art. Known for his idyllic rural landscapes and genre depiction of planting APPROPRIATION ART rice. - another form of hybrid -art where the original artwork is modified to He used comics to express his notions of colonialism in our country. give it a modern twist. GUILLERMO TOLENTION (1973) - Fernando Botero e.g. his classical artworks or familiar images in Prominent sculpture is the U.P. Oblation and the Bonifacio larger paintings. Monument. PERFORMANCE ART Designed the seal of the Republic of the Philippines. - features artists using themselves as their medium and engaging NAPOLEON ABUEVA (1976) their audiences in their performances. Youngest recipient of Order of National Artist. - performed for the audience’s viewing. “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture” - e.g. dance, music, opera, theatre, and musicand theatre and etc. NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS HYBRID ART JUAN NAKPIL (1973) - contemporary art movement that incorporates scientific and technological advancements into art. “Dean of Filipino Architects” - hybrid of media art where artists integrate photography, film, radio, 1st recipient of the Order of the National Artist Award for television, computers, and the internet into multi-media Architecture. production. Founded the Philippine Architects Society. Also known as the - it ranges from still photos to animated images and, at times, short Philippine Institute of Architects in 1993. feature films. ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS (2006) “Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture” His legacy was the landscaping of the Paco Park. 15 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS FRANCISCO MANOSA (2018) NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR DANCE Pioneered new vernacular architecture FRANCSICA REYES-AQUINO (1973) Most influential Filipino architect of the 20th century. Filipino folk dance Pioneer His design is a return to the Filipino Indigenous roots incorporating Has research entitled “Philippine Folk Dances and Games” the concept of “Bahay Kubo”. LEONOR OROSA GOQUINCO (1976) He designed the EDSA Shrine. “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance” NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR MUSIC “Dean of Filipino Art critics” ANTONIO J. MOLINA (1973) First Filipino to choreograph a ballet to the music of well-known st 1 recipient of Order of National Artist for Music foreign composers. “Dean of Filipino Composer” ALICE REYES (2014) Created over 500 compositions Popularized contemporary dance in the country. “Hatinggabi”- most prestigious composition. Staged the first modern dance concert at the Cultural Center of the Philippines. HONORATA dela RAMA-HERNANDEZ (1987) NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR THEATER “Atang dela rama” DAISY H. AVELLANA (1976) Hailed as “Queen of Kundiman and the Sarsuela” Iniatiated Filipino theater’s professionalization. Played and sang as the lead character in a zarzuela play called “Dalagang Bukid” Co-founded the Barangay Theatre Guild RYAN CAYABYAB (2018) SEVERINO MONTANO (2001) Rose to fame in the 1970s as an accomplished composer, arranger, “Father of Theater Design in the Philippines’ and musical director. Head of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Performing Arts Produced musical score for “Rama Hari” – a ballet musical in which Department and later created the Production Design Center (PDC). he collaborated with other National Artist Awardees AMELIA LAPENA-BONIFACIO (2018) Known “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian Children’s Theater” Founded a children’s theater troupe, Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas (Mulat Theater) 16 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR HISTORICAL LITERATURE “Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon” – most celebrated film in the Spanish Colonial ruled. CARLOS LOZADA QUIRINO (1997) RONALD ALLAN K. POE (2006) Biographer and historian Known as “Fernando Poe Jr., FPJ, and Da King” Nephew of Elpidio Quirino “King of the Philippine Movies” Famous work were the biography of Jose Rizal Played different leading roles in the action movies on-screen. NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL ARTISTS JOSE GARCIA VILA (1973) BENEDICTO CABRERA “The Comma Poet” Known as “BenCab” Pen name was Doveglion which he based on three animals, the dover, the eagle, and lion. One of the most prominent contemporary visual artists. NESTOR VICENTE MADALI GONZALEZ (1990) His style is neo-realism and high abstraction of genre and portraits. A multi-awarded writer, fictionist, essayist, and poet. “Sabel” – most famous portrait He received the Gawad CCP sa Sining in 1990. KIDLAT TAHIMIK CIRILO F. BAUTISTA (2014) He became the recipient of the National Artist of the Philippines Award for the film. A literary editor and columnist in Manilla Bulletin. “Mababangong Bangungot” – debut film in 1997. His literary works include “Summer Suns” and “Galaw ng Asoge” “Third Cinema” – independent film NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS RYAN CAYABYAB LAMBERTO AVELLANA (1972) Rose to fame in the 1970s as an accomplished composer, arranger, “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies” and musical director. 1st recipient of the Order for National Artist for Film and was a director Produced musical score for “Rama Hari” – a ballet musical in which of both theater and film. he collaborated with other National Artist Awardees EDDIE ROMERO (2003) Won five screenplay awards from the Film Academy of Movie arts and Sciences (FAMAS) and included in the Hall of Fame. 17 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS  Week 4: Gawad Manlilikha Ng Bayan (GAMABA) 3. He/she must have consistently performed or produced over a significant period, works of superior and distinctive quality. Award given to people who excelled in giving honor and pride in preserving traditional folk arts, skills and crafts. This is bestowed by The National 4. He/she must possess proficiency in tools and materials needed by the art Commission for culture and the Arts (NCCA). and must have an established reputation in the art as an expert and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality. GAMABA recognize the outstanding work of artists in the Philippines. 5. He/she must have passed on and/ or will pass on to other members of the What is the National Living Treasure Award? community their skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally Known as the Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayanin the vernacular, this award known. recognizes Filipino artists that have shown excellence in their mastery of A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan medium and technique, craftsmanship and promotion of indigenous beliefs candidate, but due to age or infirmity has left him/ her incapable of teaching in their practice of traditional and ethnic art forms in the Philippines such as further his/her craft, may still be recognized if: pottery, weaving, carving, etc. 1. He/ she had created a significant body of works and/ or has consistently Republic Act No. 7335 displayed excellence in the practice of his/ her art, thus achieving important The award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7335. The contributions for its development. National Commission for the Culture and the Arts (NCCA), which is the highest 2. He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of his//her community’s policymaking and coordinating body of the Philippines for culture and the arts artistic tradition. was tasked with the implementation. 3. He/ she has passed on to other members of the community skills in the folk The award is conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizens art for which the community is traditionally known. engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose distinctive skills have reached such a prominent level of technical and artistic excellence and have 4. His//her community has recognized him/her as an expert or teacher of been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generations in the his/her craft community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence. Categories for the Manlilikha ng Bayan Award Qualifications of Candidates 1. Folk Architecture To become a "Manlilikha ng Bayan," the candidate must possess the following qualifications: - These are simple structures usually intended to provide basic shelter for the surrounding terrain without concern for the following architectural style: built 1. He/she must be an inhabitant of an Indigenous/ traditional cultural of local materials and available tools by people who would inhabit them. community anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved Indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals, and traditions and/or has syncretized whatever 2. Maritime Transports external elements that have influenced it. - These are simple marine vessels made for the transport of goods(cargo) and 2. He/she must have engaged in a folk-art tradition that has been in existence people by sea and other waterways in the surrounding regions. Examples are and documented for at least fifty (50) years. the Wooden Banca and Vinta Boats. 18 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 3. Weaving 10. Pottery Traditional - This traditional art form as practiced in some places involves many threads - pot making in certain areas of the Philippines would use clay found near the being measured, cut, and mounted on a wooden platform. The threads are Sibalom River. Molding the clay requires the use of paddles, and the clay had dyed and weaved on a loom. Early Filipinos weaved using fiber from abaca. to be kept away from sunlight. pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth. GAMABA Awardees 4. Carving 1. Ginaw Bilog 9. Darhata Sawabi - Carving is the act of using tools to shape something from a material by 2. Masino Intaray 10. Eduardo Mutuc scraping away portions of that material. Common materials used in carving in 3. Samaon Sulaiman 11. Haja Amina Appi the Philippines are wood which is widely used in Paete, Laguna, and the 4. Lang Dulay 12. Teofilo Garcia Cordillera regions. 5. Salinta Monon 13. Magdalena Gamayo 6. Alonzo Saclag 14. Ambalang Ausalin 5. Performing Art 7. Federico Caballero 15. Estelita Bantilan - This refers to folk dances and music which are developed by an individual or 8. Uwang Ahadas groups of people that reflect the traditional life of the people of a certain WEAVING province or region in the country. Lang Dulay 6. Literature Year of Conferment: 1998 - Philippine folk literature refers to the traditional oral literature of the Filipino Ethnicity/Location: T’boli/Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Mindanao, Southern people. Thus, the scope, of the field covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines Philippines’ various ethnic groups, as well as various pieces of folklore that Expertise: Tinalak weaving have evolved since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit. The T'bolis are known for their use of abaca fibers in textile weaving. Lang 7. Graphic and Plastic Arts Dulay continued this tradition and preserved the culture of their community through patterns of crocodiles, butterflies, flowers, mountains, and streams - Plastic arts are artistic activities or producing works or effects that are three- and of Lake Sebu in her works. dimensional, such as sculpture or ceramics. Graphic arts are mainly 2D like Died in 2015 sketching, painting, photography, and calligraphy. Also drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs are included. Salinta Monon Year of Conferment: 1998 8. Ornament Ethnicity/Location: Tagabawa/Bagobo, Bansalan, Davao del Sur, - It is something used for decoration to embellish parts of a building or object. southeastern Mindanao island, southern Philippines Examples are Bulul and Parol. Expertise: Inabal weaving Salinta Monon started learning weaving traditional Bagobo textiles from 9. Textile or Fiber Art her mother at the age of 12. Her family is among the remaining Bagobo - Filipinos who are awarded under this category are those who promoted weavers in the community. traditional textile art weaving and fiber art in their locality. Died in 2009 19 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Darhata Sawabi Ethnicity/Location: Yakan/Lamitan, Basilan island, southern Philippines Expertise: Tapestry weaving (Yakan Tennun) Year of Conferment: 2004 Ethnicity/Location: Tausug/Parang, Sulu, southern Philippines Estelita Bantilan Expertise: Pis siyabit weaving Year of Conferment: 2016 Darhata Sawabi is one of the master weavers in the island of Jolo. Like Ethnicity/Location: B’laan/Malapatan, Sarangani Province Philippines most women in their tribe, she has learned the art of weaving the pis syabit, Expertise: Mat weaving (B’laan Igem) the traditional cloth tapestry worn as head cover by the Tausug of Jolo, from ▪ Estelita Bantilan, 85 years old, is one of the Philippine’s treasured national her mother. artists. ▪ She is a B’laan master banig (mat) weaver from Upper Lasang, Sapo Died in 2005 Masla, Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Haja Amina Appi (d. 2013) ▪ recognized for her commitment to the safeguarding and the promotion of of the Blaan Igem (mat weaving) tradition Year of Conferment: 2004 Ethnicity/Location: Sama/Tandubas, TawiTawi, southern Philippines Yabing Masalon Dulo Expertise: Mat weaving Year of Conferment: 2016 Haja Amina Appi is recognized as the master mat weaver among the Sama Ethnicity/Location: B’laan/Mount Matutum, Polomolok, South Cotabato, indigenous community of Ungos Matata. Her mats are known for their Philippines Expertise: Ikat weaving (B’laan mabal tabih) complex geometric patters, proportion, and unique combination of colors. ▪Fu Yabing Dulo is one of the two master designers left of the Blaan mabal Died in 2013 tabih – the art of ikat weaving. Magdalena Gamayo ▪Fu is a term of endearment for an old woman – lola to the Tagalogs, babu to the Magindanaoan. Year of Conferment: 2012 ▪Mabal is the Blaan term for the abaca weaving process. Ethnicity/Location: Ilocano/Pinili, Ilocos Norte, northern Luzon island, ▪Tabih is the term for the finished hand woven cloth and it also refers to the northern Philippines traditional Blaan tubular skirt. Natural dyes from endemic plant species in Expertise: Inabel weaving the community are the source of colors for different designs of this In her profile, it was reported that Magdalena has taught herself the indigenous textile. traditional patterns of binakol, inuritan (geometric design), kusikos (spiral forms similar to oranges), and sinan-sabong (flowers). She has learned the LITERATURE AND PERFORMING ARTS art of weaving from her aunt and started harnessing her innate skills at the Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003) age of 16. She may be in her late 80s but she still manages to arrange threads on the loom, which is the hardest task in textile weaving. Year of Conferment: 1993 Ethnicity/Location: Hanunoo Mangyan/ Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro, central Ambalang Ausalin Philippines Year of Conferment: 2016 Expertise: Surat mangyan and ambahan poetry Ambahan is a poetic literary form composed of seven-syllable lines used to convey Ethnicity/Location: Yakan/Lamitan, Basilan island, southern Philippines messages through metaphors and images. Expertise: Tapestry weaving (Yakan Tennun) Ambalang Ausalin The ambahan is sung and its messages range from courtship, giving advice to the Year of Conferment: 2016 young, asking for a place to stay, saying goodbye to a dear friend and so on. 20 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS Masino Intaray PLASTIC ARTS Year of Conferment: 1993 Eduardo Mutuc Ethnicity/Location: Brookes Point Palawan island , central Philippines Year of Conferment: 2004 Expertise: Lyrical poems(kulilal, basal, and bagit) and playing their Ethnicity/Location: Kapampangan/Apalit Pampanga, central Luzon island, accompanying instruments; epic chanting and storytelling northern Philippines Expertise: Silver plating of religious and secular art Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011) Teofilo Garcia Year of Conferment: 1993 Year of Conferment: 2012 Ethnicity/Location: Maguindanao/Mama sa Pano, western Mindanao Ethnicity/Location: Ilocano/ San Quintin, Abra, northern Luzon island, island, southern Philippines northern Philippines Expertise: Playing the kudyapi Expertise: Gourd casque making Alonzo Saclag National Living Treasure Awardee, 2012 (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan) Farmer in the town of San Quintin, a municipality in Abra Province Year of Conferment: 2000 Better known for tending a plot of land filed with enlarge upo or gourd Ethnicity/Location: Kalinga/Lubuagan, Kalinga northern Luzon island, The tabungaw hat maker of San Quintin northern Philippines Expertise: Playing Kalinga musical instruments, dance patterns and The Art of Tabungaw Hat Making movements associated with rituals The hat called a Kattukong is weatherproof and made from Upo (tagalog) He also formed the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe to guarantee that his or Tabungaw (Ilocano), also known as Bottle Gourd or White Pumpkin. knowledge in the performing arts is passed on to others. Federico Caballero Year of Conferment: 2000 Ethnicity/Location: Sulod Bukidnon/ Calinog Ilolo, Panay Island, central Philippines Expertise: Chanting the sugidanon epic of the Panay Bukidnon Uwang Ahadas Year of Conferment: 2000 Ethnicity/Location: Yakan/Lamitan, Basilan island, southern Philippines Expertise: Playing Yakan musical instruments Uwang Ahadas has made it his life's work to preserve and promote Yakan culture through the traditional music and instruments of his tribe. He has mastered the gabbang, the agung, the kwintangan kayu, and others. 21 | C O N T E M P O R A R Y PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS